Practice Final
what is the normal reading for central venous pressure?
0-10 cm H20
which solution is hypotonic?
0.45% saline
An animal is to receive 30 mls of IV fluids over a 1 hour period. What is the drop rate per second when using a microdrip (60 drops/ml)
1 drop/2 sec
How much water is needed to dilute 0.1 liter of 80% ethyl alcohol to make 8% alcohol solution?
1,000 ml
How much 50% dextrose do you add to 1 liter of sterile water to make D5W?
100ml
A dog has metaldehyde poisoning and presents with seizures. His temperature is 109 degrees, and you begun cooling techniques while the vet treats the seizures. At what temp. should you stop trying to cool the dog?
103 degrees
what is the rate of cardiac compression applied to a large dog during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
120-150 per minute
A 44 lbs dog is being treated with fentanyl in the IV fluids. LRS is administered at 60 ml/kg/day. Fentanyl is supplied in a multidose vial at 10mg/ml. If the infusion rate for fentanyl is 2mcg/kg/min, how many mls of fentanyl should be added to a 500ml bag of LRS?
2.4 ml
how many mg/ml is in 2% lidocaine?
20
A 44 lbs dog requires amoxicillin (250 mg/5 ml) at 10mg/kg. What volume is administered?
4.0 ml
when examining a patient you count 7 pulses in 10 seconds. How would record this animal's pulse rate?
42 beats/min
what size endotracheal tube would be the best first choice for an 8 pound cat?
4mm
how much 50% dextrose do you add to 500 ml of sterile water to make D5W?
50 ml
what is the normal gestation period of a dog?
58-63 days
how many milligrams are in each milliliter of a 6.5% solution?
65
If a thoracic radiographic is taken using 80 kVp and 10 mAs is excessively too dark, which of the following settings should be used for a retake?
70 kVp and 10 mAs
which of the heart rates is normal for a 15 kg dog? a. 30bpm b. 80 bpm c. 220 bpm d. 240 bpm
80 bpm
A small breed dog is considered tachycardic if the heart rate is
>180
what is the "walking dandruff" mite?
Cheyletiella
what test can be used to evaluate a patient for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Coomb's test
How long should a pet rat be fasted prior to anesthesia?
Fasting is not necessary
which class of antibiotics is most associated with joint cartilage damage in young, growing animals?
Fluoroquinolones
Vitamin C is an essential ingredient in the diet of which species?
Guinea pigs and non-human primates
what is a feline blood parasite found on the surface of the RBC's?
Haemobartonella felis
Porphyrins are secreted by the ___ gland in rats.
Harderian
A 10 year old dsh cat presents with a history of vomiting and inappetence and is severely dehydrated. His CBC shows a hematocrit of 22%. What can be said about this cat?
His true hematocrit is likely lower than 22%
What is the best route to administer drugs during CPR?
IV
What medications cause the pupils to dilate?
Mydriatics
what is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity in cats?
N-acetylcysteine
a cow with painful mastitis would most likely be treated with which analgesic?
NSAID
What is the best stain to observe white cell nuclear morphology?
New methlyene blue
what is commonly used to treat cestode infestation?
Praziquantel
what is a common chemical used in flea eradication?
Pyrethrin
What is detected of a CMT?
WBC
which of the following is the best description of an epulis?
a non-malignant oral tumor
what is not an effect of anticholinergic drugs?
airway constriction
what is the urine pH of herbivorous animals?
alkaline
Neomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin and dihydrostrepromycin all belong to what class of antibiotics?
aminogylcosides
what is an example of a bronchodilator?
aminophylline
what is a common problem with extubation of the brachcephalic breeds during the anesthetic recovery period?
an obstructed airway leads to dyspnea
a pharyngostomy tube is used to treat what condition?
anemia
which drug will slow the heart rate?
antocholinergics
pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method of measuring:
arterial oxygen saturation
what agents is most likely to cause bloat in ruminants?
atropine
As teeth contact and grind together they gradually become worn. What is this called?
attrition
which vitamins are water soluble?
b and c
what color to gram positive organisms stain?
blue
alpha 2 agonists have what effect upon the heart?
bradycardia
Vitamin K is used to treat which poison?
brodifacoum
Horses develop enamel points on which surfaces of teeth?
buccal edge of the upper arcade and lingual edge of the lower arcade
Mineralized debris on the tooth surface is known as what?
calculus
what respiratory disease of cats causes ulcerative stomatitis?
calicivirus infection
where is the popliteal lymph node located?
caudal to the stifle
what suture material is not recommended for skin closure?
chromic gut
what is the cause of the first heart sound ("lub") in a heart beat?
closure of the left and right AV valves
What term refers to the alteration of a drug from the original manufactured form, such as dilution, grinding, or mixing with other drugs?
compounding
What nerve block is acceptable for providing analgesia while dehorning a cow?
cornual
what species does not have canine teeth?
cows/ rodents
personal protective equipment should be worn when handling and administering:
cyclophosphamide, misoprostol, and vincristine
which of the following may cause diarrhea is dogs and humans? a. pseudomonas b. staphylococcus c. pasteurella d. campylobacter
d. campylobacter
If a film is too dark and over penetrated, you should
decrease kVp 10-15%
What is a Heinz Body?
denatured hemoglobin
the part of the mature tooth that is continuously deposited throughout life by odontoblasts is the:
dentin
which is a common problem seen in young hamsters from a pet store?
diarrhea
which drug is a respiratory stimulant? a. dobutamin b. doxapram c. proanolol d. oxytocin
doxapram
which drugs is a respiratory stimulant?
doxapram
Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic condition associated with what tapeworm species?
echinococcus multiocularis
Calcium is often used to treat what condition?
eclampsia
An animal is prepped for a united anconeal process. What part of the body is prepped?
elbow
Which of the following monitoring devices displays heart rate and rhythm?
electrocradiograph
when performing CPR on a neonatal calf, which are the two most critical procedures to begin?
establish the airway and cardiac compressions
How is pilocarpine administered?
eye drops
first intention healing of wounds, as compared to second intention healing is:
faster
which nutrient will supply more calories per gram weight?
fat
which lab animal should be routinely vaccinated for rabies?
ferret
what does the term pyrexia refer to?
fever
what is used for preservation of tissue specimens?
formalin
what is a self retaining retractor?
gelepi retractor
what is best seen with a direct smear?
giardia
which of the following is an evaluation of the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
glucose tolerance test
what type of fracture is most often seen in puppies?
greenstick
scurvy is most likely to be seen in what species?
guinea pig
What zoonotic viral disease of primates produces a mild disease with ulcers on the mucous membranes and tongue of Macaques, but is lethal to other primates and humans?
herpes B
Which type of adverse reaction is most commonly seen with penicillin injections?
hives and swelling of the face
which species is a host of pinworms?
horses
what is a nosocomial infection?
hospital-acquired infection
what agent, device, or method is the most appropriate for sterilizing an electric drill to be used in orthopedic surgery?
hydrogen peroxide gas
what is commonly associated with iron deficiency?
hypochromasia
what is one of the most common causes for non-union fractures?
improper immobilization
what blood change is the primary stimulus for a patient under anesthesia to take a breath?
increased CO2
this is the most common physical sign observed with post-operative hemorrhage?
increased heart rate
what is the side effect of doxapram on the anesthetized patient?
increased respiration rate
a higher frequency ultrasound transducer has ____ image resolution and ____ penetration than a lower frequency transducer.
increased, decrased
what is hypochromasia?
indicates that the red blood cells have less hemoglobin than normal
The best method for determining the proper inflation of an endotracheal cuff is:
inject air while applying pressure from the reservoir bag until no air escapes around the tube
if skin is under extreme tension what is the suture pattern of choice?
interrupted horizontal mattress
what forcep is used to clmap vessels to control hemorrhage during surgical procedure?
kelly
aminoglycosides cause toxicity to what organs?
kidney and ear
which crystalloid solution is preferred in the treatment of shock?
lactated ringers
what is the cause if visceral larval migrans in children?
larva of the common roundworm of dogs
The left AV valvle is heard at what position on the canine chest?
left sternal border between the 5th and 6th ribs
the term pediculosis means:
lice infestation
an eosin-nigrosn stain mixture is used in semen analysis to evaluate the:
live:dead sperm ratio
which of the following is not seen when ketamine is administered IV rather than IM? a. lower dose rate used b. quicker onset of effects c. longer duration of effects d. less pain on injection
longer duration of effects
what pair of cells are agranulocytes?
lymphocyte and monocyte
in normal occlusion, what is the proper position of the incisors and canine teeth when the mouth is closed?
