Sociology: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, & Class (Eighth edition)

3. Native Americans account for about ______% of the population.

a. 1.6

11. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans were a low-paid workforce in the rural sector of their regional economy. In this regard, they resembled ______.

a. African Americans

14. One way coercive acculturation was "achieved" was by sending American Indian children to boarding schools. Tribal languages, dress, and religion were forbidden and American Indian culture was generally disparaged. Which theory or hypothesis would most likely have predicted this?

a. Blauner hypothesis

8. ______ was the dominant ethical and moral system in traditional China.

a. Buddhism

12. The family wage is______.

a. a wage paid to male workers so they can support their family

6.The population of the United States is currently ______.

a. affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues

2. Native Americans living on reservations ______.

a. are among the poorest groups in U.S. society

12. In 1953, assimilationist forces won a victory when Congress passed a resolution calling for an end to the reservation system. The proposed policy, called ______, was intended to get the federal government "out of the Indian business."

d. termination

4. A small town experiences a wave of anti-minority group violence in the weeks following the announcement of massive layoffs at the local factory. These incidents would be consistent with the predictions of ______.

d. the scapegoat hypothesis

8.The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually ______.

a. highly visible

9. The Navajo recognized ______ genders.

d. four

10. Indian reservations were not run by Native Americans, but by which federal government agency?

a. Bureau of Indian Affairs

6. Traditionally, Mexican Americans were overwhelmingly ______, in contrast with the larger society.

a. Catholic

10. ______ came to America because of religious persecution and planned to make America their home from the beginning.

a. Eastern European Jews

6. ______ who subordinate a minority group will develop and institutionalize ideologies to justify social arrangements.

a. Elite classes

13. The 1980s legislation that allowed illegal immigrants to legalize their status was the ______.

a. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)

11. The ______ is one of the most significant Asian American civil rights organizations in the United States.

a. Japanese American Citizens League

2. The civil rights movement is often said to have begun in 1955 in ______.

a. Montgomery, Alabama

5. A politician states in a campaign speech that "it is inevitable that the differences between our groups will disappear as we grow and mature as a society." This statement echoes the thinking of ______.

a. Robert Park

17. While Mexican Americans have resided primarily in the Southwest region, Puerto Ricans are concentrated in the______.

a. Urban Northeast

2. Although it is a popular idea, the melting pot is not an accurate description of how ______ occurred for American minority groups.

a. assimilation

7. The gendering process begins ______.

a. at birth

1. As dominant-minority relationships begin to take shape, prejudice and racism ______.

a. become rationalized

24. Your text describes that the ______ argues that Whites will gradually lose their dominant status as Latino and Asian American groups grow in numbers.

a. browning thesis

5. The ______ is the single most important factor in the development of dominant-minority relations.

a. contact situation

9. The term ______ means "by law."

a. de jure

6. By the late summer if 1942, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans had been forcibly transported to ______.

a. detention camps

10. The Civil Rights and feminist movements of the 1960s ______.

a. encouraged more women toward employment

7. Women in indigenous communities ______.

a. had much greater freedom than colonial women

7. Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of educational levels, personal values, and skills?

a. human capital theory

3. Asian cultures, unlike Western cultures, tend not to stress______.

a. individualism

8. Tiered wages and unionization favored ______.

a. men in the workplace

1. The period of Reconstruction that followed the Civil War was a time of ______.

a. opportunity for Black southerners

3. Rosa Parks, a seamstress and NAACP member, is famous for ______.

a. refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a White man

9. When the goal of a minority group is to sever all ties with the larger society, it is called ______.

a. separatism

10. The right to vote is referred to as ______.

a. suffrage

18. In a study presented in the text, Puerto Rican students were asked for their racial identification. Most answered ______.

a. tan

23. Which of the following might explain why U.S. policy on immigration from Mexico has fluctuated so often?

a. the Noel hypothesis with its emphasis on competition and power

3. Robert Blauner presents a theory of dominant-minority relations that stresses the importance of ______.

a. the initial contact situation

9. The institutional and organizational structures of Chinatown were created to serve ______.

a. the older, mostly male immigrant generation

4. In colonial America, American Indians were not enslaved. According to the Noel hypothesis, this was because ______.

a. there was little power differential between colonists and the American Indians

2. Which statement is true about Japanese Americans following World War II?

a. they did not rebuild their ethnic enclaves

1.The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision overturned the principle of ______ established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.

b. "separate but equal"

1. By midcentury, ______ will likely be of Asian descent.

b. 1 out of every 10 Americans

10. Which of the following most closely resembles the goals of Operation Wetback?

b. 1950s government program to deport illegal immigrants back to Mexico.

