Study Set 3.1 - 3.3

DTP

(DTP)is similar to word processing but with more emphasis on the formatting and layout of documents than on editing the text. DTP software also contains better tools for preparing a document to be printed professionally. DTP software combines text and images in the best possible layout for a wide variety of media, including books, magazines, posters, ebooks, and web pages.

All Files Extensions

.txt A plain text file that contains no formatting other than spaces and line breaks. You can open files that have a .txt extension in any text editing program, such as Notepad, or word processing programs, such as Microsoft Word. .rtf Rich Text Format (RTF), or a text file that includes a limited amount of formatting such as bold and italic. You can open files that have the .rtf extension in various applications, such as common word processors or Microsoft's WordPad accessory. .doc/.docx A data file created in a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word or WordPad. You might also see .docx, which is the Office 2007, 2010, and 2013 format. .xls/.xlsx Data files created in Microsoft Excel. Files® created in Office 2007, 2010, and 2013 are indicated by the .xlsx file extension. .ppt/.pptx Data files created in Microsoft PowerPoint® . Files created in Office 2007, 2010, and 2013 are indicated by the .pptx file extension. .pdf The versatile Portable Document Format (PDF) file format can be read by any computer with a free reader application, such as Adobe Reader. Audio .aac The Advanced Audio Coding file format. .flac The Free Lossless Audio Codec file format. .m4a The Apple Lossless Audio Codec file format used for digital music files. .mp3 The Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 format used to store and play audio files in digital audio players. .wav An audio file in the Waveform Audio File format that was developed by Microsoft and IBM. Types of files File Extensions Descriptions Images .bmp The Microsoft Windows bitmap image file format. .gif The Graphics Interchange Format image file format. .jpg/.jpeg The Joint Photographic Experts Group image file format that is commonly used in photographs. .png The Portable Network Graphic image file format. .tif/.tiff The Tagged Image File format. Video .avi The Microsoft Audio Video Interleaved file format that contains audio and video data. .flv The Adobe Flash video file format used for delivering videos over the Internet. .mp4 The Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4 (MP4) format used to store and play video files. .mpg/.mpeg The Moving Picture Experts Group file format for audio and video files. .wmv The Microsoft Windows Media video file format. Executables .app The application program executable file format used by Apple. .bat A batch file; a small text file containing a list of system commands that execute in a batch rather than requiring the user to enter each command in succession. .com A command file or compiled application file. .exe Windows executable file that launches programs and applications. .msi A Windows Installer package; a file that can specify installation parameters for an application. .scexe A Linux self-extracting executable file. Compression formats .iso.dmg An optical disc image of a file system that is commonly used for archiving.A password-protected, compressed Apple Disk Image file format used by Mac OS X. .gzip/.gz The free file compression file format developed for the GNU Project. .jar A Java archive file format used to distribute Java class files and associated metadata files. .rar Developed by Eugene Roshal, this archive file format supports compression, among other features. .7zip/.7z The open archive file format that uses compression. .tar A compressed file created with the XZ compression format. .zip A file compression format that has built-in support in most operating systems.

Task Manager

A Windows utility that shows programs currently running and permits you to exit nonresponsive programs when you click End Task.

Drivers

A driver (device driver) is specialized software that controls a device attached to a computer. A 64-bit driver will not work with a 32-bit OS, and this is also true vice versa.

Utilities - all types

Antimalware detects and eliminates malicious software that resides on a computer. Examples include Windows Defender and Malwarebytes Anti-Malware. Software firewalls filter incoming or outgoing network traffic depending on how they are configured. Examples include ZoneAlarm and Comodo Internet Security (CIS). Diagnostic/maintenance software reports on any problems or issues that a computer may be experiencing. Examples include Windows Action Center and PC-Doctor. Compression software reduces the size of files so that they can be stored and transmitted more easily. Examples include WinZip and 7-Zip.

dfrgui.exe

Arranges stored data on a disk into contiguous blocks (defragmentation). Because individual files are stored on disks in multiple separate blocks, the used and empty storage areas on a disk can become fragmented and scattered.

