Sociology- Marriage and the Family Exam

The most common form of blended families is

a biological mother and the stepfather.

The binuclear family is best described as

a family in which members live in to different households.

________ occur(s) when one gender has a more limited pool of eligible marriage partners to select from.

a marriage squeeze

Responses to a magazine survey are an example of

a non-representative sample

Which of the following stepfamily relationships have the most difficult time adjusting?

a woman with children marrying a man whose children live with him full time

A ________ family is a family in which former spouses and children live in two different households.

binuclear

Which of the following types of stepfamilies is most common?

biological mother-stepfather family

Which of the following stages of living together comes first?

blending

A form of arranged marriage in which the couple meets for the first time on their wedding day is called

blind marriage

In medieval times, merchants and other propertied men sold their daughters in arranged marriages to men who paid a

bride price

An antidivorce contract to reinforce marriage commitment is called a(n)

covenant marriage

The socially learned attitudes and behaviors associated with being male or female are called

gender roles

Applying the research findings of a particular sample to the larger population is known as

generalization

Among the following characteristics from Panel 8.3, what variable was cited as the most important for a successful marriage?

good sexual relationships

The tendency to marry up with regard to age, social class, and occupational success is called

hypergamy

________ are factors or behaviors that can be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter.

independent variables

Research suggests a person's happiness level is

influenced by both genetics and environment.

Which of the following research methods is used least?

observational research

Marital equity is defined as

partners giving in proportion to what they receive

Men feeling the need to "control" their women by any means necessary is an example of

patriarchal terrorism

Working husbands and wives both cited ________ as the most important item for a successful marriage.

sharing of household chores

The ________ perspective explains that people seek to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs in their interactions with others.

social exchange

From the standpoint of _____________, production of offspring is the most important reason for marriage.

society

A person who is temperamentally suited to another as a best friend, a confidant, and a romantic partner is called a

soul mate

________ is an arrangement where committed couples exchange partners for recreational sex.

swinging

The cause of a cohabiting relationship that is a trial marriage is

testing

The swelling number of Americans between the ages of 48 and 66 is due to

the Baby Boom

Propinquity is defined as

the geographical closeness of partners

An invisible barrier that prevents employed individuals from being promoted to top positions is called

the glass ceiling

Feminist scholar Jessie Bernard believed that women were oppressed by

the institution of marriage

The poverty line is officially defined as

the minimum level of income considered necessary for individual and family needs.

Stepism is

the prejudice and discrimination against stepfamilies.

Socialization is

the process by which we learn the attitudes and beliefs of our culture.

Total marriages are

those in which intensely bound couples share all aspects of their lives.

According to the text, the "traditional" definition of family includes

those related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

A person who "feels trapped in the opposite sex's body" and has a sex change operation is a(n)

transsexual

The theory of love that emphasizes the interaction of intimacy, passion, and commitment is

triangular theory

Desertion is when one spouse abandons the other spouse or family.This most often happens due to economic hardships and is particularly difficult because the courts cannot intervene unless the whereabouts of the deserting spouse are known. The deserted spouse is also not allowed to remarry until a specified number of years have passed.

true

Approximately 80% of cohabiting couples are

under the age of 45.

The presence of bias is a concern when assessing a measurement's

validity

More than 92% of victims of family violence reported to the police are

women

In 1919, the women's movement achieved

women's right to vote

Which of the following constitutes building family rituals in a blended family?

-creating new rituals that stem from the past -developing new ways of doing things, from vacations to chores -decorating the house for a holiday in a special way (All of the above)

The average age of the sister in stepbrother/stepsister incest is about

11

It is apparent from the family life cycle model that a couple will devote themselves to childbearing and child rearing for about ______ years.

20-28

The percentage of single adults in the U.S. increased to ________ by 2000.

25.5%

________ of intimate couples admitted to cursing and threatening their partner.

3/4

Of families living in poverty in 2009, approximately ________ were headed by women with no husband present.

30%

Approximately ________ of women marry their live-in mates.

33%

The U.S. ranks ________ compared to other industrial nations in infant mortality rates.

47th

A University of Michigan study found that in 2006, ________ of college students planned to move back to their parents' homes after graduation.

48%

49% of cohabiting couples will end their relationship within

5 years

For every 1% increase in unemployment African American communities experienced about a

5% increase in infant mortality rates

In Panel 12.5, what percentage of income did the highest fifth of the U.S. population have?

50%

A research study by Harvard University and the Kaiser Family Foundation in 2001 found ________ of white Americans were accepting of interracial marriages.

53%

Between 1990 and 2000, biracial marriages increased

65%

________ of remarriages involve children.

65%

Nearly ________ of those respondents in a Gallup poll stated that, given a chance to start over, they would have tried to learn more about other career options.

