sociology chapter 5

p 129 Robert redfield

folk society and an urban society

p 126 pastoral societies

food is obtained by raising and caring for domesticated animals.

p 133 convergence

foresee the development of social and cultural similarity among modernizing nations develop social and cultural commonalities

p 129 mechanical solidity

foundation for social unity consensus of belief values, and norms

p 129 postindustrial society

grounded more in service industries than in manufacturing industries and relies on expertise in production, consumption, and government.

p 133 global culture

homogenized way of life spread across the globe

**The oldest societal solution to the subsistence problem is ____.

hunting and gathering

**In what sequence does the evolutionary order of societies take place?

hunting and gathering, horticultural, agricultural, industrial

**Which of the following types of society solves the subsistence problem through the application of science and technology to the production of goods and services?

industrial

p 116 master statuses

influences most other aspects of a person's life. can be achieved or ascribed.

p 117 rights

inform individuals of behavior they can expect from others

p 117 obligations

inform individuals of the behavior others expect from them

p 119 "the existence o statuses and roles permits social life to be predictable, orderly, and recurrent. at the same time, each person holds many statuses, and each status

involves many roles p

p 123 society

largest and most self-sufficient social structure in existence. composed of people living within defined territorial borders, sharing a common culture. independent of all outsiders.

p 115 major elements of social structure

learning statuses and roles

p 115 social structure

mental images of the group structure in which we want to participate. this allows us to engage in patterned social relationships within groups, without personal embarrassment or social disruption.

p 127 agricultural society

monarchial

**Which of the following does not describe hunting and gathering societies?

no skills

p 115 ascribed status

not earned nor chosen. assigned. male or female w

p 120 role conflict

performance of a role in one status clashes with that in another status.

p 133 globalization

process by which increasingly permeable geographical boundaries lead different societies to share in common some economic, political, and social arrangements.

p 118 social interaction

process of two or more persons influencing each other's behavior

p 117 social statuses

refers to the patterned relationships among individuals and groups

p 129 folk society

rests on tradition, cultural and social consensus, family, personal ties, little division of labor, and an emphasis on the sacred

p 131 modernization theory

result of an evolutionary process by which societies become increasingly complex sees the changes in social structure as result of adaptation.

**When the roles pertaining to a single status are inconsistent, we experience ____.

role strain

**In postindustrial society, the majority of the labor force is employed in ____.

service industries

p 120 solve dilemmas by

setting priorities

p 128 structural differentiation

single social structure divides into two or more social structures

p 129 gesellschaft

society industrial

p 129 urban society

socil relationships are impersonal and contractual

p 125 horizontal societies

solved the subsistence problem primarily through the domestication of plants

p 120 role strain

some of the roles of a single status clash.

p 123 hunting and gathering society

survives by hunting animals and gathering edible foods such as wild fruits and vegetables. oldest solution to the subsistence problem. nomadic. small. tied together by kinship

p 121 the concepts of role behavior and social interaction have the strong flavor of

symbolic interactionism

p 133 world-system theory

the pattern of a nation's development hinges on its place in the world economy core and peripheral

**Who is responsible for the development of the dramaturgical approach that distinguishes between culturally prescribed roles and the fulfillment of those roles?

Goffman

**____ used the term gesellschaft to describe the type of society characterized by weak family ties, competition, and impersonal social relationships.

Tönnies

p 115 status

a position a person occupies within a social structure. defines who we and what we are in relation to other within the same social structure.

p 118 role performance

actual conduct, or behavior, activating a role. most involves social interaction manner in which roles are carried out occurs through social interaction

p 116 status set

all statuses that an individual occupies at any particular time

p 127 industrial society

application of science and technology to the production of goods and services

p 127 alberto martinelli and neil smelser

basic structural changes that occur in socities shifting from an agricultural to an industrial economic base.

**Gemeinschaft is the German word for ____.

community

p 129 gemeinschaft

community tradition, kinship, and intimate relationship

p 129 organic solidarity

complex of specialized statuses that forces interdependence among members of a society ``

**In hunting and gathering societies, economic relationships are based on ____.

cooperation

p 117 roles

culturally defined rights and obligations attached to a status expected behavior glue that holds a network or social statuses together script that indicates to the status holder what beliefs, feelings, and actions are expected of them

p 133 divergence

do not see social and cultural homogeneity as an inevitable result of modernization

p 115 achieved status

earned or chosen because people have some degree of control and choice spouse and parents

p 131 modernization

entails the broader social changes that accompany economic development based on industrialization

p 129 Ferdinand tonnies, emile Durkheim, and Robert redfield

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p 133 amy chua

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