Sociology - Chapters 11 - 16, Review & Quiz's
In which age category do the largest percentage of respondents believe that there is solid evidence the earth is warming?
50-64
US Workforce Quiz: What percent of the labor force is institutionalized?
2%
One expert interviewed reported that as of 2015 over national elections in the world were determined by Google's search engine.
25
Kendra is single and lives alone. Today, her type of household (unmarried) makes up what percentage of the households in the United States?
28 percent
US Workforce Quiz: According to the figure, ______ percent of the labor force is employed full-time, while ______ percent is employed part-time.
47; 11
Chapter 11 - US Workforce Quiz: What percent of the population is considered unemployed in the graphic, and what would that percentage be if college students, people who are retired, and people who are institutionalized were considered unemployed as well? ~ 7.6% unemployed ~ 3% college students ~ 15% Retired ~ 2% institutionalized ~ 3% college students Answers: a) 5; 20 b) 5; 25 c) 10; 25
5; 25 ~~~~~Question 3 is confusing to me....I wondering if the question is quoted correctly on the quiz. Sent email to teacher
The ownership of media companies is now concentrated in the hands of _____ large conglomerates.
6
In which age category do the largest percentage of respondents believe that global warming is due to natural patterns?
65+
Janine lives in New York City. It is a fairly quick trip for her to get to Boston, Philadelphia, or Washington, DC. This network of nearby and closely tied urban areas is called __________.
A megalopolis
Which of the following statements best describes the consequences of the Information Revolution?
Agriculture and manufacturing are shrinking parts of the American economy. Tip: The Information Revolution brought a profound shift from an economy based on the production of goods to one based on the production of knowledge and services.
Amber lives in New York, "the city that never sleeps," so she feels she has a great deal of freedom and choice. However, sociologists argue that this freedom prevents city dwellers from developing intimate personal relationships or community, a situation that is often referred to as __________.
Alienation
Why are antiwar protests, civil rights demonstrations, and voting-rights efforts (suffrage) all considered to be forms of "social movements"?
All of them have some form of leadership, an organized structure, and a commitment to effect change
(Q004) Thousands of migrants ride freight trains through Mexico to enter the United States each year. According to data presented in the video, approximately how many of these individuals are children traveling alone?
Among the thousands that ride the trains roughly 5% are children traveling alone 1 in 20
In the 1950s John and Ella lived in Alabama and wanted to get married, but they were not allowed to because one of them was black and the other was white. What type of law prohibited their relationship?
Anti miscegenation antimiscegenation
According to the textbook, which of the following is a recreational activity?
Any activity that is enjoyable, liberating, and perhaps even transformative
Which of the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) listed in Figure 1 has the largest percentage of residents under age 21?
Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX
Anastasia is part of a grassroots environmental group. This is distinguished from mainstream environmentalism by its __________.
Belief in citizen participation in environmental decision making
Which race/ethnicity group has the highest infant mortality rate?
Blacks
Which of the following is true of both knowledge workers and service workers?
Both service workers and knowledge workers rely on new information technologies to a large degree. Tip: For example, both retail outlets and investment bankers must use computer databases to predict exactly how much of a product they need to keep on hand or to determine how to choose a particular company that will realize the maximum gain for a client.
Which of the following groups would a contemporary sociologist classify as a family?
Carl and Wendy are an unmarried couple living together along with Carl's son from an earlier relationship.
Cohabitation (unmarried partners living together) has become increasingly common over the last few decades. Which of the following does your text cite as a possible reason for the rise in cohabitation?
Changing attitudes about religion have made sexual relationships outside marriage more socially acceptable
Which media corporation depicted in the figure makes the largest amount of money?
Comcast
As a child, Tim enjoyed fishing with a cane pole from the shoreline, but now, fishing with his grandson involves obtaining a fishing license, getting out in the water on the family boat, and bringing several choices of fishing gear so the family can be prepared for many types of fish. This best exemplifies ________
Commodification
When Warren noticed his daughter enjoyed doing handstands in the front yard of their home in the suburbs and saw her flips over the couch, he enrolled her in a weekly gymnastics class and bought her mats to practice on. This exemplifies the __________.
