Sociology Exam 2

__________ theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in a society.

Functionalist

A(n) __________ status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.

Achieved

A(n) __________ status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.

Ascribed

__________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination and subordination.

Conflict

At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms.

Macrolevel

Jane defines herself first and foremost as a student. For Jane, being a student is considered her _________ status.

Master

__________ include our family, close friends, and school- or work-related peer groups.

Primary groups

The expectations for being a college student include attending class, completing assignments, and involvement in campus activities. These expectations are an example of a __________.

Role

It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? This is an example of __________.

Role ambiguity

Charles has a final exam in the evening at a time when he is supposed to be working. That same evening Stephanie (his girlfriend) wants him to take her to a movie. To top it off, his mother calls, asking him to fly home because his father is going to have emergency surgery. Sociologists would say that Charles is very likely experiencing __________.

Role conflict

__________ occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity.

Role exit

For any particular status, __________ refers to how a person actually behaves within their role.

Role performance

Cameron is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, while at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Jack is experiencing _________.

Role strain

Schools, churches, and corporations are examples of __________ groups.

Secondary groups

The sociological term for the process by which people act toward and respond to other people, and which is considered the foundation for all relationships and groups in society, is __________.

Social Interaction

Amber is a first grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a Presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined positions constitute her __________.

Status set

Wearing a wedding ring proclaims that a person is married, owning a Rolls-Royce announces that one has "made it," and pushing a shopping cart is an indicator that one is homeless. These are examples of __________.

Status symbols

Teacher, student, professional athlete, rock musician, and homeless person are all examples of __________.

Statuses

The sociological term for any physical or social attribute or sign that devalues a person's social identity and disqualifies that person from full social acceptance is __________.

Stigma