66%

Currently, about ________ of American couples cohabit without marriage

8%

In 2006, approximately ________ of American women age 35 or older gave birth to their first child.

8%

Passionate love was found in ________ of 166 societies studied.

89%

What is meant by a legal divorce?

A legal divorce is the termination of a marriage and the reorganization of legal duties under the supervision of law. It usually requires a court and lots of paperwork. Some issues that are discussed in a legal divorce are alimony, child support, child custody, division of property, and sharing of debt.

What is celibacy and when did it become important?

Celibacy is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, abstinent, or both. It can be for personal choices, but it is usually for religious reasons. It is considered mandatory for priests. It became important in the twelfth century, when the Catholic Church took a stand in favor of celibacy and passed a rule forbidding priests to marry.

According to a 2010 Pew Research Center study, 93% of members of the _______________ Generation approve of blacks and whites dating.

Millennial

________ suggests singles can be classified according to whether their single status is by choice or not.

Peter Stein

Which of the following is a role played by grandparents?

-wizard -mentor -historian (All of the above)

A risk factor associated with family violence is

-youth. -low income status. -belief in traditional gender roles. (All of the above)

________ are more likely to socialize their children in gender stereotypic ways.

Fathers

________ is the term used to describe people in a brief physical sexual encounter with one another.

"hooking up"

In 2007, the median net worth for non-white or Hispanic families was

$27,800.

Which of the following groups have strong grandparental influences due to an extended kinship networks?

-African Americans -Hispanics -Native Americans (All of the above)

Which of the following is true of cohabiting relationships?

-Both partners are expected to work. -Partners tend to maintain separate finances. -Women do not assume as much housework as compared to wives. (All of the above)

Which of the following statements about homosexual relationships and violence is correct?

-Lesbian victims are more likely to fight back than are straight women. -Gay men are less abusive toward their partners than are heterosexual men toward theirs. -Lesbians who batter are more apt to seek treatment than are gays who batter. (All of the above)

Which of the following is a purpose of engagements?

-to publicly make a commitment -to plan the date and nature of the wedding ceremony -to prepare to expand family ties (All of the above)

________ arrange introductions between prospective couples for a fee.

-Marriage bureaus -Mail order bride services -Video dating services (All of the above)

Which of the following are risk factors for child abuse?

-Parents have a history of being physically punished as children. -Alcohol or drug abuse is present in the home. -Parents have unrealistic expectations for their children at certain ages. (All of the above)

Which of the following affects the higher divorce rate of remarriages?

-Remarried partners have less social support. -Stepchildren compete for their biological parents' attention. -Remarried partners are less fearful of divorce. (All of the above)

Which of the following are reasons women cite for not leaving their abusive partners?

-They fear continued violence. -They fear being alone. -They still love their partners. (All of the above)

The biochemical theory states

-an evolutionary argument to love and attraction. -brain chemicals and hormones cause attraction. -the levels of intensity caused by hormones and brain chemicals are not long lasting. (All of the above)

Unemployment can cause

-an opportunity to explore new career opportunities. -emotional shock. -physical disorders such as headaches and fatigue (All of the above)

Children of teen parents

-are more at risk for failing in school. -are more at risk for substance abuse. -are more likely to have problems with the law (All of the above)

Traditional gender roles

-are predictable. -limit and discriminate against both gender groups. -proscribe the responsibilities of each gender (All of the above)

Men who engage in physical and/or emotional aggression often

-come from homes where the fathers were abusive. -were sexually promiscuous as adolescents. -have traditional, stereotypic views of women. (All of the above)

Research on children and working mothers indicates

-the quality of childcare is an important factor. -the mother's sensitivity to her children's needs is most important. -government programs need to support families. (All of the above)

Reducing chances for sexual abuse in blended families includes

-curtailing some intimate behaviors such as cuddling with children over the age of 10. -insisting all family members remain properly dressed and not be scantily clad. -limit affectionate displays between the married partners to private, not public, times. (All of the above)

When countries' economies become more interdependent,

-families can suffer due to job loss to foreign markets. -globalization occurs. -families can benefits through more goods and services. (All of the above are true)

Research on how women escape from domestic violence shows that women will

-find a job to support themselves. -put their children in new schools. -sometimes return to their battering partners. (All of the above)

Which of the following contributed to the rise in the two-tier labor market?

-flexibility in business to develop new products -the ability of businesses to lay off surplus workers -technological innovations and advances (All of the above)

Stepparents

-have no legal rights. -may have to compete with their stepchildren for their spouses' attention. -do not have clear boundaries. (All of the above)

Which of the following criticisms of traditional male roles is true?

