speech ch 1-5

Q: anything that interferes with receiving or interpreting a message is known as

noise (an interference in the encoding and decoding process)

a variety of codes can be used to communicate the same meaning. in other words, ____ communication is not an exact science

nonverbal

in interpersonal communication, a variety of ____ codes might convey the same meaning

nonverbal

most active-listening ability is shown through ___ communication

nonverbal

the physical setting affects the potential meaning of a ____ cue

nonverbal

when you use messages instead of words to create meaning, you are engaging in ____ communication

nonverbal

the failure to interpret ____ leads to misunderstandings in communication

nonverbal codes

one can become a better listener by employing which of the following

nonverbal communication, verbal communication, critical thinking

an example of communication using symbols that are not words is

nonword vocalization

the activity of ___ in perception involves the grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes

organization

falling to use regional terms can mark you as an

outsider

the nonword characteristics of language are known as ____ features

paralinguistic

to avoid heterosexist language, you could correct the phrase "spouses are welcome" to "____ are welcome"

partners

instead of processing each sound separately, our working memory recognizes ___ of sounds

patterns

monochronic culture

people from monochronic cultures tend to be very controlling about their time and often work alone on single task

the tendency to see, hear, and believe only what you want to see, hear, and believe is selective

perception

the term ___ is defined as "the process of using the senses to acquire information about the surrounding environment or situation"

perception

a process of describing, interpreting, and verifying that helps us understand individual people and their messages more accurately is called

perceptual checking

the concept that best explains how your past experiences influence your perceptions in a way that is difficult to change is called

perceptual constancy

saying "i should have gone to the party" instead of "i should have went to the party" would be an example of avoiding

a grammatical mistake

which of the following are major reasons why communication is essential

effective communication can improve your relationships with others, communicating effectively can help in problem solving, communication plays a central role in life

true of false: interpersonal communication involves at least two people

false

true or false: mental concentration is one of the activities that occurs during perception

false

Q: offering personal reactions or judgments is known as descriptiveness

false (is the practicing of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions or judgements)

the verbal and nonverbal responses of a receiver to a source's message are called

feedback

stimuli can be organized in a number of ways, including through

figure and ground, closure, similarity, and proximity

one way to organize stimuli is through ____, or the focal point of your attention, and ____, the backdrop against which your focused attention occurs

figure, ground

an intial opinion about people upon meeting them is a

first impression

one of the benefits of studying comprehensively is that it can help you make use of the constitutionally protected

freedom of speech

the use of personal space can be affected by which of the following physical settings

furniture arrangements, physical obstacles, and room size

when describing a friend, which of the following would be examples of the best classification groups to help identify her in a crowd

gender, hair color, and height

which of the following are verbal skills that are important for effective active listening

identifying areas of agreement, varying verbal responses, asking questions

which of the following skills are useful in testing your understanding of a speaker's intended message

identifying areas of confusion, paraphrasing the speaker's message, inviting clarification

height, weight, and gender identity are examples of ___ factors that can affect perception

identity

which of the following are among Ekman's categorizations of movement?

illustrators, regulators, adaptors, emblems, affect displays

we retain thoughts needed for ___ in our shot-term memory

immediate use

identifying the uniqueness of people, objects, and events is called ____

indexing

there are many different kinds of vocal cues. alterations in pitch are referred to as ____, and the clarity or distinction with which you form a word is your ____.

