sociology

________ claims that prejudice is rooted in culture we learn to feel greater social distance from some categories of people

Culture theory Borgadus

believed that human development involves both biological maturation and gaining social experience he identified the 4 stages as sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational and formal operational

Jean Piaget

the _______ theorem states situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences

Thomas

the presentation self involves

a persons efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others

ethnicity is based on

a shared cultural heritage

race is

a socially constructed category

people become deviant

as others define them

________ claims that prejudice is a personality trait of certain individuals especially those with little education and those raised by cold and demanding parents

authoritarian personality theory Adorno

examples of achieved status include all of the following

being a member of a chess club

an example of a role conflict is

being a member of a minority racial group and at the same time a member of a street gang

making use of the sociological perspective encourages

challenging commonly held beliefs

which theoretical approach asserts that powerful people use prejudice to justify their oppression of others

conflict theory

which of the following is not a component of personalty according to Freud

conscience

the concept of the looking glass self refers to

cooleys idea that a persons self conception is based on the response of others

violation of a societys formally enacted criminal law

crime

cultural changes are set in motion in three ways. this includes all of the following except

cultural lag

the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others disrupting a cultural system is referred to as

cultural lag

which of the following concepts refers to the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life?

culture

six researchers made lasting contributions to our understanding of human development who is not one of them

darwin

recognized violation of cultural norms

deviance

_______ stated that deviance is a necessary element of social organization

emile durkheim

his study of suicide enabled _________ to conclude that categories of people with strong group ties tend to have lower suicide rates while more individualistic people had high suicide rates

emile durkheim

identified challenges that individuals face at each stage of life from infancy to old age

erickson

shared cultural heritage

ethnicity

a concept refers to a value that changes from case to case.

false

a global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective

false

crime is the recognized violation of cultural norms

false

cultural relativism involves judging others using standards of ones own culture ethnocentrism is the evaluation of another culture according to its own standards

false

cultural shock is the personal experiences one has when returning to one's own culture after an extended period of experiencing an unfamiliar way of life

false

ethically researchers can place humans in total isolation to study what happens

false

ethnicity is harder to change than racial identity

false

parents may guide short term choices in dress and music during adolescence but peer groups shape long term goals such as deciding whether to go to college

false

prejudices are prejudgments that are solely negative

false

social isolation in infancy is sometimes harmful but never results in permanent and irreversible developmental damage

false

the term minority refers to categories to people that constitute a small numeric proportion of a societys population

false

we would say that the study of growing old in the US is limited by gender blindess.

false

all of the following are examples of deviant subcultures except

feminists

________ refers to the personal traits a social positions that members of a society attach to being female of male.

gender

what you display yourself as

gender

the unequal distribution of wealth power and privilege between men and women

gender stratification

a criminal act against a person or persons property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias

hate crime

all of the following are questions the sociological researcher will ask as he/she goes through the research project except

how can i prove my hypothesis?

all of the following are ways given in the text that cultural changes may be set in motion except

integration

all of the following are benefits of the sociological perspective except

it helps educate us about the moral positions to take on current issue

idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people to as from how others respond to those actions

labeling theory

the _____________ is the idea that deviances and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

labeling theory

buliding social relationships would be a _____ of sports

latent function

status that has special importance for social identity like a sister

master status

women dominate males

matriarchy

the authors use the idea of _____ to refer to the idea that many nationalities blend together to make a single american culture

melting pot

as a part of human culture, religion would be an example of

nonmaterial culture

_________ is a research method in which investigators join their subjects in carrying out their routine activities while at the same time systematically observing their behavior

participant observation

males dominate femals

patriarchy

people in which of the following categories would you expect to most readily make use of the sociological perspective

people of color

________ is persons fairly consistent pattern of acting thinking and feeling

personality

rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people

prejudice

at birth males and females are distinguished by ______ which are the genitals or organs used for reproduction

primary sex characteristics

the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another is referred to as

racism

______ refers to consistency in measurement and _____ refers to the extent to which you actually measuring what it is you intended to measure.

reliability/validty

________ holds that prejudice springs from frustration among people who are themselves disadvantaged

scapegoat theory

belief that one sex is innately superior to another

sexism

_________ refers to comments gestures or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate repeated and unwelcome

sexual harassment

________ is attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior

social control

taken together the cases of anna and genie provide strong evidence that

social experience has a crucial role of forming human personality

____________ is the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

socialization

what would a sociologist be most likely to say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry?

society guides human behavior more than people realize

any social position that an individual occupies is called a

status

societies around the world now have more contact with one another than ever before all the factors listed below support the notion that a global culture has developed except

the disappearance of local culture

all of the following are components of culture except

the people within society

people construct reality from

their social interactions

trapped in the wrong body

transexual people

afrocentrism which emphasizes and promotes african cultural patterns is seen by many as a strategy for correcting centuries of ignoring the achievements of african societies and african americans

true

deviance is viewed as the result of unsuccessful socialization

true

emile durkheims study on suicide concluded that categories of people with strong group ties tend to have lower suicide rates while more individualistic people had high suicide rates

true

max weber urged sociologists to strive toward the goal of being value free in their research

true

most serious crimes are committed by people whose psychological profiles are normal

true

socialization is basic to human development

true

the harlow studies found that six months of social isolation was enough to permanently damage infant rhesus monkeys

true

the scapegoat theory holds that the most powerful people in society are the most likely to be prejudiced

true

the systematic annihilation of one category of people by another is called genocide

true

we should avoid applying labels just to make people conform to our own standards of behavior.

true

when max weber encouraged sociologists to be value free when carrying out their research he was referring to the need to seek truth as it is rather than we think is should be

true

culturally defined standards that people use to assess desirability goodness and beauty and that serve as broad guidelines for social living are

values

which of the following statements about race and ethnicity is correct

while both race and ethnicity are constructed by society the first involves biological difference and the second involves cultural difference