Sociology Final Review

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women? a. Functionalist Perspective b. Conflict Perspective c. Interactionalist perspective d. Labeling perspective

B. Conflict Perspective

The family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States T/F

True

Prejudice is a(n) ______ ; discrimination is a(n)_______. a. belief; action b. action; belief c. action; action d. belief; belief

a belief; action

Although it does not explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit? a. Functionalist Perspective b. Conflict Perspective c. Interactionalist Perspectve d. Global Perpective

a. Functionalist Perspective

which of the following terms refers to the phenomenon whereby massive amounts of coverage result in becoming numb and failing to act on the information regardless of how compelling the issue was presented? a. Narcotizing function b. surveillance function c. gatekeeping d. hyper-consumerism

a. Narcotizing dysfunction

In sociological terms, which of the following is a minority group in the United States? a. women b. protestants c. whites d. catholics

a. Women

Susan owns and profits from her own business. She is part of a capitalist class, which is also referred to as a a. bourgeoisie b. proletariate c. peasant d. oligarch

a. bourgeoisie

Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on a. class differentiation b. achieved status c. the protestant work d. religious factors

a. class differentiation

An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) a. formal sanction b. value c. informal norm d. norm

a. formal sanction

The variable that is hypothesized to cause of influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n): a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. spurious variable d. operational variable

a. independent variable

Which of the following statements about slavery is true? a. it is considered the most extreme form of social inequality b. The only recorderd examples of slavery occured in the US and in ancient Greece c. Slavery was considered a permanent status in Greece d. Slavery in the US was consiered an achieved status

a. it is considered the most extreme form of social inequality

The conflict perspective holds that social institutions a. maintain the privelages of the powerful individuals and groups within a society b. preserve order and inequality c. train personnel equitably d. provde and maintain a sense of basic fairness

a. maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society

Sociologists have identified five basic properties - unequal treatment, physical r cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriages - to describe a. minority groups b. racial groups c. ethnic groups d. polarization

a. minority groups

Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations a. the advent of multinational corporations b. global inequality c. the legacy of capitalism d. industrialization

a. the advent of multinational corporations

Colonialism is defined as a. the maintenance of political, social, economic, an cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power of an extended period b. an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain c. the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristics of more developed societies d. continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries

a. the maintenance of political, social, economic, an cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power of an extended period

Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as a. values b. folkways c. mores d. sanctions

a. values

Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males or females a. expressiveness b. gender roles c. gender schema d. instrumentality

b. Gender Roles

Which term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? a. ethnic group b. racial group c. social group d. Reference Group

b. Racial group

Neo-Colonism is defined as the a. maintanence of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people b a power for an extended period of time, such as French control over major parts of North Africa b. continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries c. Invasion of third World countries by the military forces of the US or Russia since 1965 d. Approach by whcih industrialized nations continue to eploit developing countries for their own gain

b. continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries

In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between a. separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests b. economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests c. different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests d. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests

b. economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called a. norms b. material culture c. nonmaterial culture d. values

b. material culture

John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a a. more b. sanction c. norm d. law

b. sanction

Which of the following terms refers to there way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? a. socialization b. social structure c. social interaction d. culture

b. social structure

The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as a. social equality b. glass escalator c. feminism d. none of these answers are correct

c. Feminism

After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? a. define the problem b. generate ideas for future research c. Formulate a hypothesis d. choose a research design

c. Formulate a hypothesis

Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time? a. monogamy b. plurality c. polygyny d. polyandry

c. Polygyny

An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as a. differential association b. exploitation c. a stereotype d. institutional discrimination

c. a stereotype

A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society a. from the perspective of personal experience b. from the perspective of cultural biases c. as an outsider d. as an insider

c. as an outsider

A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of Southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, customs, and values of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of a. xenocentrism b. ethnocentrism c. cultural relativism d. cultural deconstruction

c. cultural relativism

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm are superior to all others is called: a. culture shock b. cultural relativism c. ethnocentrism d. value stability

c. ethnocentrism

You walk into your women's studies class, and you look at the person sitting to your left. He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? a. his age b. his marital status c. his gender d. his interest in tennis

c. his gender

Any group or category to which people might feel they belong is called a(n) a.dyad b. triad c. in-group d. out-group

c. in-group

The established standards of behavior maintained by a society are referred to as a. symbols b. santions c. norms d. argots

c. norms

A woman doing which of the following would be a violation of the female gender role? A. wearing acrylic nails b. crying in public c. talking knowledgeably about cars d. babysitting

c. talking knowledgeably about cars

Capitalism is an economic system in which a. the means of production are distribution are collectively owned. b. all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce c. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit d. the means of production are largely in public sector hands are collectively owned

c. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit

Social interaction is a. the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups b. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships c. the ways in which people respond to one another d. a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefor indirectly to still more people

c. the ways in which people respond to one another

Deviance is behavior that a. always violates the laws of a society b. is always illegal c. violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society d. is always anomic

c. violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the: a. experimental group b. representative group c. study group d. control group

d. Control group

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carries messages to widespread audiences? a. Transmitters b. Opinion Leaders c. Mass Media d. Narcotizers

d. Narcotizers

Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaer and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is a form of a (n) a. norm b. folkway c. formal sanction d. informal sanction

d. informal sanction

Developing nations define poverty as a. the total number of people on welfare b. the average salary wage c. the number of people in the nation divided by the total income earned d. the minimum income a person needs to survive

d. the minimum income a person needs to survive

The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as a. culture b. society c. socialization d. social structure

a. culture

Males are expected to dominate family decision making is a(n) a.matriarchy b. patriarchy c. neological society d. egalitarian society

a. matriarchy

Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as a. microsociology b.interactionism c. macrosociology d. dramaturgy

a. micro sociology

Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences? a. Functionalist perspective b. Conflict Perspective c. Interactionist Perspective d. Feminist Perspective

