Sociology Final (Exam 1)

Explain to the benefits noted in the textbook and lecture and using the sociological perspective.

1. Allows us to live in a diverse society. 2. Allows us to have and/or know the four different types of truths. (Beliefs, Perspective of regular individual, Perspective of expert, Facts)

While every culture is different, list the four common components identified and provide a brief definition of each.

1. Symbols- anything that carries a meaning (ex. Flag) 2. Language- a way of people in a culture to communicate (Nonverbal, Verbal, Written) 3. Values/Beliefs- let people believe and/or desire (ex. Money, Loyalty, Family) 4. Norms- Rules and regulations (Laws, Mores, Folkways)

The dominant values of the U.S culture share which of the following?

A belief in individually

When a sociologist conducts research there are five principles that must be followed, commonly referred to as the

ASA Code of Ethics

Multiculturalism is defined as

An educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S and promoting equality of all cultural traditions

Sociologists define a symbol as

Ask thing that carries meaning to people who share a culture

Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development if sociology's structural-functional approach

Auguste Comte, Robert Merton, Herbert Spencer

George Murdock noted that _____ exists as patterns, traits, and institutions, and are common among all societies

Cultural universals

________, is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life.

Culture

_______ refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system according to William Ogburn.

Culture lag

Which of the following does not help to generate cultural change?

Death

Robert Merton identified three types of functions within society: manifest, latent, and _________.

Dysfunctional

The pioneering sociologist who studies patterns (social facts) of suicide in Europe was

Emile Durkheim

Sociology relies on systematic procedures to understand behavior rather than relying on

Facts

Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were married to important sociologists. True/False

False

The sociological perspective reveals that people's lives are mostly result of what they decide to do. True/False

False

__________, early sociologist who illustrated the structural functional paradigm to the human body.

Herbert Spencer

Ethnocentrism refers to

Judging another culture using the standards of your own culture

Consequences of social patterns which are unrecognized and unintended identified by Robert Merton are called

Latent Functions

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value free was

Max Weber

The intangible world of ideas created by the members of a society is referred to as

Non material culture

A basic image of society that guides thinking and research is the definition for

Positivism

By stating that the sociological perspective show us "the strange in the familiar" the text argues that sociologists

Reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives

What are the two criteria for sociological research?

Reliability and validity

Comte described human societies transitioning through stages of societal historical development and ending with which stage?

Scientific Stage

Which sociological research method saves the time and expense of data gathering, but the researcher has no control over the possible data bias?

Secondary analysis

Sociology is not involved in stereotyping because

Sociologists do not carelessly apply any generalization to everyone and Sociologists base their generalizations on available facts

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

Sociology

________ is the way of understanding the world based on science, or the path to knowledge as coined by Auguste Comte.

Sociology

Which theoretical approach states that the stability of the U.S society rests in core values shares by most people?

Symbolic Interaction

What term refers to any change in as subjects behavior caused by the awareness of being studied?

The Hawthorne effect

Mores are norms that have great moral significance. True/False

True

The Sapir- Whorf thesis states that the language to use shapes reality we perceive. True/False

True

The sociologist recognizes that there are various kinds of 'truth'. True/False

True

The social-conflict approach draws attention to

patterns of social inequality discovered in gender, social class, and race

Humans stand out among all forms of life as the only species that

relies on culture to ensure survival

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is

the product of people interacting in everyday situations