Substance Use and Abuse Final Exam

This group has received attention with regard to treatment given the role hormones play in the addiction process

Women

What type of alcoholic is characterized as a moderate drinker who becomes abusive and violent? Epsilon alcoholic Alpha alcoholic Gamma alcoholic Zeta alcoholic

Zeta alcoholic

Common OTC allergy and cold products contain which of the following ingredients? sympathomimetics analgesics antihistamines All of these are correct.

all of these are correct

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) focuses on which of the following? employment and support legal status medical status All of these are correct

all of these are correct

True or False: Many who enter treatment drop out or relapse during the course of treatment

True

True or False: Primary prevention is concerned with preventing any drug use before it actually occurs

True

True or False: There is little or no federal regulation for most herbal remedies.

True

Discuss two reasons CNS depressants can be problematic.

Two reasons that CNS depressants can be problematic is because 1) CNS depressants can cause dependency over long periods of time and 2) if too much is taken, it can cause the respiratory system to depress too much. This can cause someone to stop breathing.

In general, in Georgia, where laws against marijuana remain tight, possession of more than ________oz(s) of marijuana is a felony in Georgia, punishable by one to 10 years in prison.

1

The __________ Amendment was responsible for Prohibition.

18th

Vaping and e-cigs have seen the most significant increase in trends in this group

Adolescents

Select all that would be viable combined approaches to treatment of addiction. Behavioral therapy Counseling Cognitive Therapy Pharmacological Therapy

All of the above

A CNS depressant can: be used as a sleep aid. All of these are correct. cause severe physical dependence. relieve anxiety.

All of these are correct

In which way(s) can genetic factors directly or indirectly contribute to drug abuse vulnerability? Psychiatric disorders that are genetically determined may be relieved by taking drugs of abuse. Reward centers in the brain are genetically determined to be sensitive to addictive drugs. Rational thought processes in the brain are reduced in the prefrontal cortex. Psychiatric disorders that are genetically determined may be relieved by taking drugs of abuse, and rational thought processes in the brain are reduced in the prefrontal cortex. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following factors is a positive reinforcer that helps maintain drug use? Social interaction Peer camaraderie Social approval All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter? Dopamine Acetylcholine Androgen Serotonin

