Spanish 1 Semester 1 Exam Review guide
standard feminine noun endings
-a/as; -tad/tades; -dad/dades; -ción/ciones; -sión/siones; -ora/oras
standard masculine noun endings
-o/os; -ema/emas; -ama/amas; -or/ores
when is Day of the Dead celebrated
1st and 2nd day of November
three categories of endings for Spanish infinitivos
AR, ER, and IR
La actividad
Activity
La apariencia-
Appearance
origin of Day of the Dead
Aztecs celebrated for an entire month of August and revered the goddess of the dead, Calavera Catrina
capital city of Mexico
Ciudad de México; México D.F.
Día de los Muertos
Day of the Dead. Mexican holiday in honor of the dead.
¿Te gusta...? -
Do you like...?
major cultural aspects of Mexican culture
Family is super important; Religion- Catholicism; Most popular music genre- Mariachi; Humor; Famous for art, more specifically murals.
Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)
Famous Mexican artist known for using bright colors and primitive forms deeply rooted in Mexican and Amerindian culture throughout her self-portraits and other depictions of the feminine form.
Mexico during 1200 B.C.-1200 A.D.
Founded and ruled by various early civilizations, most notably the Olmecs (1200-600 BC) and the Mayan (250-900 A.D.)
Tiene...
He / She has
yo soy
I am
No me gusta
I dislike/ It is not pleasing to me
Tengo...
I have
me gusta
I like/ It is pleasing to me
A ella le gusta(n)
It is pleasing to her
A él le gusta(n)
It is pleasing to him
A mi me gusta(n)
It is pleasing to me
A ellos les gusta(n)
It is pleasing to them (a mixed/all masculine group)
A ellas les gusta(n)
It is pleasing to them (all feminine group)
A nosotros nos gusta(n)
It is pleasing to us
A ti te gusta(n)
It is pleasing to you
A usted le gusta(n)
It is pleasing to you (formal)
A ustedes les gusta(n)
It is pleasing to you all
Mexico during 1910-1930s
Mexican Revolution
Día de los Angelitos/ Day of the Innocent Saints
Mexican holiday celebrated from midnight on the 1st of November until 11:59 pm to honor all children who have died
Día de los Difuntos/ Day of the Adults
Mexican holiday celebrated from midnight on the 2nd of November until noon to honor all adults who have died.
symbolism of monarch butterflies
Mexican tradition believes these represent the souls of loved ones returning during their migration period each year just before the 1st of November
Mexico during 1846-1848
Mexican-American War, through which the U.S. gained Texas and other southern states from Santa Ana at the Alamo.
do conjugations change gender to match their subject?
No, conjugations do not match their subject in gender
La personalidad-
Personality
Mexico during 13th century A.D.- 1521
Ruled by the Aztec civilization in the capital city of Tenochtilán who at the time were one of the largest ancient civilizations in the ancient world.
Mexico during 1519-1521
Spanish conquistadors, under the leadership of Hernando Cortés, defeat Moctezuma II thus destroying the Aztec Empire and founding Mexico City.
yo
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun I; use when talking/referring about oneself in 1st person
él
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun he; use when talking/referring about one person or object that is masculine in 3rd person
ella
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun she; use when talking/referring about one person or object that is feminine in 3rd person
ellas
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun they; use when talking/referring about a group of all feminine people or objects in 3rd person
ellos
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun they; use when talking/referring about a mixed group of masculine and feminine people or all masculine objects in 3rd person
nosotras
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun we; use when speaking/referring to a group of all feminine people or objects and I in 1st person
nosotros
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun we; use when speaking/referring to a group of all masculine objects or people or a group with at least one masculine object and I in 1st person
usted
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun you (formal); use when speaking/referring to someone you either do not know or a person you respect in 2nd person
tú
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun you (informal); use when talking/referring to someone you know well in 2nd person
ustedes
Spanish equivalent to the English pronoun you all or y'all; use when talking/referring to group of people and you (either tú or usted) in 3rd person
Mexico during 1816-1821
War of Mexican Independence, led by Miguel Hidalgo and others, achieving independence from Spain.
¿Cómo eres? -
What are you like?
¿Qué te gusta hacer? -
What do you like to do?
two ways to use te gusta-
Yes or No/Would you rather question; asking a person to choose between two or more options in a list.
Un poco-
a little
noun (sustantivo)
a person, place, or thing responsible for doing an action in a sentence
indirect object pronoun (IOP)/ pronombre indirecto
a pronoun that indicates to whom something is pleasing
incense
a small stick that when burned gives off a smoky aroma in hopes of guiding spirits home on Día de los Muertos
ser
a verb in Spanish which translates to "to be" which is used for physical descriptions
how to form the plural of a noun that ends in a consonant
add -es (or -as if noun changes gender i.e. trabajadora, doctora, profesora, etc)
how to form the plural of an adjective that ends in a consonant
add -es (unless it is an adjective that adds an -as in the feminine form)
how to form the plural of an adjective that ends in a vowel
add -s ex. chico = chicos
how to form the plural of a noun that ends in a vowel
add -s ex. estudiante = estudiantes
Todos (as)-
all
In Spain/España, use this verb when talking about riding something
andar
ustedes in Latin America is used to refer to
any group of people
you must know what a noun's gender is in order to pair it with the correct ____________ and _____________
article (definite or indefinite) and adjective.
