stress 4 and 5
when you describe your behavior as dependent upon _______ you have given up control of that behavior to that other person
another's
to engage in either coping mechanism (task or emotion) requires an ______ of the demand
appraisal
if you are not confident, you may not _____ anything
attempt
to believe it is worth the effort to attempt to manage a demand/threat, you must _____ not only that there is a strategy that can be effective but that you can successfully employ that strategy
believe
a life situation could be a change in temperature, a threat from another person, the death of a loved one, or some other _____ in your life to which you need to adapt
change
in any case you are in ____ of what you do or do not do to manage your stress
charge
you are in _____ of your behavior
charge
what may happen when you are physiologically aroused
cholestorol rises, you perspire more, breathe differently, brace your muscles, secrete more hydrocholoric acid and have fewer lymphocytes.
physiological arousal that is _____ or prolonged can lead to negative consequences such as illness or disease, poor performance, and impaired interpersona relationships
chronic
when you set up a roadblock between a life situation and your perception of that situation you have changed you ______ apprasial
cognitive
different people handle stress and different stressors differently because of
cognitive appraisal
complete _____ stress management includes interventions at all phases of the stress theory model and several means of intervening at each of these location.
comprehensive
use ______ stress management to free up, rather than clutter up your day
comprehensive
if you are _____, you will engage in behavior or thought to manage the demand/threat since you believe what you do will be effective
confident
one important form of appraisal is determining how ______ you are in managing the demand/threat.
confident
after physiological arousal what occurs
consequences
in addition to illness or disease be it physical or mental, stress can lead to other ______ such as poor performance in school or on the job, poor personal relationships, or other negative effects
consequences
one way to determine your commitment to managing your stress is by completing a ____ with yourself
contract
managing stress is really just exercising that _____ rather than giving it up to others or to your environment
control
the practice of stress management techniques such as meditation is a good example of taking ______ and assuming responsibility for your own behavior
control
______ is engaging in a behavior or thought to respond to a demand
coping
______ is engaging in a behavior or thought to respond to a demand (threat)
coping
in the case of a threat some form of _____ is needed
coping
generalizing the concept of control to stress management- is is your _____ whether or not to increase your blood pressure, your heart rate, or your muscle tension.
decision
it is your _____ whether or not to become frightened or anxious, or vomit at the side of the road
decision
it is your _____ whether or not you will regularly practice relaxation techniques (meditation)
decision
lazarus perceived stress to be the result of a determination that a ______ exceeds resources available to meet that demand
demand
during stress you are nudged or shoved into _____ and need to right yourself
disequilibrium
when life situations are perceived and cognitively appraisedd as distressing, ______ reactions such as fear, anger, and insecurity develop, these emotional reactions then lead to physiological arousal
emotion
when a life situation is percieved as stressful this leads to _____ arousal
emotional
if you percieve the life event as a major catastrophe you will become aroused ____
emotionally
if we interrperet a life situation as stressful we will be _______ aroused
emotionaly
_____ is stress that results in positive consequences such as enhanced performance or personal growth
eustress
stress that results in good consequences such as producing personal growth is called
eustress
when you are aroused emotionally you may feel
fear about the future, be unsure of your self-worth, angry, frustrated and confused about what to do next
stressful situations can become complex, if not well managed consequences can lead to
feedback loops as more life events occur from emotional reactions.
what are some examples of emotional arousal
feeling rushed, overwhelmed, frustrated ,or helpless, fear, anger, and insecurity.
at the point of physiological arousal your body has prepared itself for the ______ response
fight or flight
______ stress management programs teach only one or a few stress management skills. Comprehensive programs teach means of intervening at each level of the stress model
incomplete
some ______ stress management programs teach participants only one or just a few stress management skills
incomplete
physioloical arousal to stress includes
increases in serum cholesterol, respiratory and heart rate increases, muscle tension, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, along with decreases in the effectiveness of the immune system, strength of cardiac muscles, digestion, and histamine effectiveness
stress management techniques are called
intereventions
cognitive appraisal is ______ of a stressor
interpretation
once the progression from a life situation through perception, emotion, physiological arousal, and vulnerability to disease and other consequences is understood it is then possible to _____ short of these consequences
intervene
______ are activities to prevent a stressor from resulting in negative consequences
interventions
_____ are activities designed to block a stressor from resulting in negative consequences such as illness or disease. stress management consits of the use of these
interventions s
what is primary appraisial
it involves judging how much of a threat is involved and how important is the outcome.
