Spanish 109 Test 1

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político(a)

politician

Teotihuacan

-(300 B.C.-450 A.C.) largest known pre-Columbian city in the Americas

Sonia María Sotomayor

-1954 -First judge of hispanic origin and the 3rd woman on the Supreme Court Justice in the US

How to make nouns plural

-Add -s to nouns ending in a vowel -Add -es to nouns ending in a consonant -For nouns ending in -án, -és, or -ión drop the accent before adding -es (Ex: el/un alemán -- los/unos alemanes, el/un japonés -- los/unos japoneses, la/una lección -- las/unas lecciones) -For nouns ending in -z drop the -z then add -ces (Ex: el/un lápiz -- los/unos lápices)

The numbers 16, 19, 21, and 29

-Can be written either one word (Ex: dieciséis) or as three words (Ex: diez y seis) -Most people prefer to use a single word

Minutes before and after the hour

-Es la una y diez de la mañana. Its ten after one am. -Es la una y diez. It's one ten. -Son las ocho menos diez de la noche. It's ten till eight pm. -Son las diecinueve y cincuenta. It's seven fifty

santería

-In Cuba many slaves were forced to join the Catholic Church which led to the development of a new religion called santería -Deity associated with colors, emotions, and a saint from the Catholic Church -Santería music: conga, son montuna, rumba

On the hour

-Informal: Es la una de la tarde. -Formal: Son las trece (horas). It's one o'clock pm. -Informal: Son las siete de la mañana. -Formal: Son las siete (horas) It's seven o'clock am.

¿Cuánto(a)? and ¿Cuántos(as)?

-Must agree in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine) with the nouns they describe -Ex: Cuántos hombres hay en la clase? How many men are in the class? -Ex: Cuántas personas hay en tu familia? How many people are in your family?

¿Quién? like ¿Cuál?

-Must be made plural when referring to two or more people -Ex: Quiénes son tus padres? Who are your parents?

Feminine nouns

-Nouns referring to females and most nouns ending in -a are feminine -Most nouns ending in -d or -ión are feminine -Exceptions: la clase, la mano (hand)

el inglés

English

Disculpe

pardon me (to formally ask for someone's forgiveness or to get someone's attention)

Con permiso

pardon me, excuse me

Perdón

pardon me, excuse me (to ask for someone's forgiveness)

5

cinco

ciudad

city

el (la) compañero(a) de clase

classmate

la sala de clase

classroom

el colegio universitario

community college or two year college

la computadora

computer

la computación

computer science

4

cuatro

el día

day

el (la) decano(a)

dean

el escritorio

desk

el diccionario

dictionary

19

diecinueve

18

dieciocho

17

diecisiete

16

dieciséis

10

diez

12

doce

la residencia

dormitory

2

dos

temprano

early

la economía

economics

el borrador

eraser

eres

él/ella, usted

es

todos los días

everyday

el examen

exam

el lápiz (los lápices)

pencil

cincuenta

fifty

las lenguas extranjeras

foreign languages

cuarenta

forty

la pluma

fountain pen

el (la) amigo(a)

friend

la geografía

geography

la chica/la muchacha

girl

buenas tardes

good afternoon

buenas noches

good evening/night

buenos días

good morning

verde

green

él/ella

he/she

la historia

history

la tarea

homework

las humanidades

humanities

introvertido

introvert

el periodismo

journalism

tarde

late, tardy

el derecho

law

la lección

lesson

la biblioteca

library (to study)

la luz (las luces)

lights

la literatura

literature

el hombre

man

el mapa

map

el marcador

marker

las matemáticas

mathematics

la medianoche

midnight

el dinero

money

la música

music

músico(a)

musician

nunca

never

el mediodía

noon

el cuaderno

notebook

ahora

now

9

nueve

8

ocho

en punto

on the dot

a tiempo

on time

11

once

anaranjado

orange

el papel

paper

la filosofía

philosophy

la estudiante

student (f)

el estudiante

student (m)

el pupitre

student desk

las materias

subjects, courses

el (la) maestro(a)

teacher

el apartamento

the apartment

la cafetería

the cafeteria

el gimnasio

the gym

la oficina

the office

la facultad de administración de empresas

the school of business administration

la facultad de educación

the school of education

la facultad de ingeniería

the school of engineering

la facultad de lenguas extranjeras

the school of foreign languages

la facultad de periodismo

the school of journalism

la facultad de medicina

the school of medicine

la facultad de ciencias

the school of sciences

la facultad de ciencias sociales

the school of social sciences

la pantalla

the screen

el centro estudiantil

the student center

el teatro

theater

allí

there

ellos(as)

they

contestar

to answer

llegar a la clase

to arrive at class -Ex: Ella llega a la clase de historia.

