Sport Governance Final
Two Eras of Olympic Sport
-Ancient -Modern
Policies that curtail violence in sport
-Banning alcohol -Fining unruly spectator -Making it a family affair
Three types of Public Sports Organizations
-City parks and Rec department -Recreational sport leagues -State games and provincial games
Funding: 3 Myths
-College sports make money -Competitive sports fund recreational sports -No sports would exist without football
Need to control college athletics
-Colleges saw they could make a revenue from it -Colleges saw opportunities for public relations exposure -Conferences came before the NCAA existed
Common Characteristics of the Big Four Sports
-Commissioner's office -Board of Governors -Central Administrative Unit -Players Association
Four Areas of Policy for Drug Control Action
-Communicating: Ensuring individuals understand rules -Defining: Identifying exactly what substances are illegal -Testing: Detecting Doping Practices -Sanctioning: Posing swift and severe penalties
NCAA Membership
-Comprised of member institutions -Universities pay dues to NCAA for membership
NOC
-Control operations of Olympic policy for a given nation -Responsible for selecting host city from their country to present to IOC
Nonprofit Sport Organizations
-Deliver sporting activity and services with no intent on making a profit
Doping Control through Drug Testing
-Development of WADA in 1999 was a major step in creating PED policy
Amateurism
-Each sport makes their own definition of amateurism -FIBA modified rules to allow pros to play basketball first
History of Community and Youth Sport
-Early organizations were often businessman -As popularity increased, women and children encouraged to participate
Policy Issues
-Eligibility: students register after junior year to be eligible for grant in aid -Academic Progress: must maintain a passing grade for a specific number of courses -Transfer Students: Dont sit out a year when transferring down a division -Amateurism: many instances of violations of amateurism standards today
Central Administrative Unit of League Office
-Exist due to the fact that clubs must simultaneously compete and cooperate with one another -Schedule games, hire and train officials, discipline players
USOC
-Governs olympic activities for U.S -Composed of both organizations and individuals
IOC Member Roles
-Help organize policy relative to staging of Olympic Games
City Parks and Rec
-Houses community sport, recreation, and physical activity programs -Funded through tax dollars -Open to all residents of the city
Three main levels of Olympic Organizations
-IOC (International Olympic Committee) -NOC (National Olympic Competitive) -OCOG (Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)
New Policy after 2002 Salt Lake Games
-IOC has a max of 115 members -Only allowed to serve until age 70 -70 IOC members, 15 athletes elected by peers, 15 ISF members, 15 NOC members
IOC Organizational Structure
-IOC session: -Governs rules for events, membership, and recognition by IOC -Elect new members of IOC -IOC Executive Board: -Manages direction of IOC between meetings -Maintains IOC records
Current Policy Issues
-Labor Issues: -Hard cap: Cannot go over limit (NHL, NFL, MLB) -Soft cap: can go over limit but has luxury tax, that luxury tax goes to teams under salary cap (NBA) -Drug Policies: -MLB has toughest policy -NHL has least toughest drug policy
Inactivity of Girls and Women
-Lack of media coverage for women's sport heroes -Need for quality programming for school aged kids -Decreased corporate funding for female athletes
Violent Behavior
-Loud verbal assaults -Aggressive actions -Striking an individual
IOC Financials
-Major source of income through its ownership of rights to the games -Restructured after games in LA in 1984
IOC
-Members elected from worldwide sporting community -IOC members are not reps of their nation -IOC picks host city after NOC narrows down choices
Growth of Women's Sport
-Merger of AIAW & NCAA was hostile takeover -NCAA subsidized team expenses to national championship & increased television coverage
Other College Organizations
-NAIA -NJCAA -NSCAA -NCCAA
Enforcement
-NCAA official rules are too numerous to count -Most colleges have inadequate compliance departments
Controversy of college sports at first
-Not all administrators were on board, sports didn't have legitimacy
USOC Membership
-Olympic sport organizations -Affiliated organizations -Community based organizations
NCAA Financials
-Operates as a nonprofit, some have a for profit status -Reported 13.7 million surplus in 2007
Recreational Sport Leagues
-Opportunities for regular participation for children and adults -Funded through municipal sources and league fees
History of Intercollegiate Athletics
-Originated with student body -Campus recreation turned into athletics
Activities that result in losing amateur status
-Playing for pay -Accepting a promise for pay -Signing a contract to play professionally
Commissioner's Office
-Position created that abides by the constitution and bylaws -Commissioner is employee of owners
Goals of the NCAA
-Promote college athletics -Protect interest of the athlete by ensuring fairness and integrity -Prepare athlete for a lifetime of leadership -Provide funding to help accomplish these goals
Selecting Youth Sport Coaches
-Required coach training and background -Police record check -Dismissing a coach
Board of Governors
-Serve so that the commissioner is not the final word on all issues
New Olympic Sports Concerns
-Spectator interest -Worldwide participation -Number of competitors in games
Financials
-Two sources of revenue: -Licensing -Member dues
OCOG **AD HOC COMMITTEE**
-Work begins 15 to 20 years in advance of olympics -Prepare the bid to present to the selection committee -Remain intact a year following the games