study session 2

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abductor pollicis longus (AbPL) function

- abduct thumb - extend thumb at CMC joint - abducts wrist (*radial deviation*)

coracobrachialis function

- aid flexion & adduction of arm at shoulder joint - doesn't go to forearm = no forearm motion

pronator teres function

- assist pronation - weak elbow flexor (does not cross wrist = no wrist movements)

triceps brachii function

- elbow extension - long head assist in shoulder extension & adduction (because originates at infraglenoid tubercle)

extensor pollicis longus (EPL) function

- extend IP joint - extend proximal phalanx (MP joint) + metacarpal bone (CMC joint) - assist wrist abduction (radial deviation)

extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) function

- extend MP + CMC joint of thumb - assist in wrist abduction (*radial deviation*)

opponens digiti minimi function

- flex + laterally rotate pinky at CM joint - to cup the hand: opposition

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) function

- flex proximal interphalangeal (PIP) + metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints - assist wrist flexion (if not PIP)

biceps brachii function

- flexion (especially against resistance) - supination - most effective: flexion + supination

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) functions

- flexion 2nd - 5th distal IP (DIP) joints - assist flexion proximal IP (PIP) & MP joints - assist wrist flexion (if not DIP)

flexor pollicis longus (FPL) functions

- flexion of IP joint of thumb - assist flexion of MP + carpometacarpal (CM) joints of thumb - assist wrist flexion

3 deep muscles of anterior forearm

- flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) - flexor pollicis longus (FPL) - pronator quadratus

lumbricals innervation

- lateral 2: median nerve - medial 2: ulnar nerve

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) innervation

- medial (ulnar) half: ulnar nerve - lateral (radial) half: anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

opponens pollicis function

- postion thumb in opposition - rotates 1st metacarpal medially at the CM joint

5 superficial muscles of anterior forearm (lateral - medial)

- pronator teres - flexor carpi radialis (FCR) - palmaris longus - flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) - flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

palmaris longus function

- tense palmar skin - weak wrist flexor

triceps brachii origin/insertion

O: - long head: infraglenoid tubercle - lateral head: above radial groove - medial head: below radial groove I: olecranon of ulna

adductor pollicis origin/insertion

O: - transverse head: 3rd metacarpal - oblique head: capitate, base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpals I: medial base of proximal phalanx of thumb

palmar interossei origin/insertion

O: 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals I: proximal phalanx of corresponding finger + dorsal digital expansion - medial side: index finger - lateral side: ring + little fingers

flexor pollicis longus (FPL) origin/insertion

O: anterior radius I: base of distal phalanx of thumb

coracobrachialis origin/insertion

O: coracoid process I: medial shaft of humerus

pronator quadratus origin/insertion

O: distal 1/4 of ulna I: distal 1/4 of anterior radius

brachialis origin/insertion

O: distal anterior humerus I: tuberosity of ulna

flexor digiti minimi origin/insertion

O: flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate I: base of medial proximal phalanx

opponens digiti minimi origin/insertion

O: flexor retinaculum + hook of hamate I: medial shaft of 5th metacarpal

abductor pollicis brevis (AbPB) origin/insertion

O: flexor retinaculum + scaphoid + trapezium I: lateral (radial) proximal phalanx of thumb

flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) origin/insertion

O: flexor retinaculum + trapezium I: shaft of first metacarpal on lateral side

opponens pollicis origin/insertion

O: flexor retinaculum + trapezium I: shaft of lateral first metacarpal

extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle I: base of 3rd metacarpal

extensor digitorum (ED) origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle I: via *tendons* to 2nd-5th digits - 4 tendons of ED - help form the extensor expansions

extensor digiti minimi (EDM) origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle I: via tendon to 5th digit (medial to ED tendon of 5th digit) - help form extensor expansion of fifth finger

extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle + proximal ulna I: base of 5th metacarpal

supinator origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle + ulna I: upper 1/3 of radius (lateral surface)

anconeus origin/insertion

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: side of olecranon, upper part of ulna

extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) origin/insertion

O: lower 1/3 of supracondylar ridge I: base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal side)

flexor carpi radialis (FCR) origin/insertion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: base of 2nd metacarpal + (maybe extensions to base of 3rd metacarpal)

palmaris longus origin/insertion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis

pronator teres origin/insertion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus + medial coronoid process of ulna I: lateral radius

flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) origin/insertion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus + medial proximal ulna (olecranon) + upper posterior border of ulna I: pisiform + hook of hamate (pisohamate ligament) + base of 5th metacarpal (pisometacarpal ligament)

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) origin/insertion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus + ulna + anterior radius I: middle phalanx of associated finger - superficial plane: 3rd + 4th digits - deep plane: 2nd + 5th digits

abductor pollicis longus (AbPL) origin/insertion

O: middle posterior surface of radius + ulna I: lateral (radial) base of 1st metacarpal (thumb)

abductor digiti minimi origin/insertion

O: pisiform/pisohamate ligament + tendon of FCU I: base of medial proximal phalanx

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) origin/insertion

O: posterior border of ulna (along with FCU) + 2/3 anterior ulna I: base of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges

extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) origin/insertion

O: radius (distal of AbPL) I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

dorsal interossei origin/insertion

O: sides of adjacent metacarpals in between which they lie I: base of proximal phalanx + dorsal digital expansion

lumbricals origin/insertion

O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus I: radial side of dorsal expansion of associated finger

extensor indicis origin/insertion

O: ulna I: medial (ulnar) side of extensor expansion of index finger - help form extensor expansion

extensor pollicis longus (EPL) origin/insertion

O: ulna (further than brevis) I: base of distal phalanx of thumb

brachioradialis origin/insertion

O: upper 2/3 of lateral supracondylar I: distal radius - lateral side with radial styloid process

biceps brachii origin/insertion

Origin: - short head: coracoid process - long head: supraglenoid tubercle I: tuberosity of radius

brachioradialis function

RESERVE elbow flexor for fast motion or against resistance - more active when forearm is prone or semi-prone - doesn't cross wrist joint = no wrist action

abductor pollicis brevis (AbPB) function

abduct MP + CM joints of thumb

dorsal interossei function

abduct fingers (in reference to middle finger)

abductor digiti minimi function

abduct little finger - aid in flexion of little finger

palmar interossei function

adduct fingers (in reference to middle finger)

adductor pollicis function

adduct thumb (inserts on medial side) - assists flexion at MP joint

flexor pollicis longus (FPL) innervation

anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

pronator quadratus innervation

anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

anconeus function

assist elbow extension (weak)

supinator innervation

deep radial nerve/ posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

abductor pollicis longus (AbPL) innervation