stress begins with a ____ situation that knocks you out of balance,
life
stress begins with a _____ that knocks you out of balance. however for the stress response to develop this situation has to be perceived and cognitively appraised as distressing
life situation
what is an example of emotion-focused coping
managing your feelings and/or accepting that this is a subject (difficult test/class) in which you are not particularly talented.
what are the two forms of self-efficacy
outcome efficacy and personal efficacy
If you do not _______ the event as a major catasrophe it therefore will not become one
percieve
cognitive appraisal is dependant on how we ______ a life situation
percieve
life situation occurs then it is ______ as stressful
percieved
A roadblock that avoids perceiving a life event as stressful could be
perscribed medication, ilicit drugs, or your insistance that you will not allow yourself to view this situation as disturbing.
feelings of emotional arousal lead to _____ arousal
physiological
if ______ arousal is chronic or prolonged illness or _____ may result
physiological
once emotional arousal occurs the next step is ______ arousal
physiological
when you are emotionally aroused you become ______ aroused
physiologically
a physical activity such as jogging will use the body's preparedness rather than allow the state of arousal to lead to ______ health
poor
at each level of the stress model it is possible to filter out only a _____ of the stress experience
portion
in order to not see a life situation as distrubing you might decide to focus upon the ______ aspect of the situation
positive
stress that leads to ____ consequences is called eustress. eustress involves change that still requires adaptation but is growth producing and welcome. a test can be an example of a eustressor when concern for a good grade results in you studying and learning more
positive
the _____ _______ is judging how much of a threat is involved and how important is the outcome
primary appraisal
one way to structure a contract for yourself for stress management is to have rewards for accomplishing tasks and ______ for not living up to the contract
punishmets
you may not be able to get other people to change what they say or do, but certainly you can change how you ______ to what they say and do
react
when making a stress management contract with yourself be ____
realistic
______ is an evaluation of whether the response made to a demand/threat was effective
reappraisal
lazarus described three primary categories of apprasial: primary appraisal, secondary apprasial, and _____
reappraisal
once attempts are made to respond to the threat or to meet the demand a ______ occurs to determine whether any further coping is needed
reappraisal
behavior that is _____ is repeated
reinforced
once the _____ appraisal occurs you must determine whether you have the ______ needed to meet the demand
resources
the most widely accepted notion of coping and stress appraisal was formulated by
richard lazarus
A way of managing stress is to set up a ________ between the life situation and the perception of that situation
roadblock
a ______ between the perception phase and the emotion phase can also be established
roadblock
each _____ that interrupts the stress model will stop some adverse effects of stress, but not all
roadblock
once physiological arousal occurs a _______ between it an poor health must consist of some form of physical activity that uses the built up stress products
roadblock
when a life situation requiring adaptation occurs, a _____ between that life situation and the next phase (percieving it as stressful) could be set up
roadblock
when you only learn a few stress management techniques you are only prepared to set up _______ at one location on the stress theory model
roadblock
intervention entails setting up ______ at various points on the stress theory model
roadblocks
stress management involves setting up ____ on the road leading from the life situations through perception, emotional arousal, and physiological arousal and ending in negative consequences
roadblocks
______ appraisal is determining whether resources needed to meet the demand are available
secondary
_____ is the confidence in the ability to manage a demand/threat
self-efficacy
because the stress model includes sequential phasses, with each phase dependent upon the full development of the previous phase, any interruption of this _____ will short circuit the process
sequence
each roadblock is like a _____ that sifts and filters out some stress but allows some more to pass through to the next phase of the stress theory model
sieve
______ is the result of a demand that exceeds resources available to meet that demand
stress
if you are physiologically aroused, especially for a prolongued period and you reaction remains the same you may contract a _______ related illness
stress
lazarus's model considers _____ occurring when we perceive a threat
stress
distress is
stress that results in negative consequences such as decreased performance and growth
if there is only one concept by which you remember this course it is
that you are in much greater control over yourself than you have ever realized
outcome efficacy is
the belief that in general people can accomplish the task such as quitting smoking
when a demand exceeds resources available to meet that demand the demand is evaluated as a
threat
how do you manage stress
with a comprehensive stress management system that you can employ to control stress and tension.
can cognitive appraisal be controlled
yes
you are in charge of
you
what is an example of task oriented coping
you are worried about a test, you find better ways to study
personal efficacy is
your belief that you can or cannot accomplish the task
interventions are
activities to block a stressor from resulting in negative consequences, such as psychological discomfort, anxiety, illness, and disease.
a roadblock (intervention technique) used at only one place on the stress model will not stop ____ the negative effects of stress
all
no one roadblock will stop ____ adverse effects of stress
all
