Sports and fitness management final
True of False? eSports enthusiasts are predominantly female
False
True or False? All-star baseball games, night games, and between-inning clowning around and entertainment were a direct result of the innovations in Negro baseball leagues
True
True or False? The first sport management academic program was at Ohio University?
True
True or False? William Hulbert founded the National League of Professional Baseball Players
True
In what year was the first modern Olympic games held? a. 1896 b. 1894 c. 1876 d. 1904
a. 1896
The academic association that oversees sport management academic programs in Europe is: a. EASM. b. NASPE. c. ICSSPE. d. NASSM.
a. EASM.
The first recognized Jockey Club was in a. Newmarket b. Newcastle c. London d. Scottsburg
a. Newmarket
The ________ is the governing document for the IOC, which codifies the fundamental principles, rules, and bylaws of the IOC a. Olympic charter b. Olympic code c. Olympic handbook d. Olympic policy
a. Olympic charter
The evolution of collegiate athletics over the past couple of decades has included: a. a growth in the number of international student-athletes participating b. a decrease in the number of rules and regulations college athletic departments are held to c. a return to the amateur model including student-athletes' involvement in scheduling of rival contests d. a decrease in the number of student-athletes participating due to sport teams being cut because of financial reasons
a. a growth in the number of international student-athletes participating
the first intercollegiate athletic coach was: a. a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program b. a doctor hired because of the number of injuries involved in sport competitions c. a football coach by the name of Amos Alonzo Staggs d. hired so that the students wouldn't have to spend so much time organizing games and practices
a. a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program
____________is/are anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues a. assets b. liabilities c. owners' equity d. both assets and owners' equity
a. assets
Bill Veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to: a. be entertained b. analyze baseball strategy c. study player development d. water a baseball game
a. be entertained
_________ refers to the ability of workers to identify and acknowledge emotions when they occur, and instead of having an immediate emotional response, to take a step back, allowing rational thought to influence their actions. a. emotional intelligence. b. empowerment c. emotional change d. motivation
a. emotional intelligence
___________ is similar to the regular decision-making process in businesses situations in that there is a given structure to follow a. ethical decision making b. moral decision making c. ethical reasoning d. moral discourse
a. ethical decision making
the initial collegiate athletic contests were: a. organized by students b. organized by coaches of the teams c. organized by athletic directors at schools d. organized by the athletic conferences at the time
a. organized by students
Keeping the financial scope of the sport industry in mind, it is important to note that sport managers need to be able to organize and work with __________, the most important asset in their organization. a. people b. players c. businesses d. administrators
a. people
strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream businesses because a. players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary workers. b. professional athletes' salaries are so much higher than the average worker c. sports are seasonal, thud they have less time to realize revenue d. all of these are correct.