inflection and enunciation

tirofijo restaurant new york

information literacy (not vocabulary comprehension)

effective listening is becoming increasingly important as we shift from an industrial to a(n) ___ economy

information-based

perception that involves a blend of internal states and external stimuli is known as

interpretive perception

a speech of self-____ may be assigned to help you explore who you are

introduction

children are more likely to learn how to process complex information when they are encouraged to discuss

a variety of topics

when the mind methodically selects and organizes sensory input, it is engaged in ____ perception

active

during public communication the source ___ his or her message to facilitate maximum ___ by the audience

adapts; understanding

based on the results of Sidney Jourard's study, rank the following groups of people by how often they touched, with the highest number at the top

adults in San Juan... Paris France... Gainesville... London

which of the following would be considered to have culture

microsoft, princeton, and zimbabwe

studies have shown that people educated in communication are able to obtain ___ then people who do not receive such education

more desirable jobs

the "ability to navigate an increasingly diverse world" is an important benefit of studying communication comprehensively because ___ are becoming more common in everyday life

multilingual communication encounters

according to a 2010 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children 2 years of age and older spend at least ___ hours per day watching television

2

the international listening association reported that, across nine different studies, people spend an average of ___ percent of their time listening

44

differences in perception may be the result of people's past experiences and roles, their cultures and co-cultures, their present feelings and circumstances, or these differences may result from ___ factors

physiological

our working memory instructs our long-term memory to create new schema for new information we receive that does not relate to ___ schema

preexisting

a preformed and usually negative opinion based on irrational feelings or inaccurate or insufficient is

prejudice

lab partner

present feelings and circumstances influenced communication

differences in perception between two people may be the result of people's

present feelings and circumstances, past experiences and roles, and identity factors

which of the following statements are sex, the brain, and perceptual differences between males and females is not correct

there is a great deal of conclusive evidence establishing an anatomical difference between male and female brains

true or false: the channel used can potentially influence the meaning assigned to the message

true

match the following characteristics to the correct distance as developed by anthropologist Edward T. Hall

* most likely to evoke a positive response: intimate distance *most likely to be used for everyday conversation: personal distance *most likely to be used to conduct business in less formal situations: social distance *most likely to be employed between a lecturing professor and students: public distance

Affect displays, regulators, or adaptors?

*affect displays: 1) sokiri is a huge tennis fan 2) annoyed with derek *regulators: 1) sharing a drink at the bar 2) roya glances at the TV *adaptors: 1) savannah twists hair 2) when speaking in public

match the nonverbal form to the correct message of state of being it intends to display, as classified by Albert Mehrabian

*direct eye contact and body orientation, close proximity: liking *limited eye contact and big gestures: status *spontaneous gestures and more shifting of body position: responsiveness

match the following

*empathic listening:you are fully engaged in the moment and you attempt to perceive another's worldview as though it were your own *critical listening: you challenge the speaker's message by evaluating the accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility

match the following

*ignoring a speaker after she mentions a political candidate you hate: semantic distraction *ignoring all but the CEO's comments in a business meeting: status *not paying attention to the thoughts of a newbie stamp collector: experiential superiority *listening with excitement to the shocking: factual distraction *interpreting critiques of your work: defensiveness

match the following

*nonverbal movements that substitute for words: emblems *nonverbal movements that can reinforce verbal messages: illustrators *nonverbal movements that show emotion: affect displays *nonverbal movements that can be used to alter the pace of a conversation: regulators *unintended nonverbal movements that are often used without notice by the doer: adaptors

match the following

*selective exposure: you see, hear, read, and otherwise experience information that reinforces rather than contradicts, your beliefs and opinions *selective attention: you focus on certain cues and ignore others *selective perception: you tend to see, hear, and believe only what you want to see, hear, and believe *selective retention: you tend to remember the things that reinforce your beliefs rather than those that oppose them

match the following

*some stimuli are focused on and others are ignored: selection *stimuli are arranged in meaningful units or groups: organization *stimuli are assigned meaning: interpretation

which of the following are among the bases for our perceptions of others

a creative process, a subjective process, an active process

because a nonverbal code can have several different meanings, it can result in

ambiguity

people are more likely to pay attention to ____ facial expressions than to neutral ones

angry

ornaments that hold communicative potential, such as jewelry, cosmetics, watches, shoes, and tattoos, are known as

artifacts

when you engage in the activity of interpretation, you ___ stimuli

assign meaning to

zuela working memory

assign meaning to her mother's use of "practice"

