sociology
________ claims that prejudice is rooted in culture we learn to feel greater social distance from some categories of people
Culture theory Borgadus
believed that human development involves both biological maturation and gaining social experience he identified the 4 stages as sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational and formal operational
Jean Piaget
the _______ theorem states situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences
Thomas
the presentation self involves
a persons efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
ethnicity is based on
a shared cultural heritage
race is
a socially constructed category
people become deviant
as others define them
________ claims that prejudice is a personality trait of certain individuals especially those with little education and those raised by cold and demanding parents
authoritarian personality theory Adorno
examples of achieved status include all of the following
being a member of a chess club
an example of a role conflict is
being a member of a minority racial group and at the same time a member of a street gang
making use of the sociological perspective encourages
challenging commonly held beliefs
which theoretical approach asserts that powerful people use prejudice to justify their oppression of others
conflict theory
which of the following is not a component of personalty according to Freud
conscience
the concept of the looking glass self refers to
cooleys idea that a persons self conception is based on the response of others
violation of a societys formally enacted criminal law
crime
cultural changes are set in motion in three ways. this includes all of the following except
cultural lag
the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others disrupting a cultural system is referred to as
cultural lag
which of the following concepts refers to the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life?
culture
six researchers made lasting contributions to our understanding of human development who is not one of them
darwin
recognized violation of cultural norms
deviance
_______ stated that deviance is a necessary element of social organization
emile durkheim
his study of suicide enabled _________ to conclude that categories of people with strong group ties tend to have lower suicide rates while more individualistic people had high suicide rates
emile durkheim
identified challenges that individuals face at each stage of life from infancy to old age
erickson
shared cultural heritage
ethnicity
a concept refers to a value that changes from case to case.
false
a global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective
false
crime is the recognized violation of cultural norms
false
cultural relativism involves judging others using standards of ones own culture ethnocentrism is the evaluation of another culture according to its own standards
false
cultural shock is the personal experiences one has when returning to one's own culture after an extended period of experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
false
ethically researchers can place humans in total isolation to study what happens
false
ethnicity is harder to change than racial identity
false
parents may guide short term choices in dress and music during adolescence but peer groups shape long term goals such as deciding whether to go to college
false
prejudices are prejudgments that are solely negative
false
social isolation in infancy is sometimes harmful but never results in permanent and irreversible developmental damage
false
the term minority refers to categories to people that constitute a small numeric proportion of a societys population
false
we would say that the study of growing old in the US is limited by gender blindess.
false
all of the following are examples of deviant subcultures except
feminists
________ refers to the personal traits a social positions that members of a society attach to being female of male.
gender
what you display yourself as
gender
the unequal distribution of wealth power and privilege between men and women
gender stratification
a criminal act against a person or persons property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
hate crime
all of the following are questions the sociological researcher will ask as he/she goes through the research project except
how can i prove my hypothesis?
all of the following are ways given in the text that cultural changes may be set in motion except
integration
all of the following are benefits of the sociological perspective except
it helps educate us about the moral positions to take on current issue
idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people to as from how others respond to those actions
labeling theory
the _____________ is the idea that deviances and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
labeling theory
buliding social relationships would be a _____ of sports
latent function
status that has special importance for social identity like a sister
master status
women dominate males
matriarchy
the authors use the idea of _____ to refer to the idea that many nationalities blend together to make a single american culture
melting pot
as a part of human culture, religion would be an example of
nonmaterial culture
_________ is a research method in which investigators join their subjects in carrying out their routine activities while at the same time systematically observing their behavior
participant observation
males dominate femals
patriarchy
people in which of the following categories would you expect to most readily make use of the sociological perspective
people of color
________ is persons fairly consistent pattern of acting thinking and feeling
personality
rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people
prejudice
at birth males and females are distinguished by ______ which are the genitals or organs used for reproduction
primary sex characteristics
the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another is referred to as
racism
______ refers to consistency in measurement and _____ refers to the extent to which you actually measuring what it is you intended to measure.
reliability/validty
________ holds that prejudice springs from frustration among people who are themselves disadvantaged
scapegoat theory
belief that one sex is innately superior to another
sexism
_________ refers to comments gestures or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate repeated and unwelcome
sexual harassment
________ is attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior
social control
taken together the cases of anna and genie provide strong evidence that
social experience has a crucial role of forming human personality
____________ is the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
socialization
what would a sociologist be most likely to say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry?
society guides human behavior more than people realize
any social position that an individual occupies is called a
status
societies around the world now have more contact with one another than ever before all the factors listed below support the notion that a global culture has developed except
the disappearance of local culture
all of the following are components of culture except
the people within society
people construct reality from
their social interactions
trapped in the wrong body
transexual people
afrocentrism which emphasizes and promotes african cultural patterns is seen by many as a strategy for correcting centuries of ignoring the achievements of african societies and african americans
true
deviance is viewed as the result of unsuccessful socialization
true
emile durkheims study on suicide concluded that categories of people with strong group ties tend to have lower suicide rates while more individualistic people had high suicide rates
true
max weber urged sociologists to strive toward the goal of being value free in their research
true
most serious crimes are committed by people whose psychological profiles are normal
true
socialization is basic to human development
true
the harlow studies found that six months of social isolation was enough to permanently damage infant rhesus monkeys
true
the scapegoat theory holds that the most powerful people in society are the most likely to be prejudiced
true
the systematic annihilation of one category of people by another is called genocide
true
we should avoid applying labels just to make people conform to our own standards of behavior.
true
when max weber encouraged sociologists to be value free when carrying out their research he was referring to the need to seek truth as it is rather than we think is should be
true
culturally defined standards that people use to assess desirability goodness and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living are
values
which of the following statements about race and ethnicity is correct
while both race and ethnicity are constructed by society the first involves biological difference and the second involves cultural difference