a. players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary workers
Fred Corcoran convinced cities to host golf tournaments by telling them the benefits of: a. professional golfers' spending on hotels and restaurants b. the media coverage for the city c. corporate sponsorships d. all of these are correct
a. professional golfers' spending on hotels and restaurants
which of the following is not an example of judicial review of an athletic association decision? a. the decision involves an on-field decision by and umpire or referee b. the decision violates public policy because it is fraudulent d. the athletic association breaks one of its own rules
a. the decision involves an on-field decision by an umpire or referee
finance generally refers to two primary activities of an organization: how an organization generates the funds that flow into an organization, and how these funds get ________ and spent once they are in the organization
allocated
People with disabilities are often fundamental human rights and opportunities to education, health care, employment, and sport, Approximately what proportion of people with disabilities live In low and middle-income countries? a. 35% b. 80% C. 45% d. 75%
b 80%
The NFL settled lawsuits concerning concussions possibly leading to diseases such as Alzheimer's and dementia due to head trauma that athletes received while playing professional football. How much was the final settlement amount? a. $250 million b. $500 million c. $750 million d. $1 billion e. $2 billion
b. $500 million
in 2015, minorities accounted for approximately _______ of the sport industry workforce while women help approximately __________ of managerial positions in the workforce. a. 90%; 10% b. 35%; 40% c.50%; 50% d. 25% ; 21%
b. 35%; 40%
the emphasis on product extensions and the development of team sport promotional strategy can be attributed to a. Roone Arledge b. Bill Veeck c. Branch Rickey d. David Stern
b. Bill Veeck
Who tussled with Branch Rickey over the method and manner of integration of Major League Baseball? a. Val Ackerman b. Effa Manley c. Jackie Robinson d. Kin Ng
b. Effa Manley
which of the following is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management? a. france b. England c. Greece d. United states
b. England
the manager determines what type of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing these jobs during the __________function a. planning b. organizing c. leading d. evaluating
b. Organizing
Sports marketing includes the marketing of _________ a. leagues and teams b. products, services, entities, and recruitment c. sponsorships, outfield billboards, and ticket packages d. leagues, individuals, and events
b. Products, services, entities, and recruitment
the cross-ownership ban in the NFL was erased for: a. Eddie DeBartolo and John and Denise (DeBartolo) York of the San Francisco 49ers. b. Wayne Huizenga of the Miami dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle seahawks. c. Jerry Jones of the Dallas Cowboys and Lamar Hunt of the Kansas City Chiefs. d. Bob McNair of the Houston Texans and Daniel Snyder of the Washington Redskins
b. Wayne Huizenga of the Miami dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle Seahawks
Vicarious liability is a. a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue for the defendant interfering in contractual relations between the plaintiff and another party. b. a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate c. a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for all torts committed by a subordinate d. a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate and a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for all torts committed by a subordinate
b. a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate
___________ argues that moral precepts are universal, that is, applicable to all circumstances a. relativism b. absolutism c. morality d. behavior
b. absolutism
During and immediately following World War I, schools' sports for males were promoted as: a. a tool to prepare high school students for college b. as a source of physical training for the armed forced c. a took to keep students out of trouble and off the streets d. a took to make money through the selling of tickets to games.
b. as a source of physical training for the armed forces.
the largest revenue source for European football clubs is: a. broadcast b. commercial c. match-day d. donations
b. commercial
The philosophy behind a "hard" salary cap is to a. change the behavior of high-payroll teams b. constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll c. share certain types of revenue among all franchises. d. all of these are correct
b. constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll
Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions, emerged a. during and immediately following World War I b. during the mid-nineteenth century c. before the signing of the constitution d. in the early 1990's
b. during the mind-nineteenth century
female coaches whose salaries are not equal to those of their male counterparts have filed _________lawsuits a. antitrust b. equal pay act c. age discrimination in employment act d. lanham act
b. equal pay act
which of the following statements concerning the tradeoff between financing through debt or equity is true? a. generally, financing with debt is more expensive than equity b. generally, financing with debt carries more risk than equity c. both financing and debt is more expensive than equity and financing with debt carries more risk than equity are correct d. none of these are correct
b. generally, financing with debt carries more risk than equity
which of the following is not an indicator of an ethical dilemma? a. if a person feels stress about making the decision b. if a person fears he or she will lose company money c. if a person has a feelings of guilt d. if something about the decision makes a person uncomfortable
b. if a person fears he or she will lose company money