even when you do expose yourself to information and ideas, you focus on certain cues and ignore others, which is selective

attention

american culture places importance on women being more physically ____ than men

attractive

noise and your perception of others are all potential ___ to effective listening

barriers

it could be argued that the often-repeated statement "we need more communication" should be replaced with "we need ___ communication"

better

the brain translates vibrations picked up by the small ___ of the ear into sensation

bones

biased language

chairman

mansour social media listening

checked the organization's twitter feed

in the study of temporal communication, also known as ____, a person who is chasing dreams or always making plans is living in the future

chronemics

the study of messages people create through their organization and use of time is referred to as

chronemics

feelings of decreased ___ can result from slow email responses

closeness

in a conversation with your best friend from high school, the language you use is a ___

code

backing away from a conversation when others appear to be too close can make Americans seem ____ by people from other cultures

cold

an operational definition is used to make an abstract concept ____

concrete

language that is precise and specific rather than abstract or vague is called ____ language

concrete

the personalized meaning of a word is formally called its ____

connotative

euphemisms ____ reality

distort

listener analyzes the source of credibility of the speaker

consider that she is an EMT

the case of a woman who is a daughter in her parent's home, a boss at her office, and a wife and mother in her own home would be an example of how roles can change with

context

through sensitivity to which of the following can people improve their understanding of nonverbal communication

context, audience, feedback

which of the following are among the important life skills that can be learned or improved by studying communication

critical thinking, decision making, media literacy, and public speaking

when one person shows respect to a speaker by averting his eyes and another shows respect by looking directly at the speaker, they are exhibiting

cultural differences

to be successful in business in an increasingly competitive global marketplace, it is most imperative to listen to

customers

insufficient touching can result in which of the following

death, allergies, and speech problems

a receiver performs ___ by assigning meaning to the ideas or thoughts being conveyed by a source

decoding

which of the following are ways to be descriptive

defining terms, checking on your perceptions, and paraphrasing

a person cannot alter a words ____ meaning with use, but may alter a words ____ meaning

denotative, conotative

which of the following are examples of paralinguistic vocal cues

enunciation, articulation, silence

interpersonal communication is a means by which people

establish relationships with each other, fulfill their social needs, solve problems and resolve conflicts

which of the following are forms of nonverbal behavior that are important to active listening

establishing direct eye contact, leaning forward, being vocally responsive

which of the following statements about personal identity and communication between a speaker and audience is not accurate

even when shared values with a speaker are unexpected, a strong personal identity match will break through any barriers the audience might have

communication competence is best defined as the ability to effectively ___ through a common ___

exchange meaning; system of symbols or behavior

in selective ____ , you allow yourself to hear, read, or otherwise experience information that reinforces, rather than contradicts, your beliefs and opinions

exposure

which of the following are example of nonverbal codes

facial expression, bodily appearance, and bodily movement

language that people outside a particular group, profession, or culture do not understand is called

jargon

the study of ____ might include examination of a smile, a slouching posture, or hand waving

kinesics

the study of body language, from the Greek word meaning "movement" is called

kinesics

which of the following communication practices will help improve the way others see you

listening when other people speak, and having an extensive vocabulary

female listening behavior Quinn

listens and nods in understanding several times

gestures and emphasis can help a speech become more

lively and powerful

what are the bases for Ekman's categorization of movement

meanings, functions, and origins

mass communication always has a transmission system, or ___ between the sender and the receiver

mediator

which of the following types of information are permanently stored in our long-term memory

memories of sounds, knowledge, language

during communication, a source conveys his or her ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a

message

we define communication as the process of using ___ to generate meaning. communication is considered a ___ because it is an activity, an exchange, or a set of behaviors

messages; process

some forms of ____, or swear words, have a religious origin

profanity

the unique resonance of one's voice, such as huskiness, nasality, or whininess, is known as its ____

