Sociology Chapters 9-12
Gender is biologically natural.
false
A same-sex couple holding hands or kissing in public may receive disapproving looks or even abusive comments from other people. This is an example of
homophobia
The sociological perspective of ________ is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives.
symbolic interactionism
The phenomenon of women being more likely than men to live in poverty is called
the feminization of poverty.
The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called
globalization
An elementary school student notices that exhibiting good behavior and following the instructions of the teacher can go a long way to earning him decent grades in school. This example highlights what sociological term about the education system?
hidden curriculum
According to the text, ________ is one of several reasons people live their lives unmarried.
the single lifestyle
________ is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members.
Education
Textbooks often still contain sexist language and gender stereotypes. In the social structure of the school itself, women tend to be concentrated at the lower levels, as teachers and aides, while men tend to occupy upper-management and administrative positions. Which concept do these patterns MOST reinforce?
gender role socialization
The large-scale social change making celebrity politicians more popular is the increasing
importance of television.
The ability to impose one's will on another is called
power
An example of a primary sex characteristic is
reproductive organs.
The Industrial Revolution began in the
1700s
________ is the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.
Feminism
The most consistent factor involved in forming relationships and selecting mates is
the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age.
What do workers have available to sell in a capitalist system?
their own labor
A person's biological sex and gender identity often match, but this is not always the case.
true
Approximately half of all millennials say that marrying someone of a different race is good for society.
true
Educational systems can help to reproduce systems of inequality.
true
For a couple to be considered a nuclear family, it must have at least one child, and all members live in the same household.
true
Improvised or do-it-yourself forms of family characterize the modern era.
true
Religion is any institutionalized system of shared beliefs and rituals that identify a relationship between the sacred and profane.
true
Sexuality relates to sexual behavior, desires, and fantasies as well as sexual orientation or identity.
true
The power elite consists of a group of individuals who are in leadership positions within the economy, politics, and the military.
true
The U.S. Census Bureau defines "family" as
two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household.
What is a term for someone who labels themselves "spiritual but not religious"?
unchurched
A person is MOST likely to be murdered by
a family member.
An example of a secondary sex characteristic is
body hair
Who does the family influence as an agent of socialization?
everyone
An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called
a union
What is a sweatshop?
a workplace with poor working conditions, below-standard wages, and long hours
Authoritarianism is defined as a government ruled by a king or queen.
false
Education is a way in which society transmits knowledge, but not values or expectations.
false
Most individuals experience an increase in happiness when they become parents, especially in the first two years of a newborn's life.
false
Rape culture is unique to college campuses.
false
The likelihood of individuals cohabitating with one another has declined modestly since 1996.
false
Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of
fictive kin.
A society that separates church and state is a(n) ________ society.
secular
Men usually make more money than women because
socially constructed categories of employment lead to larger numbers of men than women in many lucrative jobs.
For most sociologists, what is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is biological; gender is social.
Why would a company outsource or contract out labor it might otherwise employ its own staff to perform?
It is cheaper.
Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?
It provides its supporters with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live.
What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?
They are all social institutions.
A woman is married to another woman. She is attracted to her wife, but she is also attracted to men. In the past, she has dated both women and men. How would this woman MOST likely identify?
bisexual
A benefit of telecommuting is that
businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days.
Strikes are different from acts of resistance like daydreaming on the job because they are
collective
________ is the physical and legal responsibility for the everyday life and routines of children.
custody
Schools that blend high school and college are called
early college high schools.
What kind of task is calling a family member to wish them a happy birthday?
expressive
An individual's sex refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality characteristics considered normal, while their gender relates to membership in a distinct, biological category.
false
Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called a(n) ________ worker.
knowledge
What percentage of families consisted of a married couple with a male breadwinner, a stay-at-home mom, and their children as of 2012?
less than 25 percent
Religions that worship one divine figure are considered
monotheistic
A heterosexual couple raising their children in the same household is defined as a(n) ________ family.
nuclear
Beyond just money, the economy is about
the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.