the little league governance structure a. reports to the national federation of state high associations b. is organized on four levels: local, district, regional, and international c. involves a paid executive director who ultimately is in charge of running all competitions and events d. oversees only teams in the united states
b. is organized on four levels: local, district, regional, and international
which of the following is not one of the philosophy principles followed by Division I institutions a. strive for regional and national prominence b. maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available to students c. strive to fiancé its athletics program through revenues generated d. recognize the dual objectives of serving both the university or college community and the general public
b. maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available to students
in sport, an example of a(n) ____________is that all athletes give an honest effort whenever they compete a. ethical principle b. moral principle c. code of conduct d. none of these are correct
b. moral principle
one of the biggest distinctions between moral decision making and other ethical decisions is: a. incorporating codes of ethics b. the extensive ramification of immoral choices c. deciding what is right and wrong d. none of these are correct
b. the extensive ramification of immoral choice
in which of the following circumstances would vicarious liability not apply? a. when a coach is negligent while driving the team van to an away meet and injures student-athletes in her care b. when a security guard working for an independent contractor harms a patron at a New England Patriots game c. when an athletic trainer at Big State university accidently gives a student-athlete far too much weight to life and the student-athlete sustains a permanent injury d. when a coach negligently instructs a wrestler on a new move and the wrestler sustains a permanent injury
b. when a security guard working for an independent contractor harms a patron at a new England patriots game
the IOC is governed by a general assembly. which of the following is not one of the important decisions made by members of the IOC during the General assembly? a. which city/county will host future Olympic and Paralympic games. b. which companies should be recruited as TOP sponsors. c. which sports will be competed in a future Olympic games d. all of these are important decisions made by the general assembly
b. which companies should be recruiting as TOP sponsors
in 1992, the San Jose Sharks utilized _________ in heavily traveled areas to help gain information about fan reaction to proposed logo and uniform designs a. exit polling b. focus groups c. "pass-by-interviews" d. random sampling
c. "pass-by-interviews"
the average player salary in the NBA is now approximately _________ a. $800,000 b. $1.4 million c. $6.2 million d. $10.3 million
c. $6.2 million
Today, the total number of sport management programs in North America is approximately: a. 40 b. 100 c. 400 d. 1,000
c. 400
the Knight commission was formed in 1989 to propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics. All of the following were legislative rules passed by the NCAA from recommendations proposed by the knight commission except: a. recruiting b. academics c. conference realignment d. financial practices
c. conference realignment
Thoroughbred horse racing in the mid-eighteenth century: a. was the primary business interest of horse owners b. was an independent, self supporting financial entity c. existed primarily for the entertainment of wealthy club members d. was attended by only the elite of the community.
c. existed primarily for the entertainment of the wealthy club members
Sport marketers define ________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization a. target marketing b. customer promotion c. fan identification d. winner's curse
c. fan identification
a growing concern within youth and high school sports is the risk of head injuries (i.e.concussions) this has led to? a. a ban on football for ages less than 12 years in the state of south carolina b. a mandatory non-contact practice schedule being implemented by USA football c. flag football becoming the fastest-growing sport among children aged 6 to 14 d. a mandatory health certification of all football coaches with EMT's required at all games.
c. flag football becoming the fastest-growing sport among children aged 6-14
the ___________ movement is significant in that it transformed the focus of the management thinking on the behavior of people and the human components in the workplace rather than on the scientific approach o performing a task a. organizational b. human resources c. human relations d. motivational
c. human relations
Nike's huge success since 1972 has come primarily as a result of all of the following except a. brand strength b. advertising c. league sponsorships d. athlete endorsement
c. league sponsorships
the ________ first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interest of the sport. a. national hockey league b. national football league. c. major league baseball d. national basketball association
c. major league baseball
the position description of the assistant athletic director for marketing may include all of the following except: a. soliciting corporate sponsors b. selling stadium signage c. managing the facilities d. promoting teams or special events
c. managing the facilities
The controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the a. promotional mix b. target market c. marketing mix d. product orientation
c. marketing mix
the group of consumers to whom a product is marketed is the a. audience b. demographic. c. target market d. sport fans.
c. target market
the _________ issue is rooted in the notion that consumers of a spectator sport seek to be entertained by the game itself and that this entertainment value is connected to a concept of "uncertainty of outcome"- the greater the uncertainty of outcome, the greater the entertainment value for fans.
