speech ch 1-5
Q: anything that interferes with receiving or interpreting a message is known as
noise (an interference in the encoding and decoding process)
a variety of codes can be used to communicate the same meaning. in other words, ____ communication is not an exact science
nonverbal
in interpersonal communication, a variety of ____ codes might convey the same meaning
nonverbal
most active-listening ability is shown through ___ communication
nonverbal
the physical setting affects the potential meaning of a ____ cue
nonverbal
when you use messages instead of words to create meaning, you are engaging in ____ communication
nonverbal
the failure to interpret ____ leads to misunderstandings in communication
nonverbal codes
one can become a better listener by employing which of the following
nonverbal communication, verbal communication, critical thinking
an example of communication using symbols that are not words is
nonword vocalization
the activity of ___ in perception involves the grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes
organization
falling to use regional terms can mark you as an
outsider
the nonword characteristics of language are known as ____ features
paralinguistic
to avoid heterosexist language, you could correct the phrase "spouses are welcome" to "____ are welcome"
partners
instead of processing each sound separately, our working memory recognizes ___ of sounds
patterns
monochronic culture
people from monochronic cultures tend to be very controlling about their time and often work alone on single task
the tendency to see, hear, and believe only what you want to see, hear, and believe is selective
perception
the term ___ is defined as "the process of using the senses to acquire information about the surrounding environment or situation"
perception
a process of describing, interpreting, and verifying that helps us understand individual people and their messages more accurately is called
perceptual checking
the concept that best explains how your past experiences influence your perceptions in a way that is difficult to change is called
perceptual constancy
saying "i should have gone to the party" instead of "i should have went to the party" would be an example of avoiding
a grammatical mistake
which of the following are major reasons why communication is essential
effective communication can improve your relationships with others, communicating effectively can help in problem solving, communication plays a central role in life
true of false: interpersonal communication involves at least two people
false
true or false: mental concentration is one of the activities that occurs during perception
false
Q: offering personal reactions or judgments is known as descriptiveness
false (is the practicing of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions or judgements)
the verbal and nonverbal responses of a receiver to a source's message are called
feedback
stimuli can be organized in a number of ways, including through
figure and ground, closure, similarity, and proximity
one way to organize stimuli is through ____, or the focal point of your attention, and ____, the backdrop against which your focused attention occurs
figure, ground
an intial opinion about people upon meeting them is a
first impression
one of the benefits of studying comprehensively is that it can help you make use of the constitutionally protected
freedom of speech
the use of personal space can be affected by which of the following physical settings
furniture arrangements, physical obstacles, and room size
when describing a friend, which of the following would be examples of the best classification groups to help identify her in a crowd
gender, hair color, and height
which of the following are verbal skills that are important for effective active listening
identifying areas of agreement, varying verbal responses, asking questions
which of the following skills are useful in testing your understanding of a speaker's intended message
identifying areas of confusion, paraphrasing the speaker's message, inviting clarification
height, weight, and gender identity are examples of ___ factors that can affect perception
identity
which of the following are among Ekman's categorizations of movement?
illustrators, regulators, adaptors, emblems, affect displays
we retain thoughts needed for ___ in our shot-term memory
immediate use
identifying the uniqueness of people, objects, and events is called ____
indexing
there are many different kinds of vocal cues. alterations in pitch are referred to as ____, and the clarity or distinction with which you form a word is your ____.
