Stats Test 1 Multiple Choice

Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can recall only books that say men and women are different. and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following: a. the pop up principle b. cherry picking of evidence c. confirmatory hypothesis testing d. overconfidence

A

Experimental research generally has stronger _________ validity and weaker ___________ validity than other research methods. a. internal and external b. external and internal c. statistical and construct d. face and construct

A

If the Dr.'s measure does not actually measure pathological gambling, his measure is aid to lack which of the following? a. validity b. reliability c. conceptualization d. operationalization

A

Questions 20-21: Anderson is reading his morning paper and reads the following headline: Female Engineering Majors effort on math problems depends on sex of role model". In the study, female students were asked to complete a math test by either a male math major or a female math major. Female students tried to solve more of the math problems when asked by a female math major compared with a male math major. In this study, the authors were interested in students' math effort. Which of the following would NOT be a reasonable operational definition of math effort? a. an earnest attempt to solve math problems b. the number of math classes taken in college c. a score on a standardized measure of math effort d. the number of math problems students answered correctly

A

Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. She has a comparison group, because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to plug in her iPod. She typically remembers her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. What problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music? a. vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner. b. vanessa's belief that she sleeps better with music is not falsifiable c. vanessa is biased because she sleeps in the same bed every night d. vanessa cannot make the claim about sleeping better to music because she has not asked a psychologist.

A

Which of the following is an association claim? a. owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction b. a majority of americans like dogs c. dog traveled 500 miles to find its owners d. being visited by dogs in the hospital causes decreases in recovery time

A

Asha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person and they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following? A. cherry picking of evidence B. availability heuristic C. fourth cell reasoning D. overconfidence

A. cherry picking of evidence

Which of the following is a constant in this study/headline? a. sex of the participants b. effort on math problems c. sex of role model d. number of researchers

A. sex of participants

A psyciatrist is testing a drug taht treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have a a. reliable way to measure depressive symptoms b. comparison group that did not receive the drug c. psychotherapy to suppement the drug d. none of the above

B

Questions 18-19: Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psych class. In the study, the researcher made the claim the more bullying a middle school student faces, the lower their self esteem. What kind of claim is being made in this study? a. a frequency claim b. an association claim c. a causal claim d. a qualitative claim

B

Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions and it takes 20 minutes to complete. Dr. Sheiffield decides to test the predictive validity of his measure. Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people that includes suspected problem gamblers and non-gamblers. Which of the following options below does he need to do in addition to get evidence for predictive validity? a. give the measure to a group of people attending gamblers anonymous meetings b. six months later ask the same group of people to report how many times they have gambled recently c. ask the participants to give their opinion on whether the measure is valid d. give a measure of alcohol addiction to the same group of clients

B

When thinking about protecting the rights of the participants in your study, which of th following groups does NOT require special protection? A. Prisoners B. People with physical disabilities C. Children D. People with intellectual disabilities

B People with physical disabilities

For questions 7-10, refer to this study: Dr. Kang, a cognitive psychologist, conducts an experiment examining the effect of emotion on memory. He provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants at his university. He puts the names of all participants in a hat. The first 20 names he assigns to group a and the last 20 assigns to group b. Group A is given a list of neutral in content (ie houseplant). He then measures how many words each group is able to remember after being distracted for 5 min. by watching a video about the history of the university. He finds that group a remembers 15% more words than group B. Which of the following is the dependent variable in the study? a. the length of the distractor task b. the number of words remembered c. the emotional or neutral word list d. the number of words on the list

B. the number of words remembered

What kind of study was most likely done to test this claim? a. qualitative study b. expierimental study c. non-expirimental study d. archival study

C

For questions 3-4, refer to this study: Dr. Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created bya colleague, the Mayo scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as myself." Question 2 reads "I do not have a high opinion of myself. Question3 reads "I think other people think I am really special." Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Valencia gives the measure to a group of students on Tuesday. She gives the measure to them again on Thursday. She then compares the scores between the two days. This is a test of which of the following? a. interrater reliability b. internal reliability c. test-retest reliabiltiy d. construct reliability

C. test-retest reliability

D.r Valencia is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissims recommended by her colleague. She sends a copy of the measure to the faculty members in her psych dept. to look at and they all tell her that the items look like what they expect a measure of narcissism would look like. She now has evidence of which of the following? a. predictive validity b. content validity c. discriminant validity d. face validity

D. face validity

Stefan wants to make a causal claim in his dissertation. Which of the following is necessary? a. he must make a frequency claim first b. he must manipulate his two variables c. he must measure his two variables. d. he must conduct an experiment

D. he must conduct an experiment

an independent variable is one that is a. manipulated b. measured c. kept constant d. has one level

a. is manipulated

A dependent variable is one that is a. manipulated b. measured c. kept constant d. has one level

b. measured

Dr. Kang's decision to assign participants randomly to group a and group b increases which of the following? a. the temporal precedence of the study b. the internal validity of the study c. the external validity of the study d. the construct validity of the study

b. the internal validity of the study

Establishing construct vailidity would probably be most difficult for which of the following: a. measure of bp b. measure of number of seizures a person has per week c. measure of religiosity d. measure of obesity

c. measure of religiosity

What type of variable is the dependent variable in Dr. Kang's study? a. ordinal b. nominal c. ratio d. interval

c. ratio