stress exam
Which of the following is a difference between life changes and daily hassles? Life changes are negative, whereas daily hassles are positive. Life changes occur at irregular intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly. Life changes can cause one to worry and affect his or her mood, whereas daily hassles do not affect the mood. Life changes predict health problems, whereas daily hassles do not predict health problems.
Life changes occur at irregular intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly.
According to the general adaptation syndrome, the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the _________ are lower than the levels in the alarm reaction but still higher than normal. response reaction flight-or-flight reaction exhaustion stage resistance stage
resistance stage
What is the result of high self-efficacy expectations? Lower levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline Better ability to function in spite of pain Less disturbance by adverse events All of these
All of these
According to the different types of social support, _________ involves helping people interpret, or "make sense of," what has happened to them. appraisal instrumental aid emotional concern socializing
Appraisal
According to Neal E. Miller, which of the following is the least stressful type of conflict? Avoidance-avoidance conflict Approach-approach conflict Approach-avoidance conflict Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Approach-approach conflict
Dawn wants to be a veterinarian because she wants to help animals remain healthy. On the other hand, she cannot see animals suffering from illnesses. According to Neal E. Miller, what is this type of conflict called? Avoidance-avoidance conflict Approach-approach conflict Approach-avoidance conflict Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Approach-avoidance conflict
In _____ conflict, you are motivated to avoid each of the two negative goals. However, avoiding one requires approaching the other. multiple approach-avoidance avoidance-avoidance approach-avoidance approach-approach
Avoidance-avoidance
In _____ conflict, you are motivated to avoid each of the two negative goals. However, avoiding one requires approaching the other. multiple approach-avoidance avoidance-avoidance approach-avoidance approach-approach
Avoidance-avoidance conflict is more stressful because you are motivated to avoid each of two negative goals. However, avoiding one requires approaching the other
_________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness. Psychological factors Sociocultural factors Biological factors Environmental factors
Biological factors
A professor is active in the extra-curricular activities of the college where he teaches, in addition to his normal duties. According to Kobasa, which of the following characteristic of psychological hardiness does the professor exhibit? Commitment Challenge Control Conversion
Commitment
_________ is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives. Inner concern Inflammation Eustress Conflict
Conflict
________ are regularly occurring experiences that can harm our well-being, even our sex lives. Daily hassles Life changes Irrational beliefs Self-efficacy expectations
Daily hassles
Eric has high blood pressure, and his doctors have found no specific cause. This condition is called: obesity. high serum cholesterol. essential hypertension. eustress.
Essential hypertension
What is Hans Selye's term for strain that is healthful? Fixation Eugenics Eustress Catharsis
Eustress
Who among the following perceives the ability to attain reinforcements as being largely outside themselves? Externals Internals Type A people Type B people
Externals
The field of psychology that studies the relationships between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical wellness problems is known as _____. psychopathology neuropsychology health psychology stress psychology
Health psychology
Susan is in the alarm reaction stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely to occur? Her heart and respiration rates slow down and her muscles become fatigued. Her endocrine and sympathetic activity stay slightly above normal, and her body remains under heavy burden. Her hypothalamus secretes cortisol, which in turn causes her pituitary gland to secrete corticotrophin-releasing hormones. Her body has been aroused and she experiences a fight-or-flight reaction.
Her body has been aroused and she experiences a fight-or-flight reaction.
Kevin is in the exhaustion stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to occur? His heart and respiration rates slow down and his muscles become fatigued. His endocrine and sympathetic activity remains above normal, but lower than in the alarm stage. His hypothalamus secretes corticotrophin-releasing hormones, which in turn causes his pituitary gland to secrete cortisol. His body gets activated, and he experiences a fight-or-flight
His heart and respiration rates slow down and his muscles become fatigued.
_________ can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress. Irrational beliefs Life changes Daily hassles Psychological hardiness
Life changes
Which of the following is a difference between life changes and daily hassles? Life changes are negative, whereas daily hassles are positive. Life changes occur at irregular intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly. Life changes can cause one to worry and affect his or her mood, whereas daily hassles do not affect the mood. Life changes predict health problems, whereas daily hassles do not predict health problems.
Life changes occur at irregular intervals, whereas daily hassles occur regularly
According to Albert Ellis, which of the following is true of beliefs? People are able to reduce stress through biofeedback. People frequently minimize the significance of events. Our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, can be stressors. Heightening an individual's emotional reaction to a loss enhances coping ability.
Our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, can be stressors.
Which of the following is true of coronary heart disease (CHD)? People with a family history of CHD are less likely to develop the disease themselves. People who are highly prone to anger are less likely than other people to have CHD. Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to CHD. Eating animal fat, sunbathing, prolonged psychological conditions such as depression or stress heighten the risk of CHD.
Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to CHD.
_________ is a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control. Flight-or-fight reaction General adaptation syndrome Self-efficacy expectation Psychological hardiness
Psychological hardiness
Which of the following is NOT one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome? Alarm reaction Resistance stage Exhaustion stage Resilience phase
Resilience phase
Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness? Rose, who feels alienated from her co-workers Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow Robert, who feels helpless at work Rufus, who believes that stability is normal
Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary heart disease? Overeating Smoking Sunbathing Heavy drinking
Sunbathing
Which of the following is true of people with Type A behavior pattern? They eat slowly. They dominate group discussions. They delegate authority to others. They arrive late to appointments.
They attempt to dominate group discussions.
Which of the following is a difference between Type A people and Type B people? Type A people are more likely to continue to strive for more and more as compared to Type B people. Type A people show lower blood pressure than Type B people in response to stressors. Type A people relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life as compared to Type B people. Type A people earn lower grades and less money than Type B people who are equal in intelligence.
Type A people are more likely to continue to strive for more and more as compared to Type B people
Type B people: are reluctant to delegate authority in work place and thus increase their own work load. feel rushed and pressured and keep one eye glued to the clock. are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive. relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life
Type B people relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life. They are less ambitious and less impatient, and they pace themselves
Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However, he has to choose between the two schools. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n): avoidance-avoidance conflict. approach-approach conflict. approach-avoidance conflict. multiple approach-avoidance conflict.
approach-approach conflict.
Type A people: readily delegate authority in work place and thus decrease their own work load. eat, walk, and talk slowly. are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive. are not prone to getting into auto accidents.
are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive.
After getting back from work, Greg is attempting to decide whether he should stay home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but he feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of _____. avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict approach-avoidance conflict multiple approach-avoidance conflict
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Emily is on a diet. For lunch, she has the choice of a salad with fat-free dressing and a fruit plate. However, she does not like either of them. According to Neal E. Miller, what is this type of conflict called? Avoidance-avoidance conflict Approach-approach conflict Approach-avoidance conflict Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
avoidance-avoidance conflict.
The immune system combats disease: by producing red blood cells, which engulf and kill pathogens. by generating antibodies, which attach themselves to antigens, deactivating them and marking them for destruction. by decreasing the flow of blood, cells, and natural chemicals to the damaged area, causing the redness, swelling, and warmth that characterize inflammation. by lowering endocrine and sympathetic activity.
by generating antibodies, which attach themselves to antigens, deactivating them and marking them for destruction.
Irrational beliefs compound misery and foster helplessness by: making positive events more aversive. catastrophizing the extent of loss. lowering an individual's emotional reaction to loss. reducing hypertension and lowering LDL serum cholesterol.
catastrophizing the extent of loss
Mark, a cancer patient, has decided to face his disease with courage and make whatever adjustments necessary to enjoy the rest of his life. According to Kobasa, Mark demonstrates the _____ characteristic of psychologically hardy people. conversion challenge control change
challenge
People with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to: gain weight. have irrational beliefs. control their alcohol intake. continue smoking.
control their alcohol intake
According to the different kinds of social support, _________ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance. appraisal instrumental aid emotional concern socializing
emotional concern
Serena has an internal locus of control. This means that she: can only control her inner emotions. can only control her outward appearance. feels controlled by others. feels in control of her own life.
feels in control of her own life
Ever since Michelle failed her biology final, she has been thinking that she will never be able to find a job when she eventually graduates. She feels that she will end up homeless. This demonstrates what psychologist Albert Ellis calls: psychological hardiness. self-efficacy expectation. coronary-prone behavior pattern. irrational beliefs.
irrational beliefs.