inflection and enunciation
tirofijo restaurant new york
information literacy (not vocabulary comprehension)
effective listening is becoming increasingly important as we shift from an industrial to a(n) ___ economy
information-based
perception that involves a blend of internal states and external stimuli is known as
interpretive perception
a speech of self-____ may be assigned to help you explore who you are
introduction
children are more likely to learn how to process complex information when they are encouraged to discuss
a variety of topics
when the mind methodically selects and organizes sensory input, it is engaged in ____ perception
active
during public communication the source ___ his or her message to facilitate maximum ___ by the audience
adapts; understanding
based on the results of Sidney Jourard's study, rank the following groups of people by how often they touched, with the highest number at the top
adults in San Juan... Paris France... Gainesville... London
which of the following would be considered to have culture
microsoft, princeton, and zimbabwe
studies have shown that people educated in communication are able to obtain ___ then people who do not receive such education
more desirable jobs
the "ability to navigate an increasingly diverse world" is an important benefit of studying communication comprehensively because ___ are becoming more common in everyday life
multilingual communication encounters
according to a 2010 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children 2 years of age and older spend at least ___ hours per day watching television
2
the international listening association reported that, across nine different studies, people spend an average of ___ percent of their time listening
44
differences in perception may be the result of people's past experiences and roles, their cultures and co-cultures, their present feelings and circumstances, or these differences may result from ___ factors
physiological
our working memory instructs our long-term memory to create new schema for new information we receive that does not relate to ___ schema
preexisting
a preformed and usually negative opinion based on irrational feelings or inaccurate or insufficient is
prejudice
lab partner
present feelings and circumstances influenced communication
differences in perception between two people may be the result of people's
present feelings and circumstances, past experiences and roles, and identity factors
which of the following statements are sex, the brain, and perceptual differences between males and females is not correct
there is a great deal of conclusive evidence establishing an anatomical difference between male and female brains
true or false: the channel used can potentially influence the meaning assigned to the message
true
match the following characteristics to the correct distance as developed by anthropologist Edward T. Hall
* most likely to evoke a positive response: intimate distance *most likely to be used for everyday conversation: personal distance *most likely to be used to conduct business in less formal situations: social distance *most likely to be employed between a lecturing professor and students: public distance
Affect displays, regulators, or adaptors?
*affect displays: 1) sokiri is a huge tennis fan 2) annoyed with derek *regulators: 1) sharing a drink at the bar 2) roya glances at the TV *adaptors: 1) savannah twists hair 2) when speaking in public
match the nonverbal form to the correct message of state of being it intends to display, as classified by Albert Mehrabian
*direct eye contact and body orientation, close proximity: liking *limited eye contact and big gestures: status *spontaneous gestures and more shifting of body position: responsiveness
match the following
*empathic listening:you are fully engaged in the moment and you attempt to perceive another's worldview as though it were your own *critical listening: you challenge the speaker's message by evaluating the accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility
match the following
*ignoring a speaker after she mentions a political candidate you hate: semantic distraction *ignoring all but the CEO's comments in a business meeting: status *not paying attention to the thoughts of a newbie stamp collector: experiential superiority *listening with excitement to the shocking: factual distraction *interpreting critiques of your work: defensiveness
match the following
*nonverbal movements that substitute for words: emblems *nonverbal movements that can reinforce verbal messages: illustrators *nonverbal movements that show emotion: affect displays *nonverbal movements that can be used to alter the pace of a conversation: regulators *unintended nonverbal movements that are often used without notice by the doer: adaptors
match the following
*selective exposure: you see, hear, read, and otherwise experience information that reinforces rather than contradicts, your beliefs and opinions *selective attention: you focus on certain cues and ignore others *selective perception: you tend to see, hear, and believe only what you want to see, hear, and believe *selective retention: you tend to remember the things that reinforce your beliefs rather than those that oppose them
match the following
*some stimuli are focused on and others are ignored: selection *stimuli are arranged in meaningful units or groups: organization *stimuli are assigned meaning: interpretation
which of the following are among the bases for our perceptions of others
a creative process, a subjective process, an active process