Business Specific Software

Collaboration Software Collaboration is the act of working with others. Collaboration software is therefore software that allows a group of people to communicate and/or co-ordinate. It can also mean a group working on a project, such as documentation. This does not necessarily mean that all parties collaborating must work on the same project at the same time. If communication with all members must happen in real-time, the collaboration software is synchronous. If the tiBusiness Specific Applications Some software (productivity software) is for general office tasks. Some software is created specifically for certain business roles. This is software that not everyone will need or have access to. Project Management Applications Project management software helps with the efficient use of an organization's resources in order to complete projects in a timely fashion. Project management software comes as client software for one person to use. However, as stated previously, some software must be shared and accessed by many people. This type of software can also be collaborative software. This means that the software must be installed and stored in a shareable location such as a network accessible server or in the cloud. MS Project® and smartsheet® are two very common project management softwares. Customer Relational Management software This type of software, as the name implies, helps with the management of customer relations. This type of software also uses calendar and resource management views and tasks. However, these are more aligned with the use of resources to assist with the sale of services and products to customers. Accounting Software Most businesses exist for the purpose of generating a profit. But even non-profit business must be able to keep track of money coming in and money going out. The concept of accounting is quite simple. Accounting software is designed to support financial functions such as order processing, accountancy, and payroll. QuickBooks This is an accounting software that's been around for a while. Many companies are able to satisfy all of their accounting needs using this software. Examples are creating invoices for customers to pay or accounts receivable, invoices for paying their bills or accounts payable, keeping track of employee expenses such as mileage, hours worked, commission or payroll.

Colloboration Software - all types

Collaboration software is designed to facilitate sharing data and resources between users in a variety of locations and using a variety of computing devices. Common types of collaboration software include: Online workspace Document storage/sharing Screen sharing software Video conferencing software Instant messaging software Email software

CAD

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software makes technical drawings and schematics easier to produce and revise. Drawings can be rotated or viewed in 3D and easily transmitted to a client for feedback. CAD is often linked to Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) which enables the data produced in CAD drawings to be loaded into a machine which then manufactures the part.

Graphic Design

DTP and web design software is often used in conjunction with graphic design applications. There are many types of graphic design applications, which can be broadly categorized as follows: Digital darkroom products such as Adobe Photoshop assist with the correction and manipulation of photographic images. Digital paint products such as Corel Painter allow the creation of bitmap artwork on a computer. Digital drawing products such as Adobe Illustrator allow the creation of vectorbased line art. 3D and animation packages allow the creation of digital films or creation of effects in motion pictures.

Device Manager

Device management is the process of managing the implementation, operation and maintenance of a physical and/or virtual device. Device Manager is a useful tool used to manage and configure system devices.Device Manager is accessible in Windows 10 by simply typing Device Manager in the Search command in the Task Bar.

Entertainment Software

Entertainment software enables you to purchase, collect, and experience entertainment media such as music and movies on a computer. Examples include Google Play and iTunes.

Event Viewer

Event Viewer is used to view the contents of event logs, which are files that contain information about significant events that occur on your computer. You can access the Event Viewer by right-clicking the Start screen button on the Desktop and selecting Event Viewer.

Utilities - all

Every operating system comes with a host of utilities designed to help you diagnose and troubleshoot problems and simplify tasks.Every operating system comes with a host of utilities designed to help you diagnose and troubleshoot problems and simplify tasks.Windows Task Manager is a basic system-diagnostic and performance-monitoring tool.The System Information utility displays detailed information about the current system configuration, including a general summary of the system components, hardware resource assignments by category, installed hardware devices, the software environment, and Internet Explorer® settings.Open System Information by entering the following command into the Search charm or at a command prompt: msinfo32 A subset of this information is available through Settings→Change PC settings→PC and devices→PC info.Event Viewer is used to view the contents of event logs, which are files that contain information about significant events that occur on your computer. You can access the Event Viewer by right-clicking the Start screen button on the Desktop and selecting Event Viewer.The Computer Management console serves as a veritable Swiss army knife of major system administration and information tools. Open the Computer Management console by right-clicking the Start screen button on the Desktop and selecting Computer Management.

format.exe

Formats partitions to a selected file system. You can run the format command at the command line, Explorer and choose Format.

Interfaces

GUI or graphical user interface is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.CLI stands for Command Line Interface. This type of operating system is used by pro workers. In this type of operating system the user can type commands to the open file, delete file and any other work. This type of operating system is difficult to used by any normal computer user.

