Sociology Final (Exam 1)
Explain to the benefits noted in the textbook and lecture and using the sociological perspective.
1. Allows us to live in a diverse society. 2. Allows us to have and/or know the four different types of truths. (Beliefs, Perspective of regular individual, Perspective of expert, Facts)
While every culture is different, list the four common components identified and provide a brief definition of each.
1. Symbols- anything that carries a meaning (ex. Flag) 2. Language- a way of people in a culture to communicate (Nonverbal, Verbal, Written) 3. Values/Beliefs- let people believe and/or desire (ex. Money, Loyalty, Family) 4. Norms- Rules and regulations (Laws, Mores, Folkways)
The dominant values of the U.S culture share which of the following?
A belief in individually
When a sociologist conducts research there are five principles that must be followed, commonly referred to as the
ASA Code of Ethics
Multiculturalism is defined as
An educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S and promoting equality of all cultural traditions
Sociologists define a symbol as
Ask thing that carries meaning to people who share a culture
Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development if sociology's structural-functional approach
Auguste Comte, Robert Merton, Herbert Spencer
George Murdock noted that _____ exists as patterns, traits, and institutions, and are common among all societies
Cultural universals
________, is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life.
Culture
_______ refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system according to William Ogburn.
Culture lag
Which of the following does not help to generate cultural change?
Death
Robert Merton identified three types of functions within society: manifest, latent, and _________.
Dysfunctional
The pioneering sociologist who studies patterns (social facts) of suicide in Europe was
Emile Durkheim
Sociology relies on systematic procedures to understand behavior rather than relying on
Facts
Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were married to important sociologists. True/False
False
The sociological perspective reveals that people's lives are mostly result of what they decide to do. True/False
False
__________, early sociologist who illustrated the structural functional paradigm to the human body.
Herbert Spencer
Ethnocentrism refers to
Judging another culture using the standards of your own culture
Consequences of social patterns which are unrecognized and unintended identified by Robert Merton are called
Latent Functions
The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value free was
Max Weber
The intangible world of ideas created by the members of a society is referred to as
Non material culture
A basic image of society that guides thinking and research is the definition for
Positivism
By stating that the sociological perspective show us "the strange in the familiar" the text argues that sociologists
Reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives
What are the two criteria for sociological research?
Reliability and validity
Comte described human societies transitioning through stages of societal historical development and ending with which stage?
Scientific Stage
Which sociological research method saves the time and expense of data gathering, but the researcher has no control over the possible data bias?
Secondary analysis
Sociology is not involved in stereotyping because
Sociologists do not carelessly apply any generalization to everyone and Sociologists base their generalizations on available facts
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?
Sociology
________ is the way of understanding the world based on science, or the path to knowledge as coined by Auguste Comte.
Sociology
Which theoretical approach states that the stability of the U.S society rests in core values shares by most people?
Symbolic Interaction
What term refers to any change in as subjects behavior caused by the awareness of being studied?
The Hawthorne effect
Mores are norms that have great moral significance. True/False
True
The Sapir- Whorf thesis states that the language to use shapes reality we perceive. True/False
True
The sociologist recognizes that there are various kinds of 'truth'. True/False
True
The social-conflict approach draws attention to
patterns of social inequality discovered in gender, social class, and race
Humans stand out among all forms of life as the only species that
relies on culture to ensure survival
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is
the product of people interacting in everyday situations