preguntar

to ask (a question)

ser

to be

comprar

to buy

llamar

to call; to phone

bailar

to dance

dibujar

to draw

entrar

to enter

terminar

to finish

ayudar

to help

esperar

to hope; to expect; to wait

escuchar música

to listen to music -Ex: Tú escuchas música en tu cuarto (room).

buscar

to look for

necesitar

to need

pagar

to pay

practicar

to practice

descansar por una hora

to rest for an hour -Ex: Yo descanso por una hora.

regresar a casa

to return home -Ex: Vosotros regresáis a casa.

mandar cartes/mensajes

to send letters/messages -Ex: Usted manda cartas a su mamá.

cantar

to sing

pasar tiempo

to spend (time); to pass

estudiar en la biblioteca

to study in the library -Ex: Él estudia español en la biblioteca.

tomar clases/exámenes

to take classes/tests -Ex: Nosotros tomamos un examen mañana

enseñar

to teach

tocar

to touch; to play an instrument

viajar

to travel

usar

to use

To ask or tell what time an event occurs

A qué hora es la clase de matemáticas? A las once de la mañana.

Y usted?

And you? (Formal)

Y tú?

And you? (Informal)

Ritmos y música (Rhythms and music)

At present the musical collaboration between artists is very common. In some cases, this collaboration beyond borders and musical styles. For example, the Spanish pop singer Alejandro Sanz combines his talents with the R & B singer Alicia Keys to produce his hit "Looking for Paradise"

¿A qué hora...?

At what time...?

Chao

Bye

visitar

to visit

caminar

to walk

desear

to want/wish

mirar

to watch

trabajar por la noche

to work at night -Ex: Ellos trabajan por la noche

hoy

today

mañana

tomorrow

el chino

Chinese

Despedidas

Farewells

Bien, gracias

Fine, thanks

Preguntas formales

Formal questions

el francés

French

viernes

Friday

¿De dónde?

From where?

el alemán

German

Buenas noches

Good night

Adíos

Good-bye

¡Hola!

Hi (informal)

Cómo está usted?

How are you? (Formal)

Cómo estás?

How are you? (Informal)

¿Cuántos(as)?

How many?

¿Cuánto(a)?

How much?

Cómo te va?

How's it going? (Informal)

¿Como?

How?

yo

I

(Yo) Soy

I am

(Yo) Soy de

I'm from

Latin America "Ustedes"

In Latin America, ustedes is the plural form for both tú and usted

Preguntas informales

Informal questions

el italiano

Italian

el japonés

Japanese

13

trece

30

treinta

3

tres

1

uno

20

veinte

25

veinticinco

Señorita (Srta)

Miss

lunes

Monday

Señor (Sr)

Mr.

Señora (Sra)

Mrs. Ms.

Me llamo

My name is

Encantada

Nice to meet you (f)

Mucho gusto

Nice to meet you (m&f)

Encantado

Nice to meet you (m)

24

veinticuatro

22

veintidós

29

veintinueve

28

veintiocho

27

veintisiete

26

veintiséis

23

veintitrés

21

veintiuno

el reloj

watch, clock

nosotros(as)

we

la semana

week

el fin de semana

weekend

blanco

white

la mujer

woman

la palabra

word

amarillo

yellow

ustedes

you

usted

you (formal)

you (informal)

vosotros(as)

you (informal: Spain)

Por favor

Please

el portugués

Portuguese

Bastante bien

Pretty well

Respuestas

Replies

el ruso

Russian

sábado

Saturday

Hasta luego

See you later

Nos vemos

See you later

Hasta pronto

See you soon

Hasta mañana

See you tomorrow

Más o menos

So-so

el español

Spanish

15

quince

Títulos

Titles

martes

Tuesday

Palabras útiles

Useful words

miércoles

Wednesday

¿Qué día es hoy?

What day is today?

Cómo se llama usted?

What is your name? (Formal)

Cómo te llamas?

What is your name? (Informal)

¿Qué hora es?

What time is it?

Qué tal?

What's up? (Informal)

¿Qué?

What?

¿Cuándo?

When?

De dónde es usted?

Where are you from? (Formal)

De dónde eres?

Where are you from? (Informal)

¿Cuál(es)?

Which?

¿Quién(es)?

Who?

¿Por qué?