Commodification of leisure
Last year, Sara and her husband inherited forty acres of land near Salinas, Kansas. Growing her own food has always been important to Sara, and with the new land, she and her husband decided to make organic gardening a career. They began recruiting local restaurants to buy produce directly from their farm. This system is best described as __________.
Community-supported agriculture
Which of the major theoretical perspectives studied throughout the text might investigate how certain members of society have greater access to natural resources than others?
Conflict theory
What is a major difference between contagion theory and emergent norm theory?
Contagion theory says people develop a mob mentality while emergent norm theory says individuals make decisions based on norms.
As a sociologist, Piper is interested in how many people live in her home state of California and where it is most densely populated. Which type of research is Piper doing?
Demography
Which of the following is an example of propinquity?
Donald and Katherine grew up in the same neighborhood in Boston and ended up getting married.
(Q003) Based on the accounts depicted in this video, we might infer which of the following about migrants coming from Somalia and entering the United States?
Economic push factors shape Somali migration.
Ashlyn's research focuses on how the city where she lives interacts with the natural environment. This field of study is called __________.
Environmental sociology
The infant mortality rate increased between 2001-2006 and 2011.
False
True or : In 2010, the television was the dominant source of news for all age groups
False
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the concept of conglomeration?
Google owns the largest wind farm.
As the population of the United States continues to live longer, care of the elderly __________.
Has been taken over by nonfamily institutions
What is one of the key differences between hunting and gathering societies and horticultural societies?
Horticultural societies tended to have more permanent settlements. Tip: Horticultural societies had more permanent settlements and a greater diversification of labor because different types of workers, such as farmers, craftspeople, and traders, were all necessary to the economy. Hunting and gathering societies, by contrast, had to be mobile, and the diversity of labor (division of labor) centered on survival and not specialization.
Which of the following best illustrates a question of sociological interest in regard to medicine, health, and illness?
How does where a person lives impact his or her risk of certain health issues?
Sustainable development suggests which type of relationship between humans and the natural environment?
Humans limit economic growth to proceed only insofar as natural resources are recycled rather than depleted.
When Corrine was in school, kids who had a hard time staying focused in the classroom were punished. Now, as a teacher with twenty-three years of experience, she witnesses this same behavior being treated, not as a disciplinary issue, but as a medical issue that can be diagnosed and treated with prescription drugs. What has changed?
Hyperactive behavior has been transformed into an illness that can be treated with medicine.
Fran is a call center customer-service worker who has a script she's supposed to strictly follow when she responds to customer complaints. One day, a customer is extremely rude to her and Fran departs from the script and asks her to be more polite and respectful. What kind of strategy is this is an example of?
Individual resistance Tip: Fran is taking a risk when she asserts her autonomy on the job by controlling the interaction rather than being controlled by it. This particular resistance strategy is something that workers might do on their own, but they probably do not coordinate their efforts.
A technology journalist commented that law does not stay current; developing laws takes time. Tech companies advance at a much faster pace exploiting the process. The journalist said our laws have largely been designed for a world prior to the ______________________? a) Agricultural Age b) Industrial Age c) Information Age d) Postmodern Age
Industrial Age
Which revolution shifted work away from the home and led to the large-scale movement of people from rural areas into cities?
Industrial Revolution Tip: Before the Industrial Revolution, most work was done in or around the home and people lived mostly in rural areas. The spread of industrialism changed work, concentrating it in factories and cities, where many people moved to find work.
William is a young boy living in London, England, in the late 1700s. He is amazed by the new steam-powered machines he sees being introduced and used in the city to make textiles, as well as the factories popping up seemingly everywhere. William is witnessing the _________
Industrial Revolution Tip: The Industrial Revolution began in England with the invention of the steam engine in 1769, which was first used to power machinery, initially for the manufacture of textiles.
Early in his career, Roland read about the development of the microchip used in computers. A few years later, he was one of the first people to purchase a computer to assist in managing his business accounts. Roland participated in the start of which revolution?
Information Tip: The creation of the microchip was one of the major signifiers of the start of the Information Revolution. The microchip transformed the ability to manage information electronically.
Doing the dishes and fixing the car are examples of __________.
