sound waves

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human ear has a range of

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

in air speed of sound is around ____ at room temp

340 m/s

sound

a form of energy that causes molecules of a medium to vibrate back and forth

a sound wave with many compressions will have...

a greater amplitude compared to waves with fewer compressions because more compressions= higher air pressure which equals higher amplitude

if source of sound moves away, waves reach observer later causing ...

a lower frequency

resonance

ability of an object to vibrate by absorbing energy in its natural frequency

ultrasonic

above 20,000 Hz

sound is slowest in...

air

amplitude is the measure of

amt of energy moving

rarefactions

area of low pressure air

compressions

areas of high pressure air

why there is not a sound in a vacuum (space)?

because there are not particles to vibrate

why is sound transmitted faster in solids than liquids?

because these materials are more elastic

infrasonic

below 20 Hz

bigger amp=

bigger amt of energy

elastic

can return to original shape

doppler effect

change in frequency and pitch of a sound due to motion of either the sound source or observer

two ways sound waves combine

constructively and destructively

the number of waves passing a point in a second is called

cycles per second or hertz

when out off hate, sound is softer..

dead spots can occur

intensity is measured in a unit called

decibel dB

natural frequency

every medium has its own frequency of vibrations

pitch is determined by

frequency

compressions are areas of

high pressure

the compressions (dark areas) represent..

high pressure can can be shown as a crest

faster the frequency=

higher pitch

increased pitch=

higher sound

how does temp effect sound

higher temp causes sound to travel faster

what does pitch depend on?

how fast the molecules of a medium vibrate which depends on the frequency of waves

since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, the pitch of a musical note is determined by...

how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate

when in phase the intensity of sound is..

increased

what can cause permanent damage/hearing loss?

long exposure to 100 dB or greater sound levels

what is the effect of greater amplitude of a sound wave?

louder sound

what does intensity determine?

loudness of sound

rarefactions are areas of

low pressure

the rarefactions (light areas) represent ...

low pressure which can be shows as a trough

beats

phenomenon caused by combination of 2 waves of slightly different frequencies. this causes intensity to vary

when the frequency of sound waves increases what also increases?

pitch

if source of sound moves toward observer, waves are generated from....

points that are closer and closer

timbre

quality of sound caused by blending of pitches

longitudinal waves

series of compressions and rarefactions

longitudinal waves can be represented with a ....

sine wave to show the difference in pressure

if there are no molecules then there is no....

sound

shape a sound wave is sent out in

spherical shape

every object has a natural frequency and if it matches the natural frequency...

the amplitude is increased

what is intensity of a sound determined by?

the amplitude of the sound wave.

more densely packed the particles are,,

the bigger the amp

why does speed increase as temp bc

the molecules of the air are moving faster and bump into each other more often. Speed also increases slightly with water vapor in the air (more humid)

the pitch (frequency) of a sound can change if..

the speed of sound changes

resonance examples

the vibrations of a sound board of a violin, the note you get when you blow into a half full bottle of soda, singer breaking a glass

speed of sound is dependent on...

wind, conditions, air, temp, humidity, etc. it does not depend on loudness or frequency


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