Why?

mucho

a lot

la contabilidad

accounting

actor

actor

el (la) consejero(a)

adviser

siempre

always

y

and

la arquitectura

architecture

el arte

art

artista

artist

atleta

athlete

la mochila

backpack

el bolígrafo

ballpoint pen

la biología

biology

negro

black

azul

blue

el libro (de texto)

book (text book)

la librería

bookstore

el chico/el muchacho

boy

el (la) novio(a)

boyfriend/girlfriend

marrón

brown

la calculadora

calculator

el calendario

calendar

14

catorce

0

cero

la silla

chair

la tiza

chalk

la pizarra

chalkboard

la química

chemistry

rojo

red

ahora

right now

el (la) compañero(a) de cuarto

roommate

escuela

school

la facultad

school, department

las ciencias

sciences

6

seis

varios

several

7

siete

la sociología

sociology

vosotros(as)

sois

a veces

sometimes

nosotros(as)

somos

ellos(as), ustedes

son

(Muy) Bien

(Very) Well

(muy) poco

(very) little

(muy) mal

(very) poorly

(muy) bien

(very) well

yo

soy

Masculine nouns

-Nouns referring to males and most nouns ending in -o are masculine -Most nouns ending in -l or -r are masculine -Many words that end in -ma and -ta are masculine (Ex: el problema, el tema, el cometa, el planeta) -Exceptions: el día (day), el mapa

La ciudad de San Agustín en Florida

-Oldest city of hispanic origin in the US -The city opened its doors in 1565, thanks to the work of Spanish Pedro Menendez de Aviles. The oldest wooden school in San Agustin is also. It is the first school in the United States welcomes boys and girls in a classroom.

Simon Bolivar

-One of South America's greatest generals -Victories over the Spaniards in the War of Independence won independence for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela -Known as El Liberatador

Negate a sentence

-Place no in front of the verb; if the sentence is already negated remove the no before the verb -Ex: Raquel es la madre de María José. Raquel is María José's mother. -Ex: Raquel no es la madre de María José. Raquel is not María José's mother.

To ask a question in Spanish

-Place the verb before the adjective -Ex: Es cómica Katie? -Sí, Katie es cómica. -No, Katie no es cómica.

On the quarter hour (45)

-Son las ocho menos cuarto de la mañana. Its a quarter to eight am. -Son las siete y cuarenta y cinco. It's seven forty-five.

On the quarter hour (15)

-Son las siete y cuarto de la mañana. It's a quarter past seven am. -Son las siete y quince. It's seven fifteen.

On the half hour (30)

-Son las siete y media de la mañana. Son las siete y treinta. It's seven thirty am.

Changes to 21

-The number "veintiuno" changes to "veintiún" before a plural masculine -Ex: Hay veintiún estudiantes. There are twenty-one students.

Present tense of regular -ar verbes

-To form the present tense of Spanish verbs ending in -ar drop the infinitive ending and add a personal ending to the stem -Yo = o -Tú = as -Usted, él/ella = a -Nosotros(as) = amos -Vosotros(as) = áis -Ustedes, ellos/ellas = an

Es

-Use "es" to tell time between 12:35 (Es la una menons veinticinco) and 1:30 (es la una y media). -Otherwise use son because it refers to more than one hour (it is plural)

The plural form of tú is vosotros

-Vosotros: Referring to males only or to a mixed group of males and females -Ex: David y María, vosotros sois mis amigos. David and Maria, you are my friends. -Vosotras: Referring to females only -Ex: Alicia y Reginia, vosotras sois muy sinceras. Alicia and Regina, you are very sincere.

¿Cuál? Explanation

-Which? -Used more frequently in Spanish than in English -It has the same meaning as What? when someone's name, address, or telephone number is being asked -When it refers to a plural noun it becomes "Cuáles?" -Ex: Cuál es tu nombre? What is your name? -Ex: Cuál es tu número de teléfono? What is your telephone number? -Ex: Cuál es tu dirección? What is your address -Ex: Cuáles son tus amigos? Which ones are your friends?

Definite articles

-el, la, los, las -the

La Alhambra

-one of the most famous Moorish places to visit -Ancient palace, mosque, and fortress complex -Residence of Muslim kings and their courts

hay

-there is, there are -use for existence of people, places, and things -Ex: Cuántas personas hay en tu clase de español? How many people are there in your Spanish Class? -Ex: Hay una profesora y veintisiete estudiantes. There is only one teacher and twenty-seven students.

Indefinite articles

-un, una (a, an) -unos, unas (some)

3 Different forms of uno

1) When counting the form "uno" is used 2) When preceding a singular masculine noun, the -o is dropped to form "un" (un señor, un profesor) 3) Before a singular feminine noun, "una" is used (una señora, una profesora)

Hispanics % of population in US

15.1%

How many Spanish speaking countries?

21

How many hispanics in the US?

46.9 million; largest minority group in the US

domingo

Sunday

Artes plásticas (visual arts)

The mural is one of the oldest forms of artistic expression. The remarkable Mexican muralist Diego Rivera is famous for his realistic murals social content. An example of his art can be seen in the Detroit Institute of Arts. In this mural, Rivera represents the glory of the mechanical industry in the United States.

El gusto es mío

The pleasure is mine (m&f)

jueves

Thursday

el (la) presidente/rector(a) de la universidad

president of the university

la profesora

profesor (f)

el profesor

profesor (m)

la sicología

psychology

morado

purple


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