Sport Injuries: Chapter 11

involve AC ligaments & CC ligaments; mechanism is downward blow to lateral shoulder or fall on outstretched arm

AC joint injuries (ligaments involved & mechanism)

Falling on out-stretched hand

FOOSH

treat for shock, application of ice & compression by placing rolled towel into axilla; sling & swathe

First Aid for GH joint injuries

treat for shock, RICE; apply sling & swathe, refer to physician

First aid of AC Joint Injuries

not practical, RICE

First aid of Rotator cuff strains

condition that decreases the size of subacromial space or causes poor alignment of humerus with glenoid fossa

Impingement Syndrome

C5-C8

Major nerves from group called Brachial plexus stem from where

stressing of anterior GH ligament by arm abduction and external rotation

Mechanism of injury to Glenohumeral Joint

External blow to shoulder resulting in dislocation of proximal clavicle; most commonly moving clavicle anteriorly & superiorly

Mechanism of injury to Sternoclavicular joint

Dynamic stabilizers; rotator cuff muscles

Most common muscle strain to shoulder

roots trunks divisions cords branches

RTDCB

Involve damage to superior labrum and long head of biceps brachii

SLAP Lesions

violent force subluxates long head of tendon from bicipital groove

SLAP lesion to biceps tendon

gross deformity of SC joint, swelling & painful movement; snapping/tearing sensation athlete holds arm on affected side close to body

Signs & symptoms of Sternoclavicular joint injury

pain with abduction and external rotation; strength loss; nocturnal pain;

Signs and symptoms of impingement syndrome

Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular

shoulder joints

intense pain over bony process; brought about by contusions to shoulder

shoulder pointer

mild swelling with point tenderness, painful movement of should region, possibility of pop/snap

signs & symptoms of AC Joint injuries

muscle spasm, decreased ROM, discoloration & swelling (AC & SC joints)

signs & symptoms of contusions to shoulder region

swelling, deformity, discoloration; athlete will hold arm

signs and symptoms of fractured clavicle

pain in shoulder during follow through phase (throwing motion); dificulting bringing arm up & back during cocking phase

signs and symptoms of rotator cuff strains

shoulder joint deformity & down-sloping shoulder; abnormally long arm, athlete supports arm & resists efforts to move GH joint

signs and symptosm of GH joint injuries

History of severe blow; considerable pain & functional loss to shoulder girdle

symptoms of fractured scapula

overuse injuries

throwing and swinging sports result in ___ ____ to rotator cuff

Only AC ligament sprain

Type I (AC Joint Injury)

Tearing of AC ligament

Type II (AC Joint Injury)

complete rupture of AC ligament and CC ligament; dislocation of AC joint

Type III (AC Joint Injury)

ligament disruption and posterior displacement of clavicle, piercing trapezius

Type IV (AC Joint Injury)

significant dislocation of distal clavicle, damage to deltotrapezial fascia

Type V (AC Joint Injury)

complete dislocation of distal clavicle to inferior position

Type VI (AC Joint Injury)

"greenstick" fracture

adolescent form of fractured clavicle

pain in abduction, external rotation; pain with supination of forearm

biceps tendon injuries signs and symptoms

long head of tendon enlarges due to inflammation, less stable in groove

biceps tendonitis

Clavicle & Scapula

bones of shoulder girdle

Glenohumeral joint

commonly dislocated (shoulder)

supraspinatus muscle

commonly impinged muscle of GH joint

ice and compression; rest, anti-inflammatories, progressive rehabilitation exercises; surgery

first aid of biceps tendon injuries

ice and compression; sling and swathe

first aid of contusions to shoulder region

treat for shock, apply sling & swathe bandage

first aid of fractured clavicle

rest, anti-inflammatory drugs; progressive strength training; surgery

first aid of impingement syndrome

treat for shock, apply ice and compression, sling & swathe

first aid of sternoclavicular joint injury

Sleeper stretch & Thrower's ten exercise

help rotator cuff problems

bursa or tendon is squeezed between moving structures

impingement

ligaments & joint capsules

joints are held together with these (2); provide stability and limited movement

Axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery

major arteries of arm, stemming from sublcavian artery (4)

Fractured clavicle

most common fracture in shoulder region

Global Muscles

provide needed force for movement

local muscles

provide stability

keeps arm from moving

reason for swathe

characteristic bulge

ruptured biceps tendon characteristic