Instrumental tasks
Which of the following is true about the "treadmill of production"?
It involves using natural resources to fuel production.
Lara works as a massage therapist. Why would Lara be considered one type of service worker?
Lara provides direct service to clients. Tip: Service workers, such as massage therapists, provide a service to businesses or customers. This service usually involves direct contact with clients.
What did Barbara Ehrenreich find in her research (described in her book Nickel and Dimed) on minimum-wage service jobs?
Low wages, lack of benefits, and grueling hours often make it difficult for these workers to pay even basic bills. Tip: Ehrenreich found that because such workers had few economic resources, they often stayed in jobs even if they were mistreated. Increasingly, large corporations are hiring part-time service workers in order to reduce costs.
Madison is a recently divorced mom who has sole custody of her son and Andre is a recently divorced dad who has sole custody of his daughter. Which of the following is most likely true?
Madison and her son are living in poverty while Andre and his daughter are not.
Malcolm is choosing not to have children because he fears that in the future, the global population will far outstrip the available land and food sources, resulting in a catastrophic situation for humanity. He can't imagine bringing a child into the world under these circumstances. As a theoretical perspective, his ideas agree with which concept?
Malthusian theorem
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the argument that transnational corporations (TNCs) hold a great deal of power and wield enormous influence in global governance?
Many transnational corporations are economically larger than some small nations. Tip: While it is clear that TNCs exert enormous economic influence in our lives, it is not always clear that this same power impinges on the governance of many countries. The fact that some TNCs are larger than national economies highlights their outsized influence in global governance.
Why did respondents believe technology is contributing to a loss of trust? a) Emergent addiction to social media b) Confirmation bias associated with political beliefs c) More time spent in hostile-online environments d) Digital divide and access concerns
More time spent in hostile-online environments
Carlos is examining data showing the number of deaths per thousand people in Mexico in 2001. This data would be referred to as the __________.
Mortality rate
Margo is a demographer. She studies population and issues related to population. Which of the following concepts is she most likely to explore?
Mortality rate
Which of the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) listed in Figure 1 has the largest percentage of residents age 65+?
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA
Leana is discussing overconsumption of nonrenewable resources with her friends. Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
Oil
Which of the following is a reason why people who decide to live childfree may be stigmatized in American society?
People who desire to be childless are clearly selfish and don't care about the future.
When sociologists talk about a family form that improvises in response to social-structural changes in our society and makes adaptations to best fit within it, what are they referring to?
Postmodern family
Susan's friends describe her as a "Supermom." She works a full day outside the home and then comes home from work and completes household tasks, child-care tasks, and other domestic responsibilities. Sociologists Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung would call the household work Susan does after her paid job the __________.
Second shift
Which of the following countries has the lowest infant mortality rate? a) Afghanistan b) United States c) Singapore d) Japan
Singapore
Lou was raised in an inner city that is now run-down and in need of repair. He spends his time and effort focusing on responsible redevelopment and revitalization of his city and others. He is an advocate of __________.
Smart growth
"One goal of the family is socialization of a new generation." This statement would most likely come from which theoretical perspective?
Structural functionalism
Which of the text's major theoretical perspectives would consider urban sprawl as a benefit for society because it allows and supports population growth?
Structural functionalism
Which of the theoretical perspectives considered throughout the text might explore how family relations are created and maintained in daily interactions?
Symbolic Interactionism
According to social science research, which of the following individuals would be least likely to participate in a social movement?
Tammy, an unemployed single mother struggling to support her four children in rural Mississippi
A local ballet company has the support of fifty major contributors, who are listed as patrons in the ballets programs. Each year, all fifty people donate a certain amount of money and buy season tickets because they enjoy and support the ballet. This exemplifies _____________.
Taste publics
While there have always been "gig" workers, what has recently changed about this kind of labor?
Technology facilitates connections between workers and clients and modulates pricing. Tip: Before the Internet, freelancers relied on word of mouth, newspapers, or fliers to connect with clients. They were their own bosses, set their own rates, and decided when they should work. App-based services and other technologies now do that intermediary work.
