Sociology Chapter 8
Double-Consciousness
W.E.B. Dubai's term for the divided identity experienced by the blacks in the United States
Pluralism
a cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation and acceptance within a society
Assimilation
a pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous
Racism
a set of beliefs about the claimed superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences among groups are genetic
Ethnicity
a socially defined category based on a common language, religion, nationality, history, or some other cultural factor
Race
a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people
Situational Ethnicity
an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation
Symbolic Ethnicity
an ethnic identity that is only relevant on special occasions and does not significantly affect everyday life
Prejudice
an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it
Race Consciousness
an ideology that acknowledges race as a powerful social construct that shapes our individual and social experiences
Color-Blind Racism
an ideology that removes race as an explanation for any form of unequal treatment
Individual Discrimination
discrimination carried out by one person to another
Institutional Discrimination
discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it
Passing
presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group you belong to
Minority Group
social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups though they are not necessarily fewer in number than the dominant groups
Cultural Appropriations
the adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without giving permission and often for the dominant groups gain
Genocide
the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group
Internal Colonialism
the economic and political subjugation of the minority group by the dominant group within a nation
Population Transfer
the forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied
Segregation
the physical and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity
Racial Assimilation
the process by which minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through intermarriage
Cultural Assimilation
the process racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture
Embodied Identity
those elements of identity that are generated through others' perceptions of our physical traits
Privilege
unearned advantage accorded to members of dominant social groups (males, whites, heterosexuals, the physically able, etc)
Discrimination
unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice
