sociology chapter 5!
Which of the following is the best example of collective behavior?
A group of people interested in hearing an author speak
________ is non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage.
Collective behavior
In the concentric zone model, Zone B is likely to house what?
Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments
How does gentrification affect cities?
Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas.
________ might span an entire country, perhaps led by a national organization.
National level social movements
According to ________, it is the environment, not specifically the food supply, that will play a crucial role in the continued health of planet's population.
Paul Ehrlich's theory
What does carrying capacity refer to? Responses
The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment
What does human ecology theory address?
The relationship between humans and their environments
How are the suburbs of Paris different from those of most U.S. cities?
They are synonymous with housing projects and urban poor.
Urbanization includes the sociological study of what? Responses
Urban economics
When distinguishing the three types of collective behavior, a crowd is ________.
a large group of people in close proximity
What is a prerequisite for the existence of a city?
a large population
Question The increase in our senior population as baby boomers begin to retire, which will in turn change the way many of our social institutions are organized, reflects ________ that impacts all other aspects of society.
a population trend
________ are focused on self-improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior. T
alternative movement
Question When someone has fled their home because of persecution but has not left their country, they are known as ________.
an internally displaced person
When someone has fled their home because of persecution but has not left their country, they are known as ________.
an internally displaced person
________ is a system for understanding collective behavior that credited individuals in crowds as rational beings. This theory refocuses attention from collective behavior to collective action, which is based on a shared interest.
assembling perspective
A/An ________ is someone who claims refugee status that has not been validated.
asylum-seeker
The positive checks of Malthusian theory are countered by "preventive checks," which also control the population like "positive checks" do, but accomplish this by reducing fertility rates through
birth control and celibacy
The planet as a whole is warming, but the term ________ acknowledges that the short-term variations in this process can include both higher and lower temperatures, despite the overarching trend toward warmth.
climate change
________ is a deeply controversial subject, despite decades of scientific research and a high degree of scientific consensus that supports its existence.
climate change
In the lifecycle of social movements, which stage involves people joining together and organizing in order to publicize an issue and raise awareness?
coalescence
Question ________ is perhaps the most famous example of human ecology. This model views a city as a series of circular areas, expanding outward from the center of the city, with various parts invading adjacent parts as new categories of people and businesses overrun the edges of nearby areas.
concentric zoning
________ is perhaps the most famous example of human ecology. This model views a city as a series of circular areas, expanding outward from the center of the city, with various parts invading adjacent parts as new categories of people and businesses overrun the edges of nearby areas.
concentric zoning
Garbage creation and control are major issues for most ________, and it is quickly becoming one of the most critical environmental issues faced in the United States.
core and industrializing nations
________ does not believe that humans will wipe themselves out; they believe that we will be able to innovate ourselves out of any pending disaster.
cornucopian theory
As a consequence of population concentrations, water close to human settlements is frequently polluted with untreated or partially treated human waste (sewage), chemicals, radioactivity, and levels of heat sufficient to create large ________incapable of supporting aquatic life.
dead zones
Question ________ demonstrates how societies develop along a predictable continuum as they evolve from unindustrialized to postindustrial.
demographic transition theory
________ is the study of populations. Responses
demography
The United States ________ the Kyoto Protocol, a document created to encourage countries to take voluntary actions to limit their activity that can lead to climate change.
did not sign
The gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not have access to technology is referred to as the ________.
digital divide
________ is one of the fastest growing segments of garbage that is far more problematic than plastic and rusty metal.
e-waste
Social movements have a life cycle, they ________. All social movements go through this cycle. Responses
emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out.