Elizabeth enjoys creating silly GIFs and memes by mixing and mashing up clips and still images from 1990s TV shows that she finds on YouTube. This best exemplifies __________.
Textual poaching
Someone living in a crowded apartment building hears a woman screaming during the night but does nothing about it because she assumes another neighbor will call the police. This best illustrates __________.
The bystander effect
Parents are a major source of how we are socialized, and it follows that parents have a significant influence on their children. Sociologists have also found that when there are small children in the home they influence the parents, causing marital satisfaction to decrease. What else changes with the introduction of children into the home?
The division of labor becomes more traditional
Tamara has worked for organizations like Greenpeace and the Nature Conservancy since the 1960s. She considers herself to be part of the modern environmental movement, which has focused on __________.
The environmental consequences of new technology, oil exploration, and nuclear power plants
A sociologist studying monasteries, ashrams, student co-ops, and co-housing would be likely to notice what about these intentional communities?
Their members share a common purpose
One professor argues artificial intelligence and big data are _____________in nature. Unlike the worldwide web before, corporate/political control dictates technical design and business model of newer technologies. This one-sided ownership hampers pluralistic dynamics of democracy and democratic institutions.
closed and centralized
There seems to be a "global rat race" in the pursuit of _____________________. Some worry this could enable the suppression of other rights
collecting personal data
What kind of resistance strategy is a union?
collective Tip: One key aspect of unions is that they are collective, and their success often hinges on how many people they can involve in their efforts.
Decades ago, recreation took place in public spaces far more often than it does today. What is one reason for this shift cited in the text?
With access to the Internet and personal computers, private homes have become more attractive for leisure activities
Which of the following is true regarding intimate partner violence (IPV)?
Younger women are at greater risk of IPV than older women.
Since 1994 Albert has had a recurring illness that requires him to periodically visit his doctor for treatment. He likely has ________.
a chronic disease.
In early 2019 it seemed to Connor that everyone at his school was suddenly obsessed with recording and posting videos on TikTok of themselves dancing to Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" song. Connor thought this whole thing was silly and was glad when people got tired of it and turned their attention to something else. According to the textbook, this is an example of __________.
a fad
Martha must drive twenty miles to get to the nearest grocery store. She often buys her daily items from a convenience store near her home, where healthy options are hard to come by. A sociologist might describe her neighborhood as __________.
a food desert.
Sociologist Matthew Desmond has called attention to a national crisis in housing brought on by __________.
a lack of affordable housing in both cities and suburbs
In December 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China, and the virus quickly spread to other countries. By late February 2020, the virus had infected small numbers of people in twenty-four countries and officials became worried that it could spread even further around the world and become __________.
a pandemic
Marcus is diagnosed with diabetes. His insurance company cancels his coverage following his diagnosis. This is an example of __________.
a practice called rescission that the Affordable Care act bans.
The International Forum of Globalization seeks to reduce the impact of globalization by advocating for "living locally." This best illustrates __________.
a regressive social movement
Darwin is fourteen years old and a big fan of the celebrity YouTuber Jake Paul, who is known for pulling elaborate pranks on his brother and friends, which he films and posts to YouTube. Darwin looks up to Jake and starts trying to act like him by filming pranks on his little sister and parents for his own fledgling YouTube channel. For Darwin, Jake Paul is __________.
a role model
Luanne spends her leisure time doing lots of community service and she enjoys serving as an example for the other volunteers she leads. A sociologist would describe Luanne as _________
a role model
In the aftermath of the 2018 school shooting at the Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, student survivors organized and led a mass demonstration in Washington, D.C., called March for Our Lives, in which they demanded legislation to prevent gun violence. This kind of group is best described as __________.
a social movement
Ngan works in a factory that offers below-standard wages, demands long hours, and has very poor working conditions that may pose health or safety hazards. This work environment is referred to as __________.
a sweatshop Tip: Historically, sweatshops originated during the Industrial Revolution. However, they still thrive both overseas and in the United States. Part of the problem is regulatory, and part of the problem is the absence of global cooperation to prevent such abuses.