A. Functionalist Perspective

An ethnic group is a group a. that is set apart from others because of physical differences b. that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns c. whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group d. that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life

B. That is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest the multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise? a. Functionalist Perspective b. Conflict Perspective c. Interactionist Perspective d. Feminist Perspective

a. Functionalist Perspective

Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability a. Functionalist Perspective b. Conflict Perspective c. Interactionalist Perspective d. Global Perspective

a. Functionalist Perspective

Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions? a.Functionalist perspective b. conflict persective c. interactionalist perspective d. anomie perspective

a. Functionalist perspective

Which of the following best defines a family? a. a set of people related by blood, marriage, or some other agreed upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society. b.a married couple and their unmarried children living together c. two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring d. a group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together

a. a set of people related by blood, marriage, or some other agreed upon relationship, or adoption, who share the same responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society.

the self is the a. distinct identity that sets us apart from others b. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of a society as a whole c. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations, of the people who are most important in his or her life d. Person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.

a. distinct identity that sets us apart from others

Gender roles are a. expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females b. the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females c. universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females d. the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body hair.

a. expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

The role of a social institution from a functionalist perspective is to a. meet basic socialt needs b. foster everyday behavior c. preserve autonomy d. influence the masses

a. meet basic social needs

Role Exit is defined as a. the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity b. a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person c. a difficulty that occurs when inompatable expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual d. a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position

a. the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity

Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? a. watching a televised funeral procession b. watching and listening to a celine dion video c. watching and listening to a televised cable newscast d. watching a televised execution of a mass murder

a. watching a televised funeral procession

The discipline of sociology was given its name by the french theorist a. Emile Durkheim b. Auguste Comte c. Harriet Martineau d. Marcel Marceau

b. Auguste Compte

Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification a. class, caste, and power b. class, status, and power c. class, caste, and age d. class, prestige, and esteem

b. Class, status, and power

Control theory states that we a. are bonded to members of our subculture, and if they engage in deviant behavior, we use the as role models and act in the same manner b. are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers, in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society c. are "convinced" to act in a law-abiding manner because of the "control" that law enforcement agencies have over our lives d. Act in a conforming manner because of self-control

b. are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers, in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society

A primary group is a small group that is a. characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding b. characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation c. used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior d. characterized by impersonality and face to face associations

b. characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation

Sociology is considered a science because sociologists a. teach at respected universities b. engage in organized and systemic study of phenomena to enhance understanding c. receive government funding for research projects d. consturct middle-range theories to explain social behvaior

b. engage in organizes and systemic study of phenomena to enhance understanding

Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to a. an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position b. the reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation c. a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. d. the respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society

c. a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change.

A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of: a. the dramaturgical approach b. social promotion c. socialization d. role taking

c. socialization

In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of a. cultures b. countercultures c. subcultures d. contracultures

c. subcultures

Socialization is the process... a. of mentally assuming the perspective of another b. of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life c. whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture d. whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers

c. whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture

A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called a. socialization b. status c. social structure d. social inequality

d. Social inequality

Which sociologists saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? a. Karl Marx b. Erving Goffman c. Max Weber d. Talcott Parsons

d. Talcott Parsons

Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? a. They are a place to meet future husbands or wives b. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively c. they help to maintain economic staus quo in the United States d. They prepare students for post-college careers

d. They prepare students for post-college careers

Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying social work. Which of the following is his achieve status a. social worker b. male c. african american d. college student

d. college student

According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that a. controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations. b Has marginal economic salary wage c. is a poor, developing nation divided by the total income earned d. is considered a third- world country

a. controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations.

Functionalists view gender roles in which of the following ways? a. gender roles assist in keeping women oppressd within the family structure b. gender roles hae a bias towards male power c. gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance d. gender roles are not necessary

b. Gender roles have a Bias towards male power.

The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience is referred to as a. the dominant ideology b. gatekeeping c. the surveillance function d. the narcotizing dysfunction

b. gatekeeping

A research measure that provides consistent results is considered a. valid b. reliable c. an index d. a scale

b. reliable

Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthe. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her friends. This is an example of a. differential association and anomie b. Conformity and labeling c. Labling and social disorganization d. Differential association and conformity

d. Differential association and conformity

Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of a. impression management b. reverse socialization c. the looking glasss self d. the preparatory stage

the looking glass self