because a nonverbal code can have several different meanings, it can result in
ambiguity
people are more likely to pay attention to ____ facial expressions than to neutral ones
angry
ornaments that hold communicative potential, such as jewelry, cosmetics, watches, shoes, and tattoos, are known as
artifacts
when you engage in the activity of interpretation, you ___ stimuli
assign meaning to
zuela working memory
assign meaning to her mother's use of "practice"
even when you do expose yourself to information and ideas, you focus on certain cues and ignore others, which is selective
attention
american culture places importance on women being more physically ____ than men
attractive
noise and your perception of others are all potential ___ to effective listening
barriers
it could be argued that the often-repeated statement "we need more communication" should be replaced with "we need ___ communication"
better
the brain translates vibrations picked up by the small ___ of the ear into sensation
bones
biased language
chairman
mansour social media listening
checked the organization's twitter feed
in the study of temporal communication, also known as ____, a person who is chasing dreams or always making plans is living in the future
chronemics
the study of messages people create through their organization and use of time is referred to as
chronemics
feelings of decreased ___ can result from slow email responses
closeness
in a conversation with your best friend from high school, the language you use is a ___
code
backing away from a conversation when others appear to be too close can make Americans seem ____ by people from other cultures
cold
an operational definition is used to make an abstract concept ____
concrete
language that is precise and specific rather than abstract or vague is called ____ language
concrete
the personalized meaning of a word is formally called its ____
connotative
euphemisms ____ reality
distort
listener analyzes the source of credibility of the speaker
consider that she is an EMT
the case of a woman who is a daughter in her parent's home, a boss at her office, and a wife and mother in her own home would be an example of how roles can change with
context
through sensitivity to which of the following can people improve their understanding of nonverbal communication
context, audience, feedback
which of the following are among the important life skills that can be learned or improved by studying communication
critical thinking, decision making, media literacy, and public speaking
when one person shows respect to a speaker by averting his eyes and another shows respect by looking directly at the speaker, they are exhibiting
cultural differences
to be successful in business in an increasingly competitive global marketplace, it is most imperative to listen to
customers
insufficient touching can result in which of the following
death, allergies, and speech problems
a receiver performs ___ by assigning meaning to the ideas or thoughts being conveyed by a source
decoding
which of the following are ways to be descriptive
defining terms, checking on your perceptions, and paraphrasing
a person cannot alter a words ____ meaning with use, but may alter a words ____ meaning
denotative, conotative
which of the following are examples of paralinguistic vocal cues
enunciation, articulation, silence
interpersonal communication is a means by which people
establish relationships with each other, fulfill their social needs, solve problems and resolve conflicts
which of the following are forms of nonverbal behavior that are important to active listening
establishing direct eye contact, leaning forward, being vocally responsive
which of the following statements about personal identity and communication between a speaker and audience is not accurate
even when shared values with a speaker are unexpected, a strong personal identity match will break through any barriers the audience might have
communication competence is best defined as the ability to effectively ___ through a common ___
exchange meaning; system of symbols or behavior
in selective ____ , you allow yourself to hear, read, or otherwise experience information that reinforces, rather than contradicts, your beliefs and opinions
exposure
which of the following are example of nonverbal codes
facial expression, bodily appearance, and bodily movement
language that people outside a particular group, profession, or culture do not understand is called
jargon
the study of ____ might include examination of a smile, a slouching posture, or hand waving
kinesics
the study of body language, from the Greek word meaning "movement" is called
kinesics
which of the following communication practices will help improve the way others see you
listening when other people speak, and having an extensive vocabulary
female listening behavior Quinn
listens and nods in understanding several times
gestures and emphasis can help a speech become more
lively and powerful
what are the bases for Ekman's categorization of movement
meanings, functions, and origins
mass communication always has a transmission system, or ___ between the sender and the receiver
mediator
which of the following types of information are permanently stored in our long-term memory
memories of sounds, knowledge, language
during communication, a source conveys his or her ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a
message
we define communication as the process of using ___ to generate meaning. communication is considered a ___ because it is an activity, an exchange, or a set of behaviors
messages; process
some forms of ____, or swear words, have a religious origin
profanity