On the television show Friends, a close-knit group of friends routinely met at a coffee shop to share meaningful life moments and camaraderie. In this scenario, which sociological concept is being illustrated?
a third place
A park ranger has decided to prohibit visitors to their state park from picking wildflowers because too many people were picking too many, resulting in damage to the landscape. What concept from the text is the ranger trying to prevent with this prohibition?
a tragedy of the commons
Oneisha, a high school student, spends about two hours each day on her phone browsing Facebook and Instagram and watching Tik Tok and YouTube videos, and then spends another two hours watching Netflix on her laptop in the evening. In total, Oneisha is spending about a fourth of her waking day on her electronic devices. This is __________.
about average
Jonas works at a software development company and gets paid well, but he doesn't find his work fulfilling or satisfying. He feels as if he is just following orders and doing the same things over and over. He also doesn't feel a sense of connection with his co-workers and resents the power that the company owners have over him. A sociologist would most likely say that Jonas is experiencing __________.
alienation Tip: The nature of service work in the Postindustrial Age suggests that the alienation Karl Marx described in the nineteenth century has taken on new forms in our current times. Marx described workers as alienated from the product of their work, each other, and company owners, as well as from their own humanity.
Henry gets frequent migraine headaches. Although his doctor prescribed prescription pain medication, he decided instead to use acupuncture treatment and take herbal supplements exclusively, which are both forms of __________.
alternative medicine.
Santiago has noticed that his local news station frequently features stories of Hispanic immigrants committing crimes but less frequently broadcasts stories of similar crimes committed by native-born citizens. He thinks that this pattern in news coverage is contributing to anti-immigrant sentiment in his city. Santiago's views are an example of which approach to understanding media effects?
an agenda-setting theory
Zane prefers to live in a place without many people around and with lots of space in between them. Zane would be most likely to choose to live in ________.
an area with low urban density
Andy lives in a small, isolated town in East Texas, where he feels bored by the slow pace of life and stifled by the close-knit community in which everybody knows everybody else's business. He wishes to live somewhere else with more anonymity, diversity, and variety, at least while he's still young and single. In other words, Andy would like to be __________.
an urbanite
What is the overall infant mortality rate of the U.S. population (infant deaths per 100,000 births).
between 500 - 1,000
Taylor is working on a study with a team of scientists who are trying to document and track all the different types of plants and animals that live in the Savage Gulf State Natural Area in Tennessee. They are studying that area's __________.
biodiversity
Diana was in a car accident and now appears to be in a permanent coma. She breathes with the aid of machines and is fed through a tube. Much debate is occurring within her family about her treatment, which doctors say will not improve her condition. A sociologist who is interested in studying this conflict would want to research __________.
bioethics.
Which type of economic system is the United States?
capitalist with socialist aspects Tip: The United States offers numerous government subsidies for businesses as well as individuals. While it is a capitalist society, these things all make it socialist in a few respects.
In the video, we see that society shapes marriage differently for men and for women. For example, women may be taught to depend on a husband, while men are often taught to have a negative expectation of marriage (thus devaluing women). Based on these different messages, marriage is structured as a site of stratification between husbands and wives. Given this, the analysis is based on which theoretical perspective?
conflict
Which of the theoretical perspectives considered throughout the text might explore how and why high-culture activities are accessible to some but not all in society?
conflict theory
Which of the theoretical perspectives considered throughout the text might explore the ways in which laws regarding drug use tend to be created by the powerful in society so that they benefit some while harming others?
conflict theory
Which theoretical perspective examines the idea of families as a competition for scarce resources such as time and energy?
conflict theory
Many people think of leisure as the opposite of work. However, a sociologist sees work and leisure as complementary activities that coexist within a capitalist economic system. In that way, work and leisure are activities together linked through __________.
consumption
Because of satellite radio stations like SiriusXM radio, U.S. radio stations can be heard throughout the world. The commercials on these radio stations convey American ideas and culture to other countries. This best exemplifies __________.
cultural diffusion
In the late 1970s, British and American punk rock music spread to the youth in East Germany, which was ruled by a communist dictatorship until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Some argue that the adoption of punk rock's ideals of freedom, nonconformity, and individuality among the youth helped to bring down the communist regime by cultivating resistance against state repression throughout the 1980s. The effects of the spread of punk rock to East Germany would be described by a sociologist as __________.
cultural imperialism
The Internet was available long before online classes were available. It took schools and universities years to adapt to the new technology. According to your textbook, this slowness to adapt to new technology is called __________.
cultural lag
Reggie has the opportunity to travel to China as part of his job. He will be there working for three weeks. His biggest concern is having food similar to that which he enjoys at home. While in China, Reggie is pleasantly surprised to see many of the same fast-food restaurants as in his hometown. This best exemplifies __________.
cultural leveling
Nash broke his arm on the playground. His parents will most likely seek __________.
curative medicine.