One method of keeping this inequity of ________ alive is NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) protests. Chemical plants, airports, landfills, and other municipal or corporate projects are often the subject of NIMBY demonstrations. And equally often, the NIMBYists win, and the objectionable project is moved closer to those who have fewer resources to fight it.
enviornmental racism
Question The statistics on ________ are shocking. Research shows that it pervades all aspects of African Americans' lives: environmentally unsound housing, schools with asbestos problems, facilities and playgrounds with lead paint.
enviornmental racism
Question ________ refers to the way in which minority group neighborhoods populated primarily by people of color and members of low socioeconomic groups, are burdened with a disproportionate number of hazards, including toxic waste facilities, garbage dumps, and other sources of environmental pollution and foul odors that lower the quality of life. Responses
enviornmental racism
________ refers to the way in which minority group neighborhoods populated primarily by people of color and members of low socioeconomic groups, are burdened with a disproportionate number of hazards, including toxic waste facilities, garbage dumps, and other sources of environmental pollution and foul odors that lower the quality of life.
enviornmental racism
The field of ________ studies the way humans interact with their environments. It focuses specifically on the relationship between people and their built and natural environment.
enviornmental sociology
Question As the suburbs became more crowded and lost their charm, those who could afford it turned to the ________, which are communities that exist outside the ring of suburbs
exurbs
________ are settlements typically populated by even wealthier families who want more space and have the resources to lengthen their commute beyond the suburbs.
exurbs
The ________ of a society is a measure noting the number of children born.
ferility rate
On average, every ________ a child dies from lack of access to clean drinking water. Many of the major diseases that peripheral countries battle, such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, are caused by contaminated water.
fifteen seconds
Sociologists have developed the concept of________ to explain how individuals identify and understand social events and which norms they should follow in any given situation. Responses
frames
Question ________ in historically less affluent urban areas occurs when middle and upper classes move into the areas to renovate, resulting in increased housing cost and pressure for those of lower socioeconomic status to leave.
gentrification
________ in historically less affluent urban areas occurs when middle and upper classes move into the areas to renovate, resulting in increased housing cost and pressure for those of lower socioeconomic status to leave.
gentrification
The world's most densely populated cities are now largely concentrated in the ________, a marked change from several decades ago when the biggest cities were found in the ________.
global south, global north
Much of the pollution in the air comes from ________.
human activity
In the United States, we have a transportation system geared to accommodate individuals and families in the form of interstate highways built for cars. In most parts of Europe public transportation is emphasized, including high-speed rail and commuter lines, walking and bicycling. The challenge for a human ecologist working in U.S. urban planning is to design landscapes and waterscapes with natural beauty, while also figuring out how to provide for free-flowing transport of innumerable vehicles, not to mention parking! Such a field of study is called Responses
human ecology
Question ________ is part of a structure-functionalist field of study that looks at on the relationship between people and their built and natural physical environments. Sociologists have noted that urban land use and urban population distribution occur in a predictable pattern once we understand how people relate to their living environment.
human ecology
________ is part of a structure-functionalist field of study that looks at on the relationship between people and their built and natural physical environments. Sociologists have noted that urban land use and urban population distribution occur in a predictable pattern once we understand how people relate to their living environment.
human ecology
One implication of the ________ is that employees have access to email and information 24 hours/7 days a week and are expected to be more available and responsive.
immediacy of information transfer
According to NASA scientists, the overall trend of worldwide temperatures is ________.
increasing
The two primary means of waste disposal in the United States are
lanfill and incineration
Chicago has a ________ focused on "building a socially just city." Through its offerings, AREA Chicago gives local residents a chance to engage in a movement to help build a socially just city.
local social movement
Question Together, the suburbs, exurbs, and metropolitan areas often all combine to form ________ as the city continues to sprawl.
metropolis
________ is the movement of people into and out of an area and may take the form of movement into an area to take up permanent residence, or movement out of an area to another place of permanent residence.
migration
________ is the movement of people into and out of an area and may take the form of movement into an area to take up permanent residence, or movement out of an area to another place of permanent residence. Responses
migration
________ might be voluntary, such as when college students study abroad, involuntary as when Syrians evacuated war-torn areas, or forced, as when many Native American tribes were removed from the lands they'd lived in for generations, or the enslavement of Africans
migration
The ________ is a measure of the number of people who die.
mortality rate
________ is the call to action and tells a person exactly what to do once you agree with and believe in the frame.
motivational framing
As human populations move into more vulnerable areas, we see an increase in the number of people affected by
natural disasters
The most urbanized region is ________ at 82 percent.
