Sport Injuries: Chapter 11
involve AC ligaments & CC ligaments; mechanism is downward blow to lateral shoulder or fall on outstretched arm
AC joint injuries (ligaments involved & mechanism)
Falling on out-stretched hand
FOOSH
treat for shock, application of ice & compression by placing rolled towel into axilla; sling & swathe
First Aid for GH joint injuries
treat for shock, RICE; apply sling & swathe, refer to physician
First aid of AC Joint Injuries
not practical, RICE
First aid of Rotator cuff strains
condition that decreases the size of subacromial space or causes poor alignment of humerus with glenoid fossa
Impingement Syndrome
C5-C8
Major nerves from group called Brachial plexus stem from where
stressing of anterior GH ligament by arm abduction and external rotation
Mechanism of injury to Glenohumeral Joint
External blow to shoulder resulting in dislocation of proximal clavicle; most commonly moving clavicle anteriorly & superiorly
Mechanism of injury to Sternoclavicular joint
Dynamic stabilizers; rotator cuff muscles
Most common muscle strain to shoulder
roots trunks divisions cords branches
RTDCB
Involve damage to superior labrum and long head of biceps brachii
SLAP Lesions
violent force subluxates long head of tendon from bicipital groove
SLAP lesion to biceps tendon
gross deformity of SC joint, swelling & painful movement; snapping/tearing sensation athlete holds arm on affected side close to body
Signs & symptoms of Sternoclavicular joint injury
pain with abduction and external rotation; strength loss; nocturnal pain;
Signs and symptoms of impingement syndrome
Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular
shoulder joints
intense pain over bony process; brought about by contusions to shoulder
shoulder pointer
mild swelling with point tenderness, painful movement of should region, possibility of pop/snap
signs & symptoms of AC Joint injuries
muscle spasm, decreased ROM, discoloration & swelling (AC & SC joints)
signs & symptoms of contusions to shoulder region
swelling, deformity, discoloration; athlete will hold arm
signs and symptoms of fractured clavicle
pain in shoulder during follow through phase (throwing motion); dificulting bringing arm up & back during cocking phase
signs and symptoms of rotator cuff strains
shoulder joint deformity & down-sloping shoulder; abnormally long arm, athlete supports arm & resists efforts to move GH joint
signs and symptosm of GH joint injuries
History of severe blow; considerable pain & functional loss to shoulder girdle
symptoms of fractured scapula
overuse injuries
throwing and swinging sports result in ___ ____ to rotator cuff
Only AC ligament sprain
Type I (AC Joint Injury)
Tearing of AC ligament
Type II (AC Joint Injury)
complete rupture of AC ligament and CC ligament; dislocation of AC joint
Type III (AC Joint Injury)
ligament disruption and posterior displacement of clavicle, piercing trapezius
Type IV (AC Joint Injury)
significant dislocation of distal clavicle, damage to deltotrapezial fascia
Type V (AC Joint Injury)
complete dislocation of distal clavicle to inferior position
Type VI (AC Joint Injury)
"greenstick" fracture
adolescent form of fractured clavicle
pain in abduction, external rotation; pain with supination of forearm
biceps tendon injuries signs and symptoms
long head of tendon enlarges due to inflammation, less stable in groove
biceps tendonitis
Clavicle & Scapula
bones of shoulder girdle
Glenohumeral joint
commonly dislocated (shoulder)
supraspinatus muscle
commonly impinged muscle of GH joint
ice and compression; rest, anti-inflammatories, progressive rehabilitation exercises; surgery
first aid of biceps tendon injuries
ice and compression; sling and swathe
first aid of contusions to shoulder region
treat for shock, apply sling & swathe bandage
first aid of fractured clavicle
rest, anti-inflammatory drugs; progressive strength training; surgery
first aid of impingement syndrome
treat for shock, apply ice and compression, sling & swathe
first aid of sternoclavicular joint injury
Sleeper stretch & Thrower's ten exercise
help rotator cuff problems
bursa or tendon is squeezed between moving structures
impingement
ligaments & joint capsules
joints are held together with these (2); provide stability and limited movement
Axillary artery, brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery
major arteries of arm, stemming from sublcavian artery (4)
Fractured clavicle
most common fracture in shoulder region
Global Muscles
provide needed force for movement
local muscles
provide stability
keeps arm from moving
reason for swathe
characteristic bulge
ruptured biceps tendon characteristic