-higher expectations in the workforce leading to increased job-related stress -less time for family life -less ability to gain child custody in divorce (All of the above)

American girls are increasingly behaving more like boys, as evidenced by increases in the following behavior(s):

-increased drinking as compared to boys. -increased drug use as compared to boys

Pierre lives with his father, mother, brother, sister, grandmother, aunt, cousin, and godfather; Pierre lives with his

-kin. -extended family. -affiliated kin. (All of the above are correct)

The United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child states that every child under age 18 has the right to

-love -free education. -peace. (All of the above)

Sociologist Murray Strauss found which of the following effects linked to spanking children?

-lying -cheating in school -drug abuse (All of the above)

Which of the following is a safety technique to use in Internet dating?

-meet in a neutral location -ask for a photo -talk on the phone before meeting (All of the above)

Which of the following is a wrong reason for marriage?

-physical attractiveness -premarital pregnancy -parental pressure (All of the above)

Which of the following is an example of abuse in love relationships?

-physical harm or injury -withholding affection -insults (All of the above)

Which of the following characteristics can cause a decrease in marital satisfaction in the middle-age years of marriage?

-poor health -returning adult children -caring for elderly parents (All of the above)

Communal living includes

-roommates sharing housing. -group marriage. -polygamous marriage. (All of the above)

For men, becoming a father

-shifts their priorities to focus on becoming a good provider for their children. -is a moral transformation. -is a time of confusion over roles. (All of the above)

Which of the following is an important characteristic of partners in successful marriage?

-similar temperaments -shared interests -strong family ties on both sides (All of the above)

Which of the following are examples of magical thinking?

-taking Vitamin C to cure a cold -praying to heal sickness -linking crime to traditional family breakdown (All of the above)

Eros

-tends to fade over a period of time. -is an intensely passionate love where people believe in "love at first sight." -is usually replaced by companionate love. (All of the above)

Feminism in the 1960's arose in conjunction with

-the black civil rights movement. -the anti-Vietnam war activism. -the publication of The Feminine Mystique (All of the above)

Which of the following constitutes child sexual abuse?

-unnecessary exposure of private parts -unwanted kissing and hugging -intercourse (All of the above)

A style of love involving self-sacrifice is called

Agape

_________ is altruistic love.

Agape

Which of the following is an example of uncritical thinking?

All of the above basing a major decision on a tarot card reading donning a magnetic bracelet to improve balance wearing a crystal to ward off sickness

Which of the following is a disadvantage of cohabitation, according to the text?

Couples are less likely to stay and work out problems.

________ is/are a drawback of the traditional female role.

Dependence on others for happiness

________ is the cultural expectation that a person marry within his or her own social group in terms of race, religion, and social class.

Endogamy

Passionate love was called ________ among the Greeks.

Eros

Sexting and other new technologies have decreased the amount of cheating amongst intimate partners

False

According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

Happiness is linked to the ability to manage the natural desire to have more.

_______ refers to subjects in research studies that alter their behavior because they know they are being studied.

Hawthorne effect

___________ studies require the most time.

Longitudinal

________ is defined as caring for, commitment, and intimacy to another person.

Love

Autoeroticism

Masturbation and viewing pornography are examples of this or reading erotic literature

The 2001 American Religious Identification Survey found that the intermarriage rate was highest for

Muslims

Sole custody:

One parent has the child(ren) full time

Which of the following is a reason online romances fail?

Online sites stress superficiality

Explain the difference between split-custody and joint-custody.

Split-custody is when the family is divided between two parents. Each parent has full custody of at least one child. Sometimes siblings will be divided and live with different parents, or sometimes they will rotate living with each parent. Joint- custody is when custody rights of children are awarded to both parents. Both parents are considered custodial parents, and are considered equally important in the child's life. The child's legal place of residence is recognized as both parent's homes, and both parents share decision making rights regarding the children.

Which of the following states recognizes common-law marriages?

Texas

What is the "Sexual double standard" and where did it come from?

The sexual double standard is the theory that women are judged more harshly than men when engaging in sexual behaviors, especially casual sex or sex with multiple partners. Men are praised for it, but women are condemned as sluts. The sexual double standard stems from the sexist beliefs that have existed about women for centuries. Beliefs that males and females were very different, although they were false, strengthened that idea that a behavior considered acceptable for males could be considered unacceptable for females. Social ideas that females are supposed to be passive and that men are supposed to be dominant further enforced the sexual double standard because it was believed that women should not engage in sex by choice or enjoy it.

Why did many slave owners encourage slave breeding?

They needed a supply of slaves after slave imports were abolished.