quality

cliches can help you express your ideas ____, but your ideas may be ____

quickly; misunderstood

which of the following is not a behavior in which an ethical listener would engage

recognizing that you do not have to work very hard to be a good listener

the statement, "studying communication can increase what you know about human relationships" holds true because you will learn about how people ___ and which type of communication is ___

relate to each other; appropriate for a given situation

listening is an important part of communication because it allows us to build and maintain

relationships with others

the process of listening involves ___ messages

responding to, constructing the meaning of, receiving

the fact that communication involves choices has powerful implications, and it also involves

risk

the past played by somebody in a given social context is a

role

karen tells nalia

second-person

you neglect some stimuli in your environment and instead focus on other stimuli through the activity of

selection

byron coffee shop

selective attention

if a person studies the meaning or individual words, how that meaning changes over time, and how those words are used to create meaning for others, she is specifically studying ____

semantics

transactional communication assumes that you are simultaneously a receiver and a ___ and that you can make verbal responses even when actively listening

sender

if people do not stop to check whether they ____ the same perception, they can end up having disagreements

share

multitasking results in a greater strain on both working and ___ memory

short-term

which of the following statements about short-term memory are true?

short-term memory is limited in the amount of information that it can store, information reaches short term memory from working memory

which of the following are important determinants of personal space

size, similarity, and sex

___ listening occurs when an organization actively monitors and responds to messages on any type of social media platform

social media

a person comfortable with touching is more likely to be which of the following?

socially acceptable, assertive, self-confident

which of the following is most likely to occur if you use the word "aint" in a formal setting

some listeners will form a negative impression of you

two common errors in perception include

stereotyping, relying on first impression

which of the following are ways that nonverbal communication work together

substituting, emphasizing, and repeating

the process of development of the self through the messages and feedback received from others is known as

symbolic interactionism

language is a collection of ____ used to communicate

symbols, letters, or words

Q: what rules govern the order of words within phrases and clauses

syntactic rules (the way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences)

one of the best ways to learn about yourself is to

talk to people who know you

being cold, feeling hungry, or being tired are all ___ conditions that can affect your perceptions

temporal

the need to establish certain spaces as your own is known as

territoriality

which of the following are examples of digitally mediated communication

text messages, emails

perceptual checking is a process

that helps us understand another person and his or her message more accurately of describing, interpreting, and verifying

euphemism

the birds and the bees (instead of sex)

which of the following help define the context in which a communication event takes place

the building or space where communication occurs, the number of people involved, the relationships between the participants

how do the sentences "will i see you tomorrow" and "i will see you tomorrow" differ because of their word order

the meaning of the sentences changed

as people make their first impressions, they also compare the new person to

themselves

medical students are now trained to provide nonverbal communication including ____, to their patients

touching

Q: communication plays a major role in nearly every aspect of your life

true

Q: students should listen for lecture cues that stress points in a lesson

true

our perceptions of others are ____

unique

people's sensitivity to nonverbal cues is

variable

the meaning of a question such as "how are you" is

variable

the ____ is a good example of nonverbal communication

verbal cue

volume, inflection, and pitch are all examples of

vocal cues

studies of the space that people use in communicating have shown that, compared to men, women

want greater relational closeness, and take less space

the statement "studying communication can improve the way you see yourself" holds true because through such study

we learn about ourselves and increase our self-confidence

an operational definition can be used to identify an object by describing

what it is composed of, how it is made, and how it works

you would most likely use slang

with your friends

which of the following statements are correct

women are touched more than men, males may use touch to indicate power or dominance, and women value touch more than men do

jargon

words that doctors use that you don't understand (ex- laptrotomy and midline incision)

which of the following is an example of closure

you hear someone say "united we stand" and you fill in the words "divided we fall"

your perceptions of others are influenced by

your past experience, the personal identity you have developed until now

subjective perception is

your uniquely constructed meaning attibuted to stimuli