Sport Governance Final

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Two Eras of Olympic Sport

-Ancient -Modern

Policies that curtail violence in sport

-Banning alcohol -Fining unruly spectator -Making it a family affair

Three types of Public Sports Organizations

-City parks and Rec department -Recreational sport leagues -State games and provincial games

Funding: 3 Myths

-College sports make money -Competitive sports fund recreational sports -No sports would exist without football

Need to control college athletics

-Colleges saw they could make a revenue from it -Colleges saw opportunities for public relations exposure -Conferences came before the NCAA existed

Common Characteristics of the Big Four Sports

-Commissioner's office -Board of Governors -Central Administrative Unit -Players Association

Four Areas of Policy for Drug Control Action

-Communicating: Ensuring individuals understand rules -Defining: Identifying exactly what substances are illegal -Testing: Detecting Doping Practices -Sanctioning: Posing swift and severe penalties

NCAA Membership

-Comprised of member institutions -Universities pay dues to NCAA for membership

NOC

-Control operations of Olympic policy for a given nation -Responsible for selecting host city from their country to present to IOC

Nonprofit Sport Organizations

-Deliver sporting activity and services with no intent on making a profit

Doping Control through Drug Testing

-Development of WADA in 1999 was a major step in creating PED policy

Amateurism

-Each sport makes their own definition of amateurism -FIBA modified rules to allow pros to play basketball first

History of Community and Youth Sport

-Early organizations were often businessman -As popularity increased, women and children encouraged to participate

Policy Issues

-Eligibility: students register after junior year to be eligible for grant in aid -Academic Progress: must maintain a passing grade for a specific number of courses -Transfer Students: Dont sit out a year when transferring down a division -Amateurism: many instances of violations of amateurism standards today

Central Administrative Unit of League Office

-Exist due to the fact that clubs must simultaneously compete and cooperate with one another -Schedule games, hire and train officials, discipline players

USOC

-Governs olympic activities for U.S -Composed of both organizations and individuals

IOC Member Roles

-Help organize policy relative to staging of Olympic Games

City Parks and Rec

-Houses community sport, recreation, and physical activity programs -Funded through tax dollars -Open to all residents of the city

Three main levels of Olympic Organizations

-IOC (International Olympic Committee) -NOC (National Olympic Competitive) -OCOG (Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)

New Policy after 2002 Salt Lake Games

-IOC has a max of 115 members -Only allowed to serve until age 70 -70 IOC members, 15 athletes elected by peers, 15 ISF members, 15 NOC members

IOC Organizational Structure

-IOC session: -Governs rules for events, membership, and recognition by IOC -Elect new members of IOC -IOC Executive Board: -Manages direction of IOC between meetings -Maintains IOC records

Current Policy Issues

-Labor Issues: -Hard cap: Cannot go over limit (NHL, NFL, MLB) -Soft cap: can go over limit but has luxury tax, that luxury tax goes to teams under salary cap (NBA) -Drug Policies: -MLB has toughest policy -NHL has least toughest drug policy

Inactivity of Girls and Women

-Lack of media coverage for women's sport heroes -Need for quality programming for school aged kids -Decreased corporate funding for female athletes

Violent Behavior

-Loud verbal assaults -Aggressive actions -Striking an individual

IOC Financials

-Major source of income through its ownership of rights to the games -Restructured after games in LA in 1984

IOC

-Members elected from worldwide sporting community -IOC members are not reps of their nation -IOC picks host city after NOC narrows down choices

Growth of Women's Sport

-Merger of AIAW & NCAA was hostile takeover -NCAA subsidized team expenses to national championship & increased television coverage

Other College Organizations

-NAIA -NJCAA -NSCAA -NCCAA

Enforcement

-NCAA official rules are too numerous to count -Most colleges have inadequate compliance departments

Controversy of college sports at first

-Not all administrators were on board, sports didn't have legitimacy

USOC Membership

-Olympic sport organizations -Affiliated organizations -Community based organizations

NCAA Financials

-Operates as a nonprofit, some have a for profit status -Reported 13.7 million surplus in 2007

Recreational Sport Leagues

-Opportunities for regular participation for children and adults -Funded through municipal sources and league fees

History of Intercollegiate Athletics

-Originated with student body -Campus recreation turned into athletics

Activities that result in losing amateur status

-Playing for pay -Accepting a promise for pay -Signing a contract to play professionally

Commissioner's Office

-Position created that abides by the constitution and bylaws -Commissioner is employee of owners

Goals of the NCAA

-Promote college athletics -Protect interest of the athlete by ensuring fairness and integrity -Prepare athlete for a lifetime of leadership -Provide funding to help accomplish these goals

Selecting Youth Sport Coaches

-Required coach training and background -Police record check -Dismissing a coach

Board of Governors

-Serve so that the commissioner is not the final word on all issues

New Olympic Sports Concerns

-Spectator interest -Worldwide participation -Number of competitors in games

Financials

-Two sources of revenue: -Licensing -Member dues

OCOG **AD HOC COMMITTEE**

-Work begins 15 to 20 years in advance of olympics -Prepare the bid to present to the selection committee -Remain intact a year following the games


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