SOCY 410 Chapter 4
what percent of the non-hispanic white population was overcounted in the US census
0.8%
challenges and changes to the 2010 China Census
1. "floating populations" 2. use of technology 3. more questions 4. propaganda on privacy 5. hiding of births
why does error matter in demographic data construction?
1. communities less counted receive less legislative representation as a result of census-based apportionment and redistricting 2. communities less counted may lose distribution of population-based funding from . federal or state government 3. those who are typically missed belong to the disadvantaged groups (black, hispanic)
methods for evaluating the extent of census coverage
1. dual system estimation 2. demographic analysis
major changes to data collection in the 2020 census
1. on-line questionnaire 2. paper form by mail, phone, in person interviews 3. more languages available 4. enumerators using smartphones
controversies of the U.S. census
1. race/ethnicity have caused more undercounts 2. redistricting 3. citizenship question 2020 4. adjustment for underreporting 5. differential undercounts: one or more groups are more likely to be underenumerated than others 6. blacks are almost 5 times as likely to identify themselves as democrat than republicans
UN Nations Recommendations for National census
1. sponsorship by national government 2. defined territory 3. universality - include everyone in either de jure or de facto basis 4. simultaneity - a fixed day, hour, and moment becomes the chronological dividing line for inclusion or exclusion 5. individual persons are counted, not groups 6. compilation and publication of the data must occur 7. Define periodicity - conduct the census in a year as close as possible to one ending in 0
what are the major changes to the 2010 census?
1. the census does not have a long form 2. american community survey
what age groups were men undercounted in the 2010 census
18-29 and 30-49
how many households are covered in the current population surveys each month?
57,000 households each month
demographic dividend
A rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population.
American Community Survey
An ongoing "continuous measurement" survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau to track the detailed population characteristics of every American community; designed to allow the long form to be dropped from the decennial census in 2010
population registers
a list of all people in a country on which are recorded all vital events for each individual, typically birth, death, marriage, divorce, and change of residence
sample surveys
a method of collecting data by obtaining information from a sample of the total population, rather than by a complete census
Dual System Estimation (DSE)
a method of evaluating a census by comparing respondents in the census with respondents in a carefully selected postenumeration survey or through a matching with other records
Demographic Analysis (DA)
a method of evaluating the accuracy of a census by estimating the demographic components of change since the previous census and comparing it with the new census count (estimates of the population from sources that are external and independent of the census)
geo-referenced
a piece of information that include some form of geographic identification such as precise latitude-longitude coordinates, a street address, ZIP code, census tract, county, state, or country
Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
a random sample of individual census records that have been stripped of personally identifying information
nonsampling error
an error that occurs in the enumeration process as a result of missing people who should be counted, counting people more than once, respondents providing inaccurate information, or recording or processing information inaccurately
content error
an inaccuracy in the data obtained in a census; possibly an error in reporting, editing, or tabulating and including non responses to particular questions or inaccurate responses if people don't understand the question or do so purposefully
census of population
an official enumeration of an entire population, usually with details as to age, sex, occupation, and other population characteristics; defined by the UN as "the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time or times, to all persons in a country or delimited territory"
geodemographics
analysis of demographic data that have been georeferenced to specific locations
why conduct a census?
apportionment
what percent of blacks, hispanics, American Indians and Alaskan Natives were undercounted in the 2010 census?
black - 2.1% hispanic - 1.5% American Indians and Alaskan Natives - 4.9%
Demographic Health Surveys (DHS)
collected by USAID and provides survey countries with data and analysis useful for informed policy choices. It expands the international population and health data base, advances survey methodology and teaches countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct DHS
geographic information systems
computer-based systems that allows the user to combine maps with data that refer to particular places on those maps and then analyze those data and display the results as thematic maps
historical data
data derived from sources such as early censuses, genealogies, family reconstitution, grave sites, and archaeological findings
vital statistics
data referring to the so-called vital events of life, especially birth and death, but usually also including marriage, divorce, and sometimes abortion
administrative data
demographic information derived from administrative records, including tax returns, utility records, school enrollment, and participation in government programs
sampling error
error that occurs in sampling due to the fact that a sample is rarely identical in every way to the population from which it was drawn
sources of demographic analysis
historical data on births, death, and legal immigration, estimates of undocumented immigration and emigration, and medicare data
current population surveys
monthly nationwide survey conducted by the bureau of the census. Its purpose is to collect labor force data about the civilian non-institutional population and asks questions concerning labor force participation. This is a nationally representative sample of the US population
redistricting
spatially redefining U.S. congressional districts represented by each seat in Congress
who collects vital statistics?
the National Vital Statistics System
coverage error
the combination of undercount (the percentage of a particular group or total population that is inadvertently not counted in a census) and overcount (people who are counted more than once in the census)
usual residence
the concept of including people in the census on the basis of where they usually reside
spatial autocorrelation
the concept that everything is related to everything else, but neat things are more related than distant things
demographic balancing equation
the formula that shows that the population at time 2 is equal to the population at time 1, plus the births between time 1 and 2, minus the deaths between time 1 and 2, plus the in-migrants between time 1 and 2, minus the out-migrants between time 1 and 2
de facto population
the people actually in a given territory on the census day
de jure population
the people who legally "belong" in a given area whether or not they are there on census day
intercensal
the period between the taking of censuses
differential undercount
the situation that occurs in a census when some groups of people are more likely to be underenumerated than other groups
apportionment
the use of census data to determine the number of seats in the U.S. congress that will be allocated to each state
how are vital statistics provided?
through state-operated registration systems
administrative records
with respect to migration, this refers to forms filled out for each person entering the U.S. from abroad that are then collected and tabulated by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service