Which of the following is an example of the use of renewable resources?
dams on the Columbia River in Oregon that generate electricity from hydropower
Dewey runs a t-shirt company in New York City. She sources cotton from farmers in India, has it processed in Vietnam, and then has it shipped to Mexico, where the cotton is cut and sewn into shirts. The plain t-shirts are then shipped to Dewey's boutique storefront in Brooklyn, where she screen prints her own designs onto them and sells them. This company's practices are an example of __________ integration.
deep Tip: "Deep integration" refers to the global flow of goods and services in today's economy. In contrast, in a shallow integration model, a national company would arrange with a foreign company to either import or export products exclusively within that nation's economy.
What is a major difference between the Malthusian perspective and demographic transition theory perspective on population change?
demographic transition theory looks at recent historical patterns and countries' economic development
Veronica's parents have adult-onset diabetes. Her doctor suggested that she walk daily for exercise to help prevent getting diabetes herself. Unfortunately, it's difficult for her to walk in her neighborhood because the sidewalks are in disrepair. When the risk for disease is increased by social factors as in this case, it is called __________.
deprivation amplification.
In many video games today, the world is presented as apocalyptic and riddled with social problems. What social attitude toward modern cities might this reflect?
dystopia
Cecile's family is planning a trip to the Caribbean. Her parents want to stay at a large luxury chain resort, but Cecile is worried about the cultural and environmental impacts this would have and convinces them to make reservations at a rustic lodge that is locally owned and collaborates with a nature preserve to promote the conservation of local resources. On this trip, Cecile and her family will be engaging in __________.
ecotourism
(Q002) This clip shows the steps by which the Honduran boys go from the Guatemala-Mexico-border through Mexico, and how they survived, in hopes of entering into the United States to find work. This is an example of which concept?
emigration
Alma lives in a predominantly Latino working-class neighborhood in Chicago, and she and many other residents are angry that there are plans to build a highly polluting municipal trash incinerator near their homes. Alma and her neighbors protest against the plan, arguing they deserve to have a clean and healthy environment just as much as anyone else does, and by doing so, they become a part of the __________.
environmental justice movement
HIV/AIDS has ravaged populations around the world. Part of the challenge in treatment and prevention hinges upon a clear understanding of local culture in the population under duress. That is, different approaches will work differently in different places. The practice of studying these differences is known as __________
epidemiology.
Margie is from an upper-class U.S. family and Jorge is from a poor Salvadoran family. They met while she was backpacking through South America after college and they are now married. This exemplifies __________.
exogamy
Jo is in her early forties and is juggling the demands of taking care of her two young children and having to assist her elderly parents with some daily tasks. She is __________.
experiencing the "sandwich generation" effect
Margarethe plans all holiday meals for her family and sends birthday emails to family members. These are examples of __________.
expressive tasks
In the study of different societies, sociologists have documented examples of polygyny. When we compare those findings with the ones in the video, a sociologist is most likely to conclude about family that
family forms are socially constructed.
Bonnie does freelance work from home. What is most likely the best benefit she derives from this arrangement?
flexibility Tip: Also called offshoring, outsourcing involves contracting out, or transferring to another country, the labor that a company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform. Outsourcing is a very contentious business practice in the United States today.
For example, men are taught to prefer and expect certain things from their wives. This reflects which concept?
heteronormativity
The Metropolitan Opera and the Cleveland Orchestra are examples of __________.
high culture
The Flint water crisis, where the city's water source was contaminated with lead, illustrates what?
how health disparities are often linked to inequality
Lilyanna recently took over as CEO of a large cosmetics company. She thinks it's important to engage in corporate social responsibility, so she __________.
implements a plan to reduce the firm's environmental impact and ceases testing products on animals Tip: "Corporate social responsibility" refers to businesses adopting new forms of self-regulation and taking proactive measures to integrate social and ethical concerns into their business models.