10. The earliest Asian groups to arrive in substantial numbers were from ______.

b. China and Japan

8. The ______ was primarily a southern phenomenon designed to combat state-sponsored racial segregation.

b. Civil Rights Movement

7. During the Jim Crow era, Whites and Blacks were separated by extreme segregation. While the free Black electorate threatened the political and economic dominance of elite White society, Whites still wanted--and needed--Black labor. Which theory best explains segregation under these conditions?

b. Noel hypothesis

3.______ are exaggerated generalizations about groups of people and tend to be overly simplistic and difficult to prove.

b. Stereotypes

2. During Reconstruction, the South was characterized by ______.

b. a rigid caste system under the policy known as "Jim Crow"

6. In Milton Gordon's theory of assimilation, the crucial step is from ______.

b. acculturation to integration

15. Private property and the passing of wealth emerged during which period?

b. agrarian

10. Most scholars agree that ______.

b. anti-Black prejudice was basically a result of American slavery

11. Hunting-and-gathering societies ______.

b. challenge the basis of the argument that a man is a breadwinner while a woman is a caregiver

5. Which of the following is thought to be an important cause of authoritarian personalities?

b. childhood experiences in excessively strict home situations

8. According to the equal status contact hypothesis, groups must have different conditions. One of these conditions includes ______.

b. common goals

20. Anti-Latino prejudice and racism tend to increase ______.

b. during times of high immigration

6. Traditional Native American communities valued ______.

b. egalitarianism

4. Which of the following is not an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status?

b. facial features

5. Sam feels like they belong to both genders, and they often switch between a "masculine" and "feminine" appearance. Sam may be considered ______.

b. gender fluid

3. Sarah wanted to dress as Batman for Halloween but was told by her family that she needed to dress in a "girl" costume instead. This is an example of ______.

b. gender socialization

7.The deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire group is referred to as ______.

b. genocide

3. Pluralism exists when ______.

b. groups remain separate and their cultural and social differences persist over time

12. During the twentieth and early twenty-first century, immigration from Mexico to the United States ______.

b. has fluctuated according to the demand for unskilled labor in the United States

3. As de jure segregation formed and solidified in the South ______.

b. levels of prejudice and racism increased

1. Native people living on reservations ______.

b. live under a system controlled by federally mandated regulations

19. Contrary to the traditional view of assimilation, success for Cuban Americans is associated with ______.

b. lower levels of acculturation and integration

14. Gordon's model of assimilation cites ______ as the final stage of the assimilation process.

b. marital assimilation

2. Although Hispanic women work in a variety of fields today, they dominate ______ jobs.

b. pink collar

2. Gender socialization is______.

b. process by which kids are taught expectations for appropriate gender behaviors

16. The greatest success of the Chicanismo movement ______.

b. raised the awareness of the larger society about the grievances and problems of Mexican Americans

5. The men and women of the ______ generation achieved considerable educational and occupational success, and helped established the idea that Chinese Americans are a model minority.

b. second

8. Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group because ______.

b. they are systematically excluded from opportunities for upward mobility

8. Native American creation accounts are ______.

b. women-centered and emphasize women's ability to bring life into the world

1. Current U.S. Census Bureau indicate that Hispanic Americans comprise about ______ of the current total U.S. population.

c. 18%

15. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to the mainland in large numbers in the ______.

c. 1940s

22. Marielitos aka 'undesirables' were refugees from Cuba who arrived in the United States in ______.

c. 1980

7. Racist systems against Latinos were born in the ______.

c. 19th century

8. ______ through slavery was a process forced on African Americans.

