Sponge review

What is a gemmule?

A group of amebocytes covered by a hard covering.

When do sponges release gemmules?

After the adult sponge dies.

What cells move around in the Mesohyl delivering food and oxygen to other cells?

Amebocytes

Sponges are in what kingdom?

Animalia

What type of symmetry do sponges have?

Asymmetry

What do sponges eat?

Bacteria, algae, and protozoans

What is another name for collar cells?

Choanocytes

Name the two body layers of sponges.

Epidermis and gastrodermis

How do sponges get their food?

Filter feeding

What part of a collar cell helps pull in water?

Flagella

What is the jelly-like layer called between the gastrodermis and epidermis?

Mesohyl

Are sponges unicellular or multicellular?

Multicellular

Since sponges are hermaphrodites, do they fertilize their own eggs?

No.

What did early biologists think sponges were?

Plants.

How does water enter a sponge?

Pores (porocytes)

Sponges are in what phylum?

Porifera

Name three methods of asexual reproduction in sponges.

Regeneration, budding, and gemmules.

What level(s) of organization is missing in sponges?

Specialization

What two substances give the sponge support?

Spicules and spongin

Why are adult sponges said to be sessile animals?

They are attached to the same surface their whole lifes.

What is a hermaphrodite?

They produce both eggs and sperm.

What is the job of the amebocyte?

They travel around distributing food and oxygen to the cells of the epidermis.

Tiny sponges growing from the main body of the sponge are called...

buds.