Sociology Final

What do large numbers of people form when they come together?

A crowd

In order for a collective behavior to be considered a social movement it must have:

All of the above

Why don't the poor participate in social movements more often?

All of the above

What evidence shows that women's crime rate is related to social structure?

As women have gained greater power in the labor market, female arrest rates have increased.

How can social dilemma be solved?

By changing the behaviors of the people involved.

Because laws represent the interests of those in power, typically crimes committed by the upper classes are treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower class. This argument is consistent with:

Conflict theory

What school of social theory argues that punishments for rule violates are unequally distributed, with those near the top of society subject to more lenient rules and sanctions than those at the bottom?

Conflict theory

What do we call norm violations that are codified into law.

Crime

In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant must:

Depart from a norm and generate negative reaction

What do sociologists call tendency for individuals to age out of criminal activity?

Desistance

Which of the following is an example of how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.

Why was imprisonment such a rare type of punishment up until the nineteenth century?

Earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons.

The relatively short-lived enthusiasm for leg warmers during the 1980s was an example of a:

Fad

The author of your textbook is Nanda Warms.

False

The idea of the rollercoaster of idolization is mostly applicable to the 'rule breakers' of professional athletes.

False

The main source of media used to target consumers with advertising used to be newspapers.

False

The most popular brand that can be found on Facebook is McDonalds.

False

The published of your textbook is Wadsworth.

False

The suicide belt in the United States can be found in the Midwest region.

False

When breaking social norms both men and women react in the same way.

False

According to Jack Katz in his book seductions of crime, why might teenagers shoplift?

For the sneaky thrill of getting away with breaking rules.

According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who don't believe they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have:

In-group orientation

A group established to influence government policy is called a:

Interest group

According to Zen sociology Barney McGrane, what effect does television have on individuals?

It makes life seem dull and isolates people.

In what sense is it now possible for a country to be "occupied" by an invisible invader that arrives through the airways and wireless networks?

It's almost impossible to block foreign countries' satellite broadcasts and internet remissions.

To what extent do the poorest members of American society participate in social movements?

Less so than any other class

Fashion is a type of:

Mass behavior

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

Meidung, or shunning, a process whereby no one within the community will associate or even talk with a rule breaker for a set period of time.

The information revolution is transforming Western society from:

Modern to postmodern

According to labeling theory, why were none of the pseudo-patients in David Rosenhan's study "On Being Sane in Insane Places" discovered?

Once a person has been labeled "mentally ill" it is very hard for someone to see past this label.

Focusing on ideas and cultural debates rather than on material things, and questioning the achievements of science and technology are both characteristic features of:

Postmodernity

Which of the following is true regarding prison as a mechanism for punishing crime?

Prison was rarely used before the nineteenth century.

If a social movement works to resist some particular kind of social change, or even to roll back certain elements of change, they are said to be:

Regressive

In recent years, salsa has overtaken ketchup as America's most popular condiment. This is an example of:

Social change

The transformation of culture over time is called:

Social change

What do sociologists call behaviors that are rational for any given individual, but that leads to disaster for the entire group?

Social dilemmas

Periods of time in which social change happens so rapidly that whole societies are dramatically redefined are called:

Social revolutions

Robert Merton developed a structural strain theory to explain why deviance happens. What sort of strain is he referring to?

Strain between socially approved goals and the means an individual ahs for realizing them.

The uneven distribution of technology between different parts of a society or the world is called:

The digital divide

W.I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real, then ___"

They are real in their consequences.

What did Verta Taylor and Lila Rupp do in order to gain a naturalistic understanding of drag queens for their book drag queens in the 801 cabaret?

Took the stage and performed with the drag queens they were studying.

According to some surveys of teenagers, it was found that they pay more attention to advertisements that are not on the internet than they do to those that are on the internet.

True

According to the presentation consumers in the United States spend $1700.00/yr. on health apparel and products.

True

Nearly 2% of deaths around the world are due to suicide and most can be attributed to political struggles.

True

One of the negative aspects of social media is that seems to be damaging face to face communication as nearly 90% of communication is done non-verbally.

True

The Western world has more incidents of celebrity obsession than does the Eastern world.

True

The practice of what we now term 'urban legends' can be attributed to oral retellings of stories from one individual to another.

True

There are no federal or state protections for adults against being bullied in the workplace.

True

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Violations of social norms

Although branding is no longer used as a form of punishment in the United States, some subcultures have adopted it as a form of body art. This demonstrates that:

What is considered deviant changes over time.