Study Skills Chapter 5

memory process 1

intentionally use selective attention

look-away technique

involves looking at printed info and then looking away to recall and recite details without any visual prompts

memory process 5

connect to and expand existing schemas

memory process 12

do not rush learning process

short term memory limitations

duration and capacity

memory process 6

select appropriate strategies to work with declarative and procedural knowledge

schemas

sets of memories or clusters of related info that form large concepts or frameworks to which other related ideas, facts, and details can be attached

learning processes in working memory

1 attitude, interest, intention 2. elaborative rehearsal 3. multisensory processing 4. selectivity 5. self-quizzing and feedback 6. associations and retrieval cues 7. rehearsal time and pace

4 common kinds of encoding

1. visual encoding (colors, pictures) 2. linguistic encoding (words, sounds) 3. kinesthetic encoding (actions) 4. semantic encoding (categories, episodic mems)

multisensory strategies

1. visualization 2. recitation 3. looking-away technique

3 key memory processes

1. encoding 2. memory storage 3. memory retrieval

3 memory storage centers

1. sensory memory storage center 2. short-term storage center 3. long-term storage center

feedback model

Learning goal Action Feedback through self-quizzing Comparison Results

information processing model

a cognitive model that consists of three memory centers; sensory memory, working memory, and long term memory

long term memory

a permanent storage center that holds chunks of info received from working memory

memory process 11

create and practice associations and retrieval cues

memory process 2

encode info on deeper levels

memory process 10

include feedback in learning processes

encoding

process of attaching special memory codes to information so that long-term memory can process, categorize, and store it for later use and retrieval

recitation

process of explaining info clearly, out loud in your own words, and in complete sentenes without referring to printed materieals

memory storage

process of holding or maintaining coded information for a given period of time

selectivity

process of identifying and separating main ideas and important details from a larger body of info

association

process of linking together two or more items or chunks of info to process into long-term memory

memory retrieval

process of recalling, pulling back into use, or recovering coded info from memory

elaborative rehearsal

process of thinking about, working with and encoding information in new ways

rote memory

process of using repetition to learn information in the exact form in which it was presented

Visualization

process of using visual encoding to make pictures or movies in your mind

feedback

process of verifying how accurately and thoroughly you have or have not learned specific info

recognition tasks

recognize parts of an object when labels are provided recognize correct answer from a list of options

working memory

refers to all cognitive processes or activities that occur in our conscious mind

recall tasks

respond with correct answer when no prompts provided explain info

Magic 7 +/- theory

states that immediate memory span is 7 items plus 2 items or minus 2 items

short term storage center

temporary storage center in working memory that receives info from sensory center and briefly holds that info for further processing or encoding. <30 seconds

sensory memory storage center

temporary storage center that receives and holds sensory input for 1 or 2 seconds

memory process 7

use elaborative rehearsal to process information

memory process 8

use multisensory strategies to create strong impressions

memory process 9

use selectivity when you study

memory process 4

use the magic 7 +/- theory

memory process 3

work immediately with incoming stimuli