Speech: Chapter 9

The ____________ is the longest and most important part of the speech.

body

____________ order results when you divide the speech topic into subtopics, each of which becomes a main point in the speech.

Topical

True/False: Research shows that a well-organized speech can increase the speaker's competence and trustworthiness in the minds of listeners.

True

True/False: Questions are particularly effective as signposts because they invite subliminal answers and thereby get the audience more involved in the speech.

True:

define problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

define topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

define spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional patter

define chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

define causal order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship

define internal preview

a statement in the body of a speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

define internal summary

a statement in the body of a speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

define signpost

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

define connective

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

define transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Words such as "First," "Next," "Finally," and "Above all" are often used as ____________ to indicate where a speaker is in the speech or to help focus attention on key issues.

signposts

Here are the main points for an informative speech about UFOs: I. Roswell, New Mexico, has been the focus of intense speculation about UFOs since a mysterious aircraft crashed there in 1947. II. Area S-4 of Nellis Air Force range in Groom Lake, Nevada, is believed by some people to be a scene of UFO activity. III. Other places known for reported UFO activities include Wisconsin, Alabama, and upstate New York. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

spatial

define main points. Most speeches contain how many.

the major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.

define supporting materials

the materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony

The most effective order of main points in a speech depends on your

topic, purpose, and audience.

Here are the main points for a speech about swing music: I. Swing music involves a slight rhythmic hesitation. II. Swing music is rooted in jazz forms such as ragtime and blues. III. Swing music is closely identified with the "Big Band" sound. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

topical

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose, "To inform my audience about the four major elements in a landscape painting"?

topical

Which is the transition in the following speech passage: (1)Beans were second only to corn in the Aztec diet. Tomatoes, avocadoes, and several varieties of squash were also common. Dogs, turkeys, and Muscovy ducks were the only domesticated animals in ancient Mesoamerica. (2)All of these were used for food, but they made only minor contributions to the Aztec diet. (3)Now that we have learned about the diet of the Aztecs, let's turn to their religion. Religion touched the life of every man, woman, and child in the Aztec world. (4)In purpose and practice, Aztec religion revolved around the forces of nature that affected human existence on a daily basis."

(3) Feedback: A transition is a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another. Notice how both of these functions are accomplished by the phrase, "Now that we have learned about the diet of the Aztecs, let's turn to their religion." Review "Connectives."

Which is the internal preview in the following excerpt from a student speech: (1)In examining the effects of compulsive gambling, we will focus on how it harms the individual, the family, and society. According to the article entitled "Pathological Gambling and the Family," individuals gamble to escape the pressures of everyday life and family responsibility. (2)As a person becomes more and more addicted to gambling, he or she becomes preoccupied and intolerant of losing. He or she may experience headaches, backaches, insomnia, digestive problems, and dramatic increases in blood pressure. In addition to the effects on the gambler, the impact of this addiction on the family can be devastating. (3)According to Jennifer Vogel in her book Crapped Out, the family suffers in numerous ways when a member is a compulsive gambler. Family members may be threatened by loan sharks, and household possessions may be sold off to pay gambling debts. (4)The family often suffers from poor communication, marital conflict, and ineffective parenting."

1: Feedback: An internal preview is a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know the specific points the speaker is going to discuss next.

True/False: It is important to know your main points before you begin researching your speech.

False: Feedback: Main points often emerge as you research the speech and evaluate your findings.

True/False: Most speeches should have six to ten main points.

False: Feedback: Most speeches should have two to five main points. If you have more than five main points, the audience will have trouble sorting them out.

True/False: As explained in your textbook, words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another are called bridges.

False: Feedback: Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another are called transitions.

What are the three tips discussed in your textbook for preparing main points?

Keep main points separate. Try to use the same wording for main points. Balance the amount of time devoted to main points.

____________ order is a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

Spatial

____________ organization involves putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

Strategic

Here are the main points for an informative speech about hospital-acquired infections: I. Over the past 20 years the rate of hospital-acquired infections has increased dramatically. II. The two major causes for this increase are poor sanitary procedures in hospitals and the emergence of new strains of infections. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

causal

Here are the main points for a speech about the major steps of treating a person in shock. I. First, you must position the victim to prevent further injury. II. Second, you need to keep the victim warm. III. Third, you should administer fluids if the victim is conscious. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

chronological

Here are the main points for an informative speech: I. In 1827 the Cherokee tribe of Georgia declared themselves an independent state. II. From 1828 to 1834 the Georgia legislature passed laws that destroyed the Cherokee political structure. III. During the winter of 1838 the Cherokee were driven out of Georgia in a tragic march along a route that became known as the Trail of Tears. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

chronological

According to your textbook, a ____________ is a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.

connective

If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? As I shall explain next, solving the problem of groundwater contamination involves two steps: limiting new development and requiring builders to use more efficient septic systems.

internal preview

According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So far we have learned that Sor Juana was a Mexican nun who lived during the 17th century and that she was exceptionally educated for a woman of her time

internal summary

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging a speech with the central idea, "The problem of adult illiteracy can be solved by a combination of individual and government action."

problem-solution order

define strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience