SPM 4013 Exam 1
Identify the categories of sports swaggering
-Athletic Performance -Prestige
Discuss the global trends in emerging sports and markets.
-Standup paddle boarding -Adventure racing Ultradistance competitions -Bouldering -E-sport -Lack the mass exposure and monetization of major sport -Create additional entertainment and revenue streams BRIC -Major sport event properties have chosen these emerging markets to host their events (BRIC)
History of EPL
-est. in 1992, formerly known as Football League 1st division (1892-1992) -Established with 22 teams, now has 20 -All teams are located in England -Loyal and passionate fans -Parity:Competitive balance -49 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier Leauge in 1992
What is the practice of changing your expectations and behavior to conform to a local culture referred to?
Adaptation
Localization
Adaptation of non local elements to the local context
How to communicate across cultires
Be understood in any culture -Verbal communication: speak clearly, use easily translatable words, speak slowly, use longer pauses, maintain normal volume, use silence appropriately -Nonverbal communication: use gestures thoughtfully, nod appropriately, use eye contact judiciously, mirror the way professionals communicate with each other
Regionalization
Blocs of countries or market areas within a specific geographical cultural or economic condition have developed in the modern era -Taken hold as governing bodies for various sports have created confederations and regional tournaments in addition to the larger, global ones run by international federations such as Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
You are a global manager with team members in the United States and Northern Europe. What should you refrain from doing when building rapport and trust with people from different cultures?
Break the ice by sharing personal information
Emerging Markets
Developing nations with high economic growth rates and potential are commonly referred to as emerging markets -BRIC
How does globalization influence sport today?
Educational and cultural elements -Economic: need to expand markets and drive profits by international companies using sport as a sponsorship platform -Using educational, cultural, and athletic experiences to facilitate social development and change
Reading the cultural environment
Effective global managers: understand how cultures differ, read the environment, and recognize patterns Individualism: time alone, variety in styles, wider personal space, public recognition, and fluid time approach Collectivism: open office space, uniforms, lack of personal style, closer personal approach, privately recognized and punctual time approach
Parity
Ensure small market leagues can compete and have a fair chance to win, level the playing field -Revenue sharing -Salary caps -Player Drafts
What are the differences between global, international, and regional sports? Provide examples of sport in each.
Global: Used to both celebrate culture and the economy and market, driven by economics -Ex: Olympics International: movement of athletes for work, various cultural elements -Ex: EPL Regional: Commodification, maintaining presence at a lower cost -Ex: PanAm Games
What it means to be a leader in different cultures
Hierarchical: use formal titles, executive benefits, and leaders are not questioned Egalitarian: use first names, everyone has an equal voice, and leaders are questioned openly
Describe the tension that exists between homogeneity and heterogeneity in terms of sport and culture.
Knowing how to understand, accept and respect cultural differences -Homo: same -Hetero: diff.
Suppose you're going to give a presentation to a group that may have a culture you're not very familiar with yet. What would be your best approach?
Make a presentation more formal
Top Clubs in European Football
Manchester city Chelsea, Arsenal, Manchester City, Blackburn, and Leicesyer City
Which regions of the world generally value what you know more highly than who you know?
N. America
Taking culture into consideration, which of the following examples of a possible motivator, do you expect to be the most effective?
Offering a promotion in a more hierarchal culture
Examples of Sport Swaggering
Olympic medals, infrastructure, stadiums, progress, superiority, and the illusion of unification
Flexible Expertise
Operational: finance & currency and sales & marketing Communication: time difference, stylistic differences, websites
Shahid Khan
Owner of Jacksonville Jaguars and Fulham FC -represents internationality -born in Pakistan, moved to US at 16 -Designed Bumpers Billionaire
What are the three competencies needed by international sports managers? Provide examples of each.
Personal Reflexivity: Understand yourself & why you do things -Ex: strengths and weaknesses Sensitivity to Cultural Differences: Understanding differences -Ex: Offense v. Appreciation Flexible Expertise: Operational and Communication -Ex: NFL websites in diff. languages
What is an example of egalitarian leadership?
Referring to leaders, by their first names
Gain trust across cultures
Relationship-oriented culture: trust is based on who you know Transactional culture: trust is based on what you know
Nationalism
Socially constructed concept with ever-changing rituals, practices, and historical foundation -Promoting the characteristics of the nation-state itself -We or Us versus Them
Emerging Sports
Sports currently increasing in dominance -lack mass exposure and monetization of major sports leagues or events
Internationalization
The worldwide dissemination of sport, driven, in part, by the development of the 20th-century consumer culture -The movement of athletes around the world in pursuit of work
Why is Sport Swaggering effective?
These spectacles (Olympics) garner an astronomical amount of worldwide media attention, and undoubtedly the media plays a large role in this process of legitimization that host nations, their governments, and subsidiary non-state actors covet, and as such the media assists decision-makers as they swagger via sport
Sensitivity to Cultural Differences
To best understand differences -Focus groups, talking with different people, understanding the particular population, offense versus appreciation, and sensitivity to cultural differences
Promotions and Relegation
Top 3 promoted, Bottom 3 delegated
Personal Reflexivity
Understanding yourself and why you do things -Reflection
UEFA
Union of European Football Associations -Champions leauge -Tournament among all of the European leagues -Conflicts with the National League schedules -Each of the teams can compete in the UEFA Champions Leauge -Real Madrid has qualified 21 times in a row -6 EPL leagues have won the title
Glocalization
When a very local tradition or concept becomes a global entity -The outside cultural forces are rejected, sometimes they are embraced, and other times hybrids of both are accepted -Hybrid forms, combining global and local themes, create a new entity out of one or more cultural elements
Swaggering
centers primarily around using force, or the peaceful display of force, to satisfy personal (business) ambitions or enhance the nation and/or international reputation of those in power -Behavior that is used to enhance national pride, satisfy a leader's ambitions, and enhance the country's image elsewhere
Motivating a team across cultures
cross-cultural motivation -Autonomy -Power -Development -Feedback -Teamwork
Soft Power
involves co-opting rather than coercion and is associated with intangible resources such as culture, ideology, and institutions
You are traveling to your four foreign subsidiaries or the first time. Why should you work on becoming a "cultural anthropologist" as you make your trip?
it will help you look for visible cues that can assist in your understanding of deeper cultural values
Make a positive first impression
perceptions are based on socialized norms -Connect on Linked In before a meeting -Learn the nuances of smiling -Understand the use of personal space -Be sensitive to the appropriate amount of small talk -Err on the side of greater formality -Know the acceptable amount of physical contact -Have a pulled-together appearance
Nation Branding
practice used by countries to build and manage their reputations; creating an image for a country to feature particular characteristics that make them distinct and appealing
Globalization
the increased interactions and integration among sports organizations and enterprises around the world -Need to expand markets and drive profits by international companies using sport as a sponsorship platform -Process of political, economic and cultural penetrations among nations; Economic considerations play a significant role
Cultural agility
the skill necessary to work comfortably and effectively in different countries and with people from different cultures
Cross Cultural Competencies
what allows us to communicate freely and respectfully with people all over the world