north america
A growing number of unauthorized immigrants who entered the United States legally are now considered illegal due to ________
overstaying their visas
The population of the planet doubled in the past 43 years especially in ________. Responses
peripheral countries
________describes what happens when contaminants are introduced into an environment (water, air, land) at levels that are damaging. Responses
pollution
The ________ is a snapshot of the demographic profile of a population.
popular composition
During the Industrial Era, there was a ________ worldwide. The development of factories brought people from rural to urban areas, and new technology increased the efficiency of transportation, food production, and food preservation.
population growth spurt
Question During the Industrial Era, there was a ________ worldwide. The development of factories brought people from rural to urban areas, and new technology increased the efficiency of transportation, food production, and food preservation.
population growth spurt
Question Cities have continued to evolve from manufacturing-based industrial areas to service- and information-based ________ and societies.
post-industrial cities
A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of ________.
precipitating factors
If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________. Responses
prognostic framing
Some religious sects could be classified as ________ .
redemptive movements
Question ________ seek to change something specific about the social structure.
reformative framing
The women's suffrage movement, which sought to change something specific about the social structure in society, would be classified as which type of social movement?
reformative social movement
The war in Syria resulted in millions of individuals seeking ________.
refugee status
Question If we divide social movements according to their ability to raise money, we are using the ________ theory to understand social movements.
resource mobilization
Question ________ are interested in the creation and reproduction of inequality and study how peripheral nations' lack of family planning affects their overall population in comparison to core nations that tend to have lower fertility rates.
social conflict theorists
________ are interested in the creation and reproduction of inequality and study how peripheral nations' lack of family planning affects their overall population in comparison to core nations that tend to have lower fertility rates.
social conflict theorists
________ are interested in the creation and reproduction of inequality and study how peripheral nations' lack of family planning affects their overall population in comparison to core nations that tend to have lower fertility rates. Responses
social conflict theorists
While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations, such as PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a ________.
social movement industry
More than 150 organizations, with members such as the Black Lives Matter Network, the National Conference of Black Lawyers, and the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, make up a ________ representing the interests of black communities in the United States.
social movement sector
In ________, birth, death, and infant mortality rates are all high and while life expectancy is short.
stage 1 of the demographic transition model
As countries begin to industrialize, they enter ________, where birthrates are higher while infant mortality and the death rates drop. Life expectancy also increases.
stage 2 of the demographic transition model
Sweden is considered to be in
stage 4 of the demographic transition model
________ focus on the way all aspects of population, urbanization, and the environment serve as vital and cohesive elements, ensuring the continuing stability of society.
structural functionalist theorists
As transportation options improved and cities grew and became more crowded, they often became more impoverished and costly, so more and more people began to migrate back out of them to places different than the small towns they came from initially, to places called ________.
suburbs
________ focus on the way all aspects of population, urbanization, and the environment serve as vital and cohesive elements, ensuring the continuing stability of society. Responses
sustainable functionalist theorists
The level of modernity within a society is judged by the sophistication of its ________, particularly as it relates to infrastructure, industry, etc.
technology
Social movements are:
the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms, beliefs, or values
Sociologists believe we are continuing to expand the planet's population past the predictions of ________ even though he believed that ample resources to support the earth's population would soon run out.
thomas malthus theory
When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame ________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance. Responses
transformation
Native Americans are unquestionably victims of environmental racism. The Commission for Racial Justice found that about 50 percent of all American Indians live in communities with
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
Globally, 54% of the world's 7 billion people currently reside in ________.
urban areas
________ is the study of the social, political, and economic relationships in cities.
urban sociology
What led to the creation of the exurbs?
urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city and suburbs
According to Malthusian theory, three factors would control human population that exceeded the earth's ability to sustain the growing population of humans. These are Responses
war, famine, and disease
The suburbs have had their share of socio-economic problems. In the United States, ________ refers to the migration of economically secure white people from racially mixed urban areas and toward the suburbs. Responses
white flight
________ is a concept stating that the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration.
zero population growth