The immune system is able to fight off foreign substances like pathogens because of the functioning of white blood cells called _________. leukocytes antigens corticosteroids pathogens
leukocytes.
The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) can be reduced by: lowering LDL serum cholesterol. eating fewer fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. increasing hypertension. eating more saturated fats.
lowering LDL serum cholesterol
In _________, each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses. multiple approach-avoidance conflict avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Which of the following is true of cancer? People who are highly prone to anger are more likely to develop cancer than others. Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to cancer. Obesity, high serum cholesterol levels, and hypertension (high blood pressure) are risk factors for cancer. People whose immune system is damaged by physical or psychological factors may be more likely to develop cancer.
people whose immune system is damaged by physical or psychological factors may be more likely to develop cancer.
Many health problems are affected by _________, such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior. psychological factors sociocultural factors biological factors environmental factors
psychological factors
Carole seems to be incredibly healthy; she is able to resist illness despite being severely stressed. She fully involves herself in whatever she is doing. She believes that change is normal and that she has control over the course of her life. Psychologists would say that Carole is: low in self-efficacy expectations. psychologically hardy. indulging in irrational beliefs. catastrophizing.
psychologically hardy.
The belief that we can bring about desired changes through our own efforts is called _________. psychological hardiness self-efficacy expectation locus of control life change
self-efficacy expectation
Eugene believes that he can bring about positive changes in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene has high _____. irrational beliefs Type B personality traits Type A personality traits self-efficacy expectations
self-efficacy expectations
According to the different kinds of social support, _________ involves making conversation, recreation, and even going shopping with someone. emotional concern socializing instrument aid appraisal
socializing
According to the general adaptation syndrome, the _________ is triggered by perception of a stressor. exhaustion stage alarm reaction resistance stage flight reaction
the alarm reaction
In _________, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach. multiple approach-avoidance conflict avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict
the approach-approach conflict
_________ allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it. Eustress Predictability Self-efficacy Commitment
Predictability
_________ is a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control. Flight-or-fight reaction General adaptation syndrome Self-efficacy expectation Psychological hardiness
Psychological hardiness
In _________, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach. multiple approach-avoidance conflict avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict
approach-approach conflict
To _________ is to interpret negative events as being disastrous or to "blow out of proportion." internalize catastrophize challenge control
catastrophize
Overtime work, assembly line labor, and exposure to conflicting demands can all contribute to _________. acquired immunodeficiency disease carpal tunnel syndrome cancer coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease
When an individual can no longer cope with ongoing stress and becomes ill, he or she has reached the _________ of the general adaptation syndrome. resistance stage alarm stage exhaustion stage reaction stage
exhaustion stage
Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____. health hassles inner concern hassles work hassles security hassles
inner concern hassles
In _________, each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses. multiple approach-avoidance conflict avoidance-avoidance conflict approach-avoidance conflict approach-approach conflict
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Influenza is caused by a virus. This virus is an example of disease-causing organisms called _____. pathogens antibodies antigens leukocytes
pathogens
Many health problems are affected by _________, such as attitudes, emotions, and behavior. psychological factors sociocultural factors biological factors environmental factors
psychological factors
Connor was frightened as his cab was weaving in and out of traffic across the city. The level of his endocrine and sympathetic activity eventually lowered as his body attempted to restore lost energy and repair damage. Connor is in the _____ of the general adaptation syndrome. alarm reaction stage resistance stage exhaustion stage resilience phase
resistance stage
The belief that we can bring about desired changes through our own efforts is called _________. psychological hardiness self-efficacy expectation locus of control life change
self-efficacy expectation