Artísitco (a)-
artistic
Atlético (a)-
athletic
Malo (a)-
bad, wicked
Hermoso (a)-
beautiful
Porque-
because
In Spanish, no is placed where in relation to the verb
before
in a negative gustar sentence, no falls directly ______ the IOP
before
in a sentence, IOPs fall immediately __________ the conjugated form of gustar
before
Grande-
big, large, great (size wise)
Pelo (cabello) rubio-
blond hair
Ojos azules
blue eyes (tener)
Pelo (cabello) castaño-
brown hair
papel picado
colorful decorations made out of cutting holes into tissue paper that are used to decorate ofrendas, homes, and streets during Día de los Muertos
noun adjective agreement
concept stating that adjectives must match the gender and number of the nouns they describe
noun article agreement
concept stating that an article (definite or indefinite) must match its noun in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine)
use personal A + pronoun at beginning of a gustar sentence to
define more specifically to whom something is pleasing
Desorganizado(a)-
disorganized
masculine exception nouns
día, mapa, sofá, mes, papel, lápiz, árbol, tomate
three categories that sum up Mexican history
early civilizations, Spanish conquest, modern war
When two verbos appear together in a sentence and are not separated by a comma...
first verb is conjugated second verb is infinitivo
typical items on an ofrenda
food, drinks, photos, candles, incense, decorations, marigold flowers, and important objects of the person who passed
El (La) amigo (a)-
friend
Cómico (a)-
funny
mojigangos
giant puppets of African origin used during Day of the Dead parades and carnavals throughout certain towns in Central American countries
Bueno (a)-
good natured
Guapo (a) -
good-looking, handsome
singular noun following gustar
gusta
two conjugated forms of gustar
gusta (singular form); gustan (plural form)
plural noun following gustar
gustan
Use the verb tener to describe someone or something's
hair color, eye color, age
Trabajador(a) -
hard-working
él es
he is
le gusta
he/she likes; it is pleasing to him/her
Inteligente-
intelligent
Perezoso (a) -
lazy
how to tell gender of adjective that ends in -e or a consonant
look at the gender of article that comes before it
plural definite articles
los (masculine) and las (feminine)
feminine noun exceptions
mano, tarde, noche, clase, nube, flor, cama, nariz
two categories of gender for nouns
masculine or feminine
In México, use this verb when talking about riding something
montar
The verb tocar is used when referring to playing a
musical instrument or music
Simpático (a)-
nice, kind, friendly
Viejo (a)-
old
Organizado (a)-
organized
ustedes in Spain is used to refer to
people you do not know or want to show respect towards
vosotros/as
plural for you all that is only used in Spain with friends, family, etc.
Bonito (a)-
pretty
Pelirrojo (a)-
red-haired, ginger
negative sentences
sentences that say someone is not something
Serio (a)-
serious
ella es
she is
Bajo (a) -
short (height wise)
Pequeño (a) -
small (size wise)
calacas
small skeleton sculptures or figurines that are a popular symbol of Day of the Dead
ofrenda
special altars designed and set up by loved ones in which an array of offerings that their loved ones loved in life are placed by the family in hopes of attracting the spirits of their loved ones back to their families.
alebrijes
spirit animals said to guide spirits through the afterlife and across the barrier between the Land of the Dead and the Land of the Living during Day of the Dead
El (la) estudiante-
student (male/female)
Estudioso (a)-
studious
Alto (a) -
tall (height wise)
El chico-
the boy
La chica-
the girl
El hombre-
the man
infinitive/infinitivo
the most basic form of a verb.
what determines the correct conjugated form of gustar
the noun that directly follows it and whether or not it is singular or plural
verb/verbo
the part of a sentence that expresses action or a state of being completed by a noun.
La persona-
the person
conjugate
the process of changing the form of a verb to match the subject of a sentence (ex. yo soy)
La mujer-
the woman
article (artículos)
the, a/an, some
ellas son
they (feminine) are
ellos son
they (masculine) are
les gusta
they like; it is pleasing to them
when translated from Spanish to English, an infinitivo can be translated either as
to + verb or -ing
Comprar-
to buy
Hacer la tarea-
to do homework
Dibujar-
to draw
Beber-
to drink
Comer-
to eat
Aprender el español-
to learn Spanish
gustar
to like to/to be pleasing to
Escuchar música-
to listen to music
Jugar al fútbol americano
to play American football
Tocar la guitarra-
to play guitar
Jugar al fútbol-
to play soccer
Practicar deportes-
to practice sports
Preparar la comida-
to prepare the food/the meal
Leer un libro-
to read a book
Descansar-
to rest
Montar/Andar en bicicleta-
to ride a bike
Correr-
to run
Andar en patineta-
to skateboard
Pasar un rato con los amigos-
to spend time with friends
Estudiar-
to study
Pasear-
to take a walk
Hablar por teléfono-
to talk on the phone
Mirar la televisión-
to watch TV
Trabajar-
to work
Escribir mensajes electrónicos-
to write e-mails; to text
singular indefinite articles
un (masculine) and una (feminine)
plural indefinite articles
unos (masculine) and unas (feminine)
Muy-
very
nosotras somos
we (feminine) are
nosotros somos
we (masculine) are
nos gusta
we like; it is pleasing to us
situations that use jugar
when talking about playing video games, games, or sports
indefinite article (artículo indefinido)
word meaning "a/an" for singular or "some" for plural that indicates nonspecific persons, places, or things that comes directly before a noun.
definite article (artículo definido)
word meaning "the" that indicates specific persons, places, or things that comes directly before a noun.
adjective/adjetivo
word that describes a noun, coming directly after the noun it modifies.
pronouns/pronombres
words that take the place of a noun.
vosotros/vosotras sois
y'all (Spain) are
usted es
you (formal) are
tú eres
you (informal) are
ustedes son
you all are
te gusta
you like; it is pleasing to you
Joven (pl. jóvenes)-
young
singular definite articles
él (masculine) and la (feminine)
which personal pronouns share the same conjugated form of a verb in a conjugation chart
él, ella, usted; nosotros/nosotras; vosotros/vosotras; ellos, ellas, ustedes