According to the text the definition of human sexuality is the feelings, thoughts, attitudes, values and behaviors of humans learned through their environment

True

Cunnilingus and fellatio refer to oral stimulation of the genitals of females and males, respectively.

True

Heterosexism is the belief that homosexuality is morally wrong.

True

Most rapists are known to the victim, they are not random strangers

True

Sexual dysfunctions can be caused by anxiety or other psycho-social factors that impair people's ability to respond to sexual stimuli

True

Sexual identity and sexual orientation is linked to how we label ourselves: heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual.

True

President Clinton signed into law in 1996 the

Welfare Reform Act.

The ________ single refuses romantic or sexual contacts.

accommodationist

The most common form of rape is

acquaintance rape

According to the text, which group is identified as having the highest rate of committing elder abuse?

adult children

Hookups are linked to

alcohol consumption

According to Panel 15.4, what shape on the genogram indicates a deceased person?

an X

A worker who is allowed to work from 8:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. instead of 9:00 to 5:00 p.m. is an example of

an employee using flextime

Laws forbidding interracial marriage were called ________ laws.

anti-miscegenation

The branch of the men's movement that is conservative and wants to maintain male dominance is called the

antifeminist movement

Transnational marriages

are characteristic of many immigrant families.

Arranged marriages

are negotiated by families of the bride and groom

E.E. LeMasters and John DeFrain identified which of the following as the best, most effective parenting style?

athletic coach

The inclusion of stepparents with both biological parents as a part of a child's definition of their "real family" is an example of the ________ definition of family.

augmentation

Which of the following factors puts children at the greatest risk for abuse?

children from low-income families

Alcoholism affects the family in the following way:

children of alcoholics are more insecure and anxious. children of alcoholics have higher levels of conflict and dissatisfaction in their marriages in adult life.

________ theory purports that a two-year-old and a seven-year-old child will process gender role information differently.

cognitive development

Another name for dual-career couples living apart is

commuter marriages

Which of the following is mature love?

companionate love

According to the text, which of the following is a positive reason for marriage?

companionship

Dating that provides friendship and prevents isolation fulfills the ________ function of dating.

companionship

When boys play, they tend to emphasize

competition

Critical thinking requires

constant questioning

In the ________ type of cohabiting relationship, the man generally resists any attempts to get married.

convenience

Marital satisfaction ________ during the childrearing years.

decreases

________ is the payment of money or property by the bride's family to the groom's family.

dowry

The belief that one's culture, language and values are superior to all others is known as

ethnocentrism

Stereotypes are

exaggerated expectations about a category of people that do not apply to all individuals in the group.

Child sexual abuse by a non-family member is termed

extrafamilial abuse

A civil Annulment is the same as a religious annulment that is granted by the Catholic church

false

Alimony is money paid to one ex-spouse for the purposes of caring for the children.

false

Separation and desertion are different terms that mean the same thing.

false

The family into which one is born and raised is called a

family of orientation

Marriages that allow partners to change over time are

flexible

Homogamy is defined as occurring between those

from similar educational, ethnic, racial and social class backgrounds.

A(n) ________ family is when at least one child is the biological child of both parents and the other children are the biological children of one parent and are stepchildren to the other parent.

joint biological and stepfamily

Which of the follow occupations has the lowest concentration of female representation?

lawyers

When women feel they cannot do anything about their abusive situation, they are experiencing

learned helplessness.

Most people in the United States marry for

love

Abraham Maslow identified all of the following except _________ as one of the hierarchy of human needs.

marriage

According to C.G. Coll, an important factor to reduce stress for mothers with infants is to

mobilize her social support network of family and friends

The U. S. only recognizes which of the following forms of marriages as legal?

monogamy

According to Panel 15.1, what was the most important item middle-aged singles reported they liked about being single?

more personal freedom

The pattern of residence most often found in North America is ___________, while the pattern of residence most often found in the rest of the world is ____________.

neolocal / patrilocal

The brain chemical that causes feelings of euphoria and exhilaration when newly in love is called

phenylethylamine

William Goode identified all of the following except _________ as one of the four benefits of families.

physical security

Moderate negative emotional feelings experienced after childbirth are called

postpartum blues

Severe persistent symptoms of sadness after delivery are called

postpartum depression

Women of traditional backgrounds who are divorced are more likely to experience

poverty

Dating people who are geographically close to where you live or work is called

propinquity

A disadvantage of the interview type of survey research includes

researchers' inability to remain bias-free

The phase of marital violence in which minor conflicts occur is called the ________ phase.

rising tension

When a husband and wife do not have clear expectations concerning whose responsibility it is to do certain tasks like pick up the children at daycare, they experience

role ambiguity.

Full-time working women who feel frustrated because they cannot attend their children's school events are experiencing

role conflict