SPM-chapter1-6

1. A research report showed that the U.S. spends ____ on projects every year.

$2.3 trillion

28. In ____, Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories. a. 1897 c. 1927 b. 1917 d. 1957

1917

17. According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, ____ percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers. a. 75 c. 97 b. 80 d. 100

97

33. ____ was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft. a. Artemis c. Vega b. Columbia d. Oberlin

Artemis

38. The Project Management ____, a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions. a. Center c. Consortium b. Alliance d. Facility

Center

18. All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization describes the ____ best practice for project delivery. a. Use an integrated toolbox b. Grow project leaders c. Develop a streamlined project delivery process d. Measure project health using metrics

Develop a streamlined project delivery process

19. ____ project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization. a. Investment c. Enterprise b. Active d. Budget

Enterprise

12. Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.

False

14. There are six core knowledge areas of project management.

False

40. ____ tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects. a. Low-end c. High-end b. Midrange d. Inexpensive

High-end

39. ____ tools are often recommended for small projects and single users. a. Low-end c. High-end b. Midrange d. Expensive

Low-end

34. A PMO, or Project ____ Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. a. Management c. Municipal b. Money d. Marketing

Management

26. Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the ____. a. Great Wall of China c. Egyptian pyramids b. first space shuttle d. Manhattan Project

Manhattan Project

31. The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the ____ path. a. essential c. critical b. important d. vital

critical

4. Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross ____ or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes.

departmental

8. In the example of the project of building a house, the project sponsors would be the potential ____. a. contractors c. managers b. support staff d. new homeowners

new homeowners

35. Many organizations are now using enterprise or project ____ management software to help manage projects. a. path c. institute b. portfolio d. office

portfolio

11. Project ____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. a. cost c. scope b. time d. quality

quality

10. Project ____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. a. scope c. time b. quality d. cost

scope

30. During the Cold War years of the 1950s and 60s, ____ continued to be key in refining several project management techniques. a. NASA c. steel manufacturing b. the military d. marine biology

the military

27. The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in ____. a. 1936 c. 1956 b. 1946 d. 1966

1946

24. Project managers must be able to make effective use of technology as it relates to the specific project.

True

24. Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.

True

26. Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager.

True

27. It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.

True

29. New software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive, easy to create, and available for anyone to update.

True

3. One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.

True

29. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. a. pie chart c. bar graph b. line graph d. calendar

calendar

13. Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. a. risk c. communications b. procurement d. resource

communications

14. Project ____ management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas. a. cost c. integration b. quality d. time

integration

23. A(n) ____ focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals. a. assistant c. leader b. programmer d. manager

leader

24. A(n) ____ often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals. a. manager c. programmer b. leader d. analyst

manager

32. By the ____, the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects. a. 1960s c. 1980s b. 1970s d. 1990s

1970s

2. A research report showed that the U.S. spends the equivalent of ____ percent of the nations gross domestic product on projects every year.

25

16. According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects? a. Executive support c. Experienced project manager b. User involvement d. Clear business objectives

Executive support

1. Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.

False

11. Some people refer to the double constraint of project management to include quality and customer satisfaction.

False

12. In the example of building a new house, the support staff would provide the wood, windows, flooring materials, appliances, and so on.

False

13. Stakeholders needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.

False

15. An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project managers job more difficult.

False

15. Follow-up studies done by the Standish Group showed that the number of failed projects has more than doubled in the past decade.

False

16. External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.

False

17. Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.

False

17. Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.

False

19. If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.

False

2. A research report showed that the U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to 40 percent of the nations gross domestic product.

False

21. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.

False

21. Program managers are not responsible for coordinating the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff.

False

22. Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.

False

25. Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.

False

25. The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.

False

26. Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.

False

27. Todays project managers still draw Gantt charts by hand.

False

28. Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.

False

28. Determining the relationships among tasks is not essential in helping to improve project scheduling.

False

29. Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.

False

4. A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.

False

4. Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.

False

5. Projects are often defined narrowly when they begin.

False

6. Projects rarely involve uncertainty.

False

6. When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.

False

7. Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.

False

7. Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.

False

8. According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.

False

8. Questions about how long a projects schedule should be are related to the issue of the projects scope.

False

37. Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the ____ exam is becoming a standard for project managers. a. PMI c. PMP b. PM d. PMO

PMP

36. PMI provides certification as a Project Management ____ (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination. a. Producer c. Professional b. Practitioner d. Professor

Professional

7. ____ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project.

Stakeholders

1. Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.

True

10. An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

True

10. Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.

True

11. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.

True

13. Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.

True

14. The same organization can have different subcultures.

True

16. The 2006 Standish Group survey showed that IT project success rates had risen from 16 percent in 1994 to 35 percent in 2006.

True

18. A key finding of a 2004 study is that relationship management is viewed as a top success factor for information systems in China, while it is not mentioned in U.S. studies.

True

18. The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.

True

19. Winners in project delivery know that strong program managersreferred to as project leadersare crucial to project success.

True

2. If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.

True

20. A program is a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.

True

20. If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.

True

22. The job description for a project manager can vary by industry and by organization.

True

23. Project managers should possess general management knowledge and skills.

True

23. The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

True

3. Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.

True

30. COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.

True

30. Many people still use basic productivity software, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, to perform many project management functions.

True

5. Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.

True

9. Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to discrete scope, time, and cost goals as originally planned.

True

9. Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.

True

12. Project ____ management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project. a. human resource c. communications b. risk d. procurement

human resource

3. Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as ____.

lower costs

25. Some people say that ____ achieve the vision of a project. a. leaders c. stakeholders b. managers d. supervisors

managers

20. A ____ can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project. a. project supervisor c. job coordinator b. project manager d. project coordinator

project manager

9. In the example of the project of building a house, the ____ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house. a. project sponsors c. project manager b. project team d. support staff

project manager

15. What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and ____ in managing projects. a. time c. funding b. resources d. skills

skills

22. Achieving high performance on projects requires ____, otherwise called human relations skills. a. capital skills c. light skills b. soft skills d. hard skills

soft skills

5. The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project.

sponsor

21. In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____. a. the difficulty of the project and the resources involved b. the difficulty of the task and the people involved c. the uniqueness of the project and the difficulty of the task d. the uniqueness of the project and the people involved

the uniqueness of the project and the people involved

6. The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the ____.

triple constraint