Task Scheduling

Management and scheduling are the methods used by the Operating System to assign the resources necessary to do tasks. Timing is everything. All tasks are scheduled and are an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system. Scheduling is what makes CPU multitasking possible. Multitasking is the ability to run many applications concurrently, or at the same time.Killing, or ending a process can be done using commands.

Services

Many programs run hidden or in the background. These programs are called services. Services usually start at system boot or when launching an application.

GUI

Operating Systems provide two primary interfaces for the user. The most common interface used by most computer users is called the Graphical User Interface (GUI). This type of interface uses small images that represent commands or programs. These images are called icons. An arrow on the screen that is controlled by the mouse is called a cursor. Clicking a mouse button, sometimes double clicking a mouse button on an icon sends a signal or command to the computer telling it to do something like launching a program.

Types of OSs

Popular O/S- Windows, Unix, MAC OS, Linux Moblie: Andriod, IOS, Windows Phone

Productivity Software - all types

Productivity software is a broad term that describes applications that help users complete typical office tasks. Some common examples include: Word processing software Spreadsheet software Email software Basic database software PDF software Presentation software Desktop publishing software Personal information managers (PIM) Remote desktop software

FAT File systems

Several related file systems based on the original FAT file system. They include FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT. Each has a logical structure that includes a file allocation table (FAT) and a directory structure.

Purpose of OS

The operating system provides the following functions: - Provides the user-friendly environment to work with system features and applications. - Converts a user's input and sends it to the monitor or other display device. - Controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. - Provides the structure for files and folders. Monitors the operating system's health and functionality.

Database Software

The simplest definition of a database is "information stored in a useful way." In order for a database to exist, it must have information. Database packages enable the user to store, organize, and retrieve information. Databases can search through thousands of records quickly and display data in a format specified by the user. The database application in Microsoft Office is called Microsoft Access. This is suitable for creating databases with tens of users.

Specialized Software - all types

The specialized software category contains all of the other types that do not fit in the first three. Companies in architectural, engineering, medical, and financial fields require software applications that are specific for the documents and files that they need to create and use. Some common specialized software applications might include: Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used to create design specifications for electronics, mechanical objects, animation, and other products. Examples include AutoCAD and SketchUp. Graphic design software is used to create visual representations of concepts and ideas. Examples include Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW. Medical software that is used to collect, analyze, and present data related to medical information. Examples include Kareo and athenaCollector. Scientific software is used to collect, analyze, and present data used in experiments. Examples include LISREL and Sage. Financial software is used to keep track of expenses, maintain a budget, file taxes, and manage other financial information. Examples include Quicken and Microsoft Dynamics. Gaming software enables you to purchase, collect, and play video games on a computer. Examples include Steam and Origin.

Drive Formatting

To format a drive means that it is prepared to use a specific or different types of file systems. Every operating system has its preferred file system. Windows® uses the New Technology File System (NTFS), File Allocation Table (FAT), File Allocation Table - 16 bit (FAT16), File Allocation Table - 32 bit (FAT32) or Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT). Macintosh uses the Hierarchical File System (HFS). Macintosh can read and write to all Windows® File systems but can only read NTFS. Windows® can only read HFS but requires the installation of an Apple HFS Driver or use a third party application like HFS Explorer. These file systems will be discussed in further detail in a later section.

chkdsk.exe

Verifies the logical integrity of a file system. With the /f switch, chkdsk can repair the file system data. Enter chkdsk drive letter: /f in the Run dialog box or at the command line. With the /r switch, chkdsk can locate bad sectors on the disk and recover any readable information.

Process

When an application is launched, it spurs at least one process. A process is basically executing a program.

Disk Management

Windows® Disk Management Manages disk drives as well as the partitions the drives contain. With Disk Management, you can: Display the drives attached to the system. Display, create, and remove partitions on the drives. Assign drive letters to partitions. Determine the amount of free space on a partition. Reformat partitions. Convert partitions from a file allocation table (FAT) or 32-bit file allocation table (FAT32) file system to an NT File System (NTFS).

NTFS

____ provides the ability to assign access rights to files and directories. a. FAT12 c. NTFS b. FAT24 d. FAT32

CLI

he other type of user interface is the Command Line Interface (CLI). This is also called a Console or Terminal. A user is presented a text window with an indication of what directory the user currently has access to. In Windows®, a user can type cmd in the search field and the command prompt will open. A command dir can be entered to list files and folders as shown in the image.