The Agricultural Revolution had many benefits, such as allowing for greater food production and for groups to better sustain themselves and develop more permanent settlements. However, it also had some downsides, such as __________.
increasing the necessary amount of daily labor Tip: The shift from hunting and gathering to agricultural work increased the amount of labor individuals had to perform daily, which led to divisions of labor and, eventually, to slave labor.
Lucia fell on a tumbling pass during her most recent gymnastics competition and tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her knee. To deal with the pain, she got a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test, visited a physical therapist, took aspirin, and got acupuncture. This best exemplifies __________.
integrative medicine
While technological advancement has many benefits, it also has risks. Which is an emerging social problem linked to online technological innovation?
large-scale data breaches
In Ocala, Florida, a developer built a subdivision of homes around an airplane landing strip. Each home in the subdivision had a garage as well as a hanger for personal airplanes. The community was intended for the families of pilots. This community exemplifies __________.
lifestyle enclaves
Which of the following would a sociologist most likely say is motivated by relative deprivation theory?
low-income workers' battle to establish fair, living wages
The impact and effect of media are often difficult to underestimate, as Orson Welles's broadcast of The War of the Worlds demonstrated in 1938. This example is used in support of the hypodermic needle, or magic bullet, theory, which suggests that __________.
media content is effectively "injected" directly into the listening public, which responds instantaneously to the stimulus
Obesity was once seen as a personal issue but has since come to be seen as a medical issue. This best exemplifies __________.
medicalization.
This film clip shows young children smoking. One boy who left for the United States did not tell his mother he was leaving "because she was gone, partying, with her husband." From one theoretical perspective, we might infer that the boys have not have been sufficiently socialized and that the institutions of family and education might have broken down. This reflects which theoretical perspective? a) structural functionalist b) symbolic interactionist - incorrect answer c) conflict d) seminist
structural functionalist
The phenomenon known as aging in place is represented by which of the following scenarios?
older adults staying in rural areas as young adults move away from rural areas
Jared runs a company in Oakland, California, that produces mobile games for Android and Apple phones. He has found that he can increase company profits by contracting freelance coders and developers in India rather than in the United States to do most of the work. This is an example of __________.
outsourcing Tip: Also called offshoring, outsourcing involves contracting out, or transferring to another country, the labor that a company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform. Outsourcing is a very contentious business practice in the United States today.
Ava is interested in studying the ways in which rapid advancements in technology are shaping human interaction and culture in the twenty-first century and worries about the unintended consequences of some emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence. She is focused on understanding the societal condition of __________.
postmodernity
Oscar donates a portion of his employment sick time to a workplace "sick bank" to help his coworkers every month, even though he himself has never needed extended sick time off from work. He does this because he knows people must be willing to donate even if they'll never need it in order for the sick-time donation bank to work. This is an example of a __________.
public goods dilemma
According to a commentator in the video, the wedding industry uses which of the following strategies to increase profits on wedding attire?
purposely selling oversized dresses that will require additional altering
What was the least popular source for news in every age category in 2010?
radio
Women in Taliban-ruled parts of Pakistan or Afghanistan are prohibited from participating in some of the most basic human activities, such as reading, going to school, and meeting together freely. The fact that it is very difficult for these women to form and sustain social movements can be best explained by which theory?
resource mobilization theory
Workers in both North Korea, which is under the rule of a repressive totalitarian dictatorship, and France, which has a tolerant and democratic government, are dissatisfied with working conditions and wages. Which theory would predict that a social movement addressing these issues would be much more likely to arise in France than in North Korea?
resource mobilization theory
An up-and-coming politician refuses to do television interviews or talk with newspaper journalists. She instead focuses on using Twitter and Facebook to cultivate a following and garner support. Her approach reflects the fact that __________.
social media has made it possible for politicians to bypass traditional media outlets to communicate with people
Publicly owned and operated schools, federally mandated health care coverage, and tax incentives for business are all examples of what?
socialist elements in the U.S. economy Tip: While capitalism and socialism are opposites in theory, neither exists in pure form. Although many businesses are privately owned, government interventions and programs constitute forms of socialism.
Connect the Data to Sociological Concepts: While there are many causes for differences in the white and black infant mortality rates, which of the following is the most significant?
socioeconomic status
Of the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text, which one suggests that social change occurs as a result of population growth and advancements in technology?
structural functionalism
Phil and his friend Veronica have a long-running argument about sports. Phil thinks sports are a waste of time and people should focus on more important things. Veronica argues that sports bring people together and create stronger relationships and communities. Veronica's perspective exemplifies which theoretical approach to recreation and leisure?
structural functionalism
Virginia has a severe head cold so instead of making dinner as usual for her family, she opts to go to bed early. Virginia's family understands and accepts that she is not fulfilling her typical responsibilities because she is ill. This is known as the "sick role." Consider the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical approach might be used to understand this example?
structural functionalism
Which of the different theoretical perspectives considered throughout the text might explore the ways in which designating and redefining animals of a given species as endangered changes the way people interact with and treat them?
symbolic interactionism
When he worked in the office alongside his co-workers and supervisor, Nikola just had to show up for eight hours and everyone thought he was productive. However, now that he works remotely, he feels he has to prove he's been working by getting projects done and sending them to his boss, and he has actually become more productive as a result. Nikola's experience is an example of one of the benefits of __________.
telecommuting Tip: Nikola is not working at a traditional office or work site but is still able to complete all the tasks assigned by the company as a telecommuter. Telecommuting has been found to have some benefits, including greater worker productivity.
What medium was the dominant source for national and international news in the United States in 2010?
television
Human action, natural disasters, technological innovations, and demographic factors are all sources of social change. What does this suggest about social change as a whole?
that it is happening all the time
Making it unlawful for monopolies to occur in media outlets helps to ensure __________.
that multiple perspectives can be conveyed
Many people often see high culture and popular culture as separate categories that are straightforward, fixed, and unchanging. Sociology, however, considers the distinction between high and popular culture to be based on __________
the characteristics of their audiences
Pangri wanted a new cell phone. Her parents told her she didn't need a new cell phone because her old phone still worked, even though it lacked many common smartphone features. Pangri became angry and shouted at her parents, "Technological determinism is part of this society and I need a new phone!" What was she referring to?
the idea that technology plays a defining and critical role in shaping society
The MOST DRAMATIC change that has occurred in the realm of work since the Information Revolution has been __________.
the increase of information work and the decrease of manual labor work Tip: Just as the Industrial Revolution ushered in huge changes around manual labor, the Information Revolution has initiated changes in the nature of work itself. Manual labor, even the operation of a piece of machinery, has declined, while the use of information technologies has skyrocketed.
Pauline stays home from school because she has the flu and a high fever. Her mother expects her to stay in bed and rest but instead she goes out for a run. Pauline is not conforming to __________.
the sick role.
Corporations such as Coca-Cola and General Electric, which are embedded in countries throughout the world and have a significant impact on the global economy, are referred to as __________.
transnational corporations Tip: These firms purposefully transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured, distributed, marketed, and sold from many bases all over the world. In addition, these corporations avail themselves of widely differing tax laws in order to maximize profits to investors.
Another expert stated something akin to humans tend to view the world from a __________- perspective, therefore, we are exploited by manipulative social media-based information maneuvers. a) primal b) neural c) tribal d) functional
tribal
Which sociological concept suggests that there are distinctive characteristics about urban social life, which in turn might explain age differences among residents in urban vs. suburban areas?
urbanism
The mosquito population increases as rain and heat become more prevalent, and as a result tends to spread disease more during this time. Mosquitos are an example of __________.
vector organisms
US Workforce Quiz: True or False: In 2014, the GDP of the United States was more than twice the GDP of the country with the next largest economy. (Check out Table 11.1 in you textbook if you do not remember.) a) TRUE b) FALSE
~ False ~ The table 11.1 in the text book shows 2017 not 2014