competitive balance
Where are sport management programs housed in universities? a. schools of Kinesiology b. Colleges of education and human development c. schools of business d. all of these are correct
d. All of these are correct
the role of managers can be challenging as they try to: a. assess the needs of their employees b. utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of employees c. reach organizational goals and objectives d. all of these are correct
d. All of these are correct
which of the following organizations increasingly has an international outlook? a. NBA b. NFL c. MLB d. All of these are correct
d. All of these are correct
which of the following is not a way in which labor relations in professional sports are different from those in other industries? a. the turnover rate for professional sport union members is much higher than for other union members b. the players associations also face the logistical challenges of being a bargaining unit with employees on different teams throughout the united states and Canada. c. professional athletes have individual bargaining power derived from their unique talent that is unmatched in other industries d. management in professional sports opposes unions much more strongly than employers in other industries
d. Management in professional sports opposes unions much more strongly than employers in other industries
Which of the following is a critical issue associated with the globalization of sport? a. cross-border player migration b. sport and the environment c. the power of the sport media d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
a collective bargaining agreement covers: a. wages b. hours c. terms and conditions of employment d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
codes of conduct may be considered counterproductive if: a. they are too long or complex to understand easily b. they try to intimidate employees into acting morally c. the organization does not demonstrate a commitment to them d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
equal protection applies to discrimination on the basis of a. race, religion, and nation origin b. gender c. such areas as physical, or mental disability, sexual orientation, socio-economic background, or athletic team membership d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
international federations: a. are the international governing bodies for one or several sports throughout the world. b. are non-governmental organizations by the IOC to administer one or more sports at the world level and encompassing organizations administering such sports at the national level. c. must petition for formal recognition by the IOC and must apply the Olympics movement anti-doping code and conduct effective out-of-competition tests in accordance with the established rules d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
many individuals in the management of professional sport leagues are not fans of salary caps because they: a. routinely force teams to cut veteran players earning higher salaries to get under the ceiling of the cap b. routinely provide teams with spending floors so low-revenue teams are prevented from cutting salaries to stay competitive. c. often have so many exceptions that they have inevitably created a number of loopholes for those agents and general managers who are creative negotiators, and thus, the cap is not creating the parity it was intended to create d. all of these are correct
d. all of these are correct
what area of law has left an indelible mark on the structure and nature of labor relations in professional sport leagues? a. contract law b. labor law c. constitutional law d. antitrust law
d. antitrust law
Jun Ty Yang is a professional athlete in: a. Taekwondo b. soccer (football) c. baseball d. esports
d. e sports
__________ is the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm a. debt b. assets c. liabilities d. equity
d. equity
_______ is the systematic study of values guiding our decision making a. moral interpretation b. moral absolutism c. ethical relativism d. ethics
d. ethics
As a general rule, league revenues include: a. local broadcasting revenues b. stadium sponsorships c. preferred seat sales d. none of these are correct
d. none of these are correct
The national Federation of State high school associations (NFHS) does all of the following except a. coordinates certification for officials. b. serves as the national coordinator for high school sports as well as activities such as music, debate, theater, and student council. c. complies national records in sports and national sport participation rates. d. none of these are correct
d. none of these are correct
__________ was a pioneer at the turn of the twentieth century in reforming college football and in decreasing the number of deaths and injuries that were occurring at that time a. president Eliot of Harvard university b. president Hutchins of Chicago university c. president Roosevelt of union college d. president MacCracken of new York university
d. president MacCracken of new York university
Roone Arlege's influence of sport broadcasting included all of the following except: a. innovations such as instant place, sideline reporters, multiple cameras, and crowd microphones b. efforts to "take the fan to the game, not take the game to the fan" c. refusing to allow leagues' commissioners and team owners to approve announcers d. significant progressions in the way that sport marketers research the demand of the fan.
d. significant progressions in the way that sport marketers research the demand of the fan
if a borrower is unable to repay the borrowed money, with interest, at a pre-specified date-perhaps because revenues are lower than expected-then the borrower is said to be in __________ on the debt.
default
of the stadiums and arenas built or renovated since 2010, __________ has received $13 billion in tax-exempt municipal bonds a. 10% b. 20% c. 40% d. 60% e. 80%
e. 80%
increased revenue is spectator sports has come from a. gate receipts b. broadcast contracts c. new stadium revenues d. both broadcast contracts and new stadium revenues e. all of these are correct
e. All of these are correct
professional golfers must earn a right to compete on the PGA tour annually. how do professional golfers qualify for the PGA tour? a. after a golfer finishes in the top 25 in the qualifying tournament known as Q-school, he moves up to the development web.com tour b. the best players move up through the ranks on the web.com tour c. players who make the cut move straight from the web.com tour to the PGA tour. d. veteran players can maintain their qualifications based on their prior year's performance on the PGA tour e. all of these are correct
e. all of these are correct
True or False? Organizing involves setting a course of action for the sport organization
false
True or False? Professional leagues are monopolies that face direct competition for the products and services they produce
false
True or False? Title IX of the educational amendments of 1972 bars discrimination in education against women only
false
True or False? all professional sport organizations except major league baseball are exempt for antitrust laws
false
True or False? an agent much never act on behalf of a principal when a conflict of interest is present
false
True or False? coaching certification programs are required in every state, with coaches being allowed to coach only after having been involved in a certification progam
false
True or False? football was a very popular sport among high school students and became the first organized competition between two high school teams?
false
True or False? high school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates
false
True or False? soon after the birth of the NCAA in 1905, the associations determined its organizational structure for schools by dividing them up into division I, division II, or division III membership status
false
True or False? the balance sheet of college athletic department will include owners' equity
false
True or False? while the NFL and MBL have publicity discussed the possibility of live-streaming games, this has yet to occur due to pressure from traditional broadcasting partners?
false
True or False? women's basketball coaches have not yet reached 1 million mark for salaries
false
True or false? faculty and college administrators got involved in the governance of intercollegiate athletics in the 1880's to curb the use of paid "professional" student-athletes
false
True or false? when pursuing a career in collegiate athletics, students should know that the apprentice system is used, meaning the traditional route is one of being an athlete first, then a coach, and then an athletic administrator.
false
the international Paralympic committee is a committee of the international Olympic committee
false
A ___________ has been used as a mechanism to influence competitive balance. With this, a payroll threshold is set prior to a season and teams that exceed this threshold pay based on the excess amount.
luxury tax
A YMCA may generate ____________from a variety of sources such as yearly membership fees, day use fees, summer camps, after-school programs, birthday party rentals, child care, and swim lessons.
revenue
_________ is a managerial strategy intended to maintain control over legal uncertainties
risk management
True of False? One of the most important assets that major professional sports franchises possess is their membership in the league to which they belong
true
True or False? An organization's ethical climate establishes the shared set of understanding that determine correct behavior and how ethical issues will be handled
true
True or False? Fan identification is defined as the sense of oneness with or belongingness to an organization
true
True or False? Television's share of total media advertising spending has dropped in recent years
true
True or False? an athlete challenging an athletic association's rule is more likely seeking injunctive rather than monetary damages
true
True or False? in 1876, North America's first professional league, the national league, was organized
true
True or False? in 2013, the American alliance for health, physical education, recreation and dance changed its name to the society of health and physical educators (SHAPE)
true
True or False? the WNBA league and teams are primarily female-operated organizations
true
True or false? as college athletics has become more complex and business-like, colleges and universities are looking more and more to the corporate world for CEO's or administrators with business backgrounds to run their athletics department
true
the three years before the Olympic games are a crucial time for organizers to recruit the right staff to work at the Olympic and Paralympic games
true
thousands of non-sanctioned sport academies have emerged in low- and middle-income countries where youth are recruited through lofty promises about the opportunity to become high-profile superstar athletes but are often exploited for financial gains by the operators and academies
true