mandibular incisors are palatal to the maxillary incisors, and the mandibular canine is mesial to the maxillary canine
in dogs, which teeth are permanent teeth with two roots?
mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4 and molar 1
which of the following will cause false positive fecal occult blood test?
meat in the diet
When referring to teeth, which of the following terms describes the protion of the tooth that is inline with the dental arcade and closest to the rostral midline of the dental arch?
mesial
Which of the following is used for muscle spasms? a. methocarbimol b. apomorphine c. amphotericin d. mannitol
methocarbimol
what medication is used to treat muscle spasms?
methocarbimol
which of the following would be best to treat a cat that experiences status epilepticus?
midazolam
what is one of the advantages associated with the use of ketamine?
minimal cardiac depression
The advantage of intraoral radiography over extraoral radiography is that it:
minimizes the superimposition of tooth images
what is the function of the manometer
monitor pressure in a circle system
what anesthetic agent may cause panting?
narcotics
a properly placed urinary catheter extends from the tip of the penis or vulva to the:
neck of the urinary bladder
What part of the gas anesthetic machine allows room air into the system in the event of a pressure exchange?
negative pressure relief valve
which of the following will be first to respond in inflammatory reaction in response to injury?
neutrophils
an irregular heart rhythm that results from variations in vagus nerve tone as a result of respiration in dogs is:
normal sinus rhythm
Ferrets not intended for breeding should be spayed to prevent hyperestrogenism. What is the serious clinical effect of this disease?
pancytopenia
what is the primary chemical mediator of inflammation that is inhibited by the action of NSAIDs?
peptidoglycans
what area must be prepped for a horse requiring a Caslick's operation?
perineum
which drug should not be used IM for sedation?
phenobarbital
what describes a compatible major cross match?
placing recipients serum with donor's red cell suspension and seeing no hemolysis
Accumulation of desquamated cells, food particles, and bacteria along the teeth are known as what?
plaque
centrifuging blood with an anticoagulant will separate the cells or formed elements from the:
plasma
what term refers to excessive drinking?
polydispia
what is used to treat cestode infestation?
praziquantel
Which of the following would be the best way to induce anesthesia in a bulldog?
rapid IV with propofol
the most profound adverse effect of the opiod drug is
respiratory depression
minute ventilation is equal to what volume?
respiratory rate times tidal volume
what is least likely to cause problems is consumed in excessive amounts?
riboflavin
What is the correct order following the flow of blood through the heart?
right artium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulomic valve
what position is an animal placed of ECG?
right lateral recumbency
which of the following animals do not have canine teeth?
rodents/ cows
What is the maturation sequence of the erythrocyte?
rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
electrical activity that serves as the pacemaker in the heart originates from what specific area?
sinoatrial node in the right atrium
what disorder can result from feeding an all-meat diet?
skeletal deformity
the zygomatic bone is located in the:
skull
In the suspected presence of viral enteritis, which of the following would be the agent of choice to disinfect an area?
sodium hypochlorite
what disinfectant is most effective against parvovirus?
sodium hypochlorite
which disease is caused by a gram positive bacteria?
tetanus
subcutaneous fluid administration is contraindicated in what situation?
the patient requires 5% dextrose
which of the following best describes a properly inserted endotracheal tube?
the tip is midway between the larynx and the thoracic inlet
Which of the following is a bronchodilator? a. theophylline b. metoclopramide c. propanolol d. lidocaine
theophylline
how much time does it take before cardiac arrest causes irreversible brain damage?
three minutes
what is the purpose for using a subcuticular suture pattern for final closure?
to decrease the chance of sutures being chewed out by the patient
paired serum samples, drawn several weeks apart, are essential in diagnostic serology to:
to establish the presence a current, active infection
what is the main purpose of a fixation splint?
to immobilize the part
what is an example of a nematode?
toxascaris leonina
what type of crystal is commonly seen in alkaline urine?
triple phosphates
which of the following is an extracellular parasite?
trypanosoma sp.
What does the QRS complex represent?
ventricular depolarization
which heart rhythm shows occasional bizarre shaped QRS complexes at random intervals?
ventricular premature contractions
what is the common name for the egg of a canine gastrointestinal parasite exhibiting a bipolar operculum?
whipworm
which of the following anesthetic agents has the most analgesic effect? a. propofol b. isoflurane c. xylazine d. diazepam
xylazine