c. Acculturation

8. The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 extended the right to vote to ______.

c. African American men

5. Fannie Lou Hamer of Mississippi founded the ______.

c. Freedom Party

1.The largest minority group in the United States is ______.

c. Hispanics

8. In 1915, ______ argued in The Nation that the existence of separate ethnic groups--even with separate cultures, religions, and languages--could be quite consistent with a democratic political system. He was one of the first to publically express support for pluralism.

c. Horace Kallen

21. In 1986, Congress attempted to deal with undocumented immigrants by passing the ______.

c. Immigration Reform and Control Act

2. Which of the following would be classified as primarily an ethnic minority group?

c. Jewish Americans

4. The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly ______.

c. Native American and European

5. The concepts of the ______ proves useful in explaining massive separation of races in de jure segregation.

c. Noel hypothesis

4. In the ______ case in 1896, the Supreme Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine.

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

14. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of ______.

c. The Spanish American War

7. The Underground Railroad was a tactic used by ______.

c. abolitionists

4. Melting pot is a term for ______.

c. assimilation as egalitarian and benign

10. According to Weber, a person who became rich by cleaning septic tanks would be higher on ______ but lower on ______.

c. class; prestige

6. Men and women who attempt to remove gender roles and expectations in their home may be considered ______.

c. egalitarian

9. Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico ______.

c. has fluctuated

3. The Latino population is growing because of ______.

c. high birthrates and immigration

11. Since the inception of segregation, African American women have had ______.

c. higher unemployment rates and lower incomes than African American men

1. If someone has biological characteristics from more than one sex category they are considered ______.

c. intersex

13. As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians ______.

c. lost most of their land

13. It was not uncommon for companies to fail to hire women who were married. This is referred to as the ______.

c. marriage bar

9. When two groups who are in contact with one another each feel that their culture and way of life is superior, judging the other culture by their own standards, this is called ______.

c. mutual ethnocentrism

2. Slavery developed as a solution to a labor supply problem in the context of a ______.

c. plantation economy

6. One hundred and fifty years ago, African Americans primarily lived in the ______.

c. rural South

4. The thrust of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was to ban ______.

c. school segregation throughout the nation

2. People may learn racist behavior through ______.

c. socialization

15.Generally, Native American communities believed that ______ made everything, including two-spirit people.

c. the Great Creator

9. Stratification is another term for ______.

c. the unequal distribution of valued resource

1. Prejudice is to discrimination as ______.

c. thinking is to doing

12. Under the sharecropping system of farming, the sharecropper ______.

c. worked the land and split the profits with a landowner

7. The Chinese who immigrated to the United States in the 19th century were mostly ______.

c. younger males

4. Approximately what percentage of American Indians are now living in urban areas?

d. 70%

5. Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico?

d. Bracero program

12. In 1882, the anti-Chinese campaign experienced its ultimate triumph when the U.S. Congress passed the ______.

d. Chinese Exclusion Act

9. An event that launched many women into the traditional male workplace was ______.

d. World War II

4. A Nisei is______.

d. a second generation immigrant from Japan

1. The process of assimilation could be illustrated by ______.

d. an immigrant learning the language of her new country

7. Marxism sees class inequality as a result of ______.

d. capitalism

4. John was born a biological male and he identifies as a man. John may be considered ______.

d. cisgender

11. At the end of armed hostilities, relations between Native Americans and the larger society featured ______.

d. coercive acculturation

6. Paternalistic systems of group relations are characterized by ______.

d. extreme inequalities between groups

7. The advocates of Black Power identified the cause of racial inequality in the United States as ______.

d. institutional discrimination and White racism

5. Traditional Native American cultures assert that the universe ______.

d. is a unity

5. Which of the following characteristics is not typical of ascribed status?

d. it can be altered through hard work and motivation

6. Which of the following best exemplifies de jure segregation?

d. laws requiring Blacks to use different water fountains from Whites

3. Which of the following is not one of the defining characteristics of a minority group?

d. small group size