Study Skills Chapter 5
memory process 1
intentionally use selective attention
look-away technique
involves looking at printed info and then looking away to recall and recite details without any visual prompts
memory process 5
connect to and expand existing schemas
memory process 12
do not rush learning process
short term memory limitations
duration and capacity
memory process 6
select appropriate strategies to work with declarative and procedural knowledge
schemas
sets of memories or clusters of related info that form large concepts or frameworks to which other related ideas, facts, and details can be attached
learning processes in working memory
1 attitude, interest, intention 2. elaborative rehearsal 3. multisensory processing 4. selectivity 5. self-quizzing and feedback 6. associations and retrieval cues 7. rehearsal time and pace
4 common kinds of encoding
1. visual encoding (colors, pictures) 2. linguistic encoding (words, sounds) 3. kinesthetic encoding (actions) 4. semantic encoding (categories, episodic mems)
multisensory strategies
1. visualization 2. recitation 3. looking-away technique
3 key memory processes
1. encoding 2. memory storage 3. memory retrieval
3 memory storage centers
1. sensory memory storage center 2. short-term storage center 3. long-term storage center
feedback model
Learning goal Action Feedback through self-quizzing Comparison Results
information processing model
a cognitive model that consists of three memory centers; sensory memory, working memory, and long term memory
long term memory
a permanent storage center that holds chunks of info received from working memory
memory process 11
create and practice associations and retrieval cues
memory process 2
encode info on deeper levels
memory process 10
include feedback in learning processes
encoding
process of attaching special memory codes to information so that long-term memory can process, categorize, and store it for later use and retrieval
recitation
process of explaining info clearly, out loud in your own words, and in complete sentenes without referring to printed materieals
memory storage
process of holding or maintaining coded information for a given period of time
selectivity
process of identifying and separating main ideas and important details from a larger body of info
association
process of linking together two or more items or chunks of info to process into long-term memory
memory retrieval
process of recalling, pulling back into use, or recovering coded info from memory
elaborative rehearsal
process of thinking about, working with and encoding information in new ways
rote memory
process of using repetition to learn information in the exact form in which it was presented
Visualization
process of using visual encoding to make pictures or movies in your mind
feedback
process of verifying how accurately and thoroughly you have or have not learned specific info
recognition tasks
recognize parts of an object when labels are provided recognize correct answer from a list of options
working memory
refers to all cognitive processes or activities that occur in our conscious mind
recall tasks
respond with correct answer when no prompts provided explain info
Magic 7 +/- theory
states that immediate memory span is 7 items plus 2 items or minus 2 items
short term storage center
temporary storage center in working memory that receives info from sensory center and briefly holds that info for further processing or encoding. <30 seconds
sensory memory storage center
temporary storage center that receives and holds sensory input for 1 or 2 seconds
memory process 7
use elaborative rehearsal to process information
memory process 8
use multisensory strategies to create strong impressions
memory process 9
use selectivity when you study
memory process 4
use the magic 7 +/- theory
memory process 3
work immediately with incoming stimuli