the unique resonance of one's voice, such as huskiness, nasality, or whininess, is known as its ____
quality
cliches can help you express your ideas ____, but your ideas may be ____
quickly; misunderstood
which of the following is not a behavior in which an ethical listener would engage
recognizing that you do not have to work very hard to be a good listener
the statement, "studying communication can increase what you know about human relationships" holds true because you will learn about how people ___ and which type of communication is ___
relate to each other; appropriate for a given situation
listening is an important part of communication because it allows us to build and maintain
relationships with others
the process of listening involves ___ messages
responding to, constructing the meaning of, receiving
the fact that communication involves choices has powerful implications, and it also involves
risk
the past played by somebody in a given social context is a
role
karen tells nalia
second-person
you neglect some stimuli in your environment and instead focus on other stimuli through the activity of
selection
byron coffee shop
selective attention
if a person studies the meaning or individual words, how that meaning changes over time, and how those words are used to create meaning for others, she is specifically studying ____
semantics
transactional communication assumes that you are simultaneously a receiver and a ___ and that you can make verbal responses even when actively listening
sender
if people do not stop to check whether they ____ the same perception, they can end up having disagreements
share
multitasking results in a greater strain on both working and ___ memory
short-term
which of the following statements about short-term memory are true?
short-term memory is limited in the amount of information that it can store, information reaches short term memory from working memory
which of the following are important determinants of personal space
size, similarity, and sex
___ listening occurs when an organization actively monitors and responds to messages on any type of social media platform
social media
a person comfortable with touching is more likely to be which of the following?
socially acceptable, assertive, self-confident
which of the following is most likely to occur if you use the word "aint" in a formal setting
some listeners will form a negative impression of you
two common errors in perception include
stereotyping, relying on first impression
which of the following are ways that nonverbal communication work together
substituting, emphasizing, and repeating
the process of development of the self through the messages and feedback received from others is known as
symbolic interactionism
language is a collection of ____ used to communicate
symbols, letters, or words
Q: what rules govern the order of words within phrases and clauses
syntactic rules (the way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences)
one of the best ways to learn about yourself is to
talk to people who know you
being cold, feeling hungry, or being tired are all ___ conditions that can affect your perceptions
temporal
the need to establish certain spaces as your own is known as
territoriality
which of the following are examples of digitally mediated communication
text messages, emails
perceptual checking is a process
that helps us understand another person and his or her message more accurately of describing, interpreting, and verifying
euphemism
the birds and the bees (instead of sex)
which of the following help define the context in which a communication event takes place
the building or space where communication occurs, the number of people involved, the relationships between the participants
how do the sentences "will i see you tomorrow" and "i will see you tomorrow" differ because of their word order
the meaning of the sentences changed
as people make their first impressions, they also compare the new person to
themselves
medical students are now trained to provide nonverbal communication including ____, to their patients
touching
Q: communication plays a major role in nearly every aspect of your life
true
Q: students should listen for lecture cues that stress points in a lesson
true
our perceptions of others are ____
unique
people's sensitivity to nonverbal cues is
variable
the meaning of a question such as "how are you" is
variable
the ____ is a good example of nonverbal communication
verbal cue
volume, inflection, and pitch are all examples of
vocal cues
studies of the space that people use in communicating have shown that, compared to men, women
want greater relational closeness, and take less space
the statement "studying communication can improve the way you see yourself" holds true because through such study
we learn about ourselves and increase our self-confidence
an operational definition can be used to identify an object by describing
what it is composed of, how it is made, and how it works
you would most likely use slang
with your friends
which of the following statements are correct
women are touched more than men, males may use touch to indicate power or dominance, and women value touch more than men do
jargon
words that doctors use that you don't understand (ex- laptrotomy and midline incision)
which of the following is an example of closure
you hear someone say "united we stand" and you fill in the words "divided we fall"
your perceptions of others are influenced by
your past experience, the personal identity you have developed until now
subjective perception is
your uniquely constructed meaning attibuted to stimuli