Statistics Chapter 3 - Probability

Probability Experiment

An action, or trial, through which specific results are obtained.

Law of Large Numbers

As an experiment is repeater over and over, the empirical probability of an event approaches the theoretical (actual) probability of the event.

Empirical Probability (Statistical Probability)

Based on observations obtained from probability experiments. The empirical proability of an eevent E is the relative frequency of event E P(E) = Frequency of event E/Total Frequency = f/n

Fundamental Counting Principle

If one event can occur in m ways and a second event can occur in n ways, the number of ways the two events can occur in sequence is m*n. This rate can be extended to any number of events occuring in sequence

Classical probability (Theoretical Probability)

Is used when each outcome in a sample space is equally likely to occur. The classical probability for an event E is given by P(E) = Number of outcomes in event E/Total number of outcomes in sample space

Component of Event E

Set of all outcomes in a sample space that are not inculded in event E. he complement of an event E is denoted by E' and is read as "E prime"

Event

Subset of the sample space. It may consist of one or more outcomes.

Range of Probabiities Rule

The probability of an event E is between 0 and 1, inclusive. That is, 0 < P(E) < 1. = =

Outcome

The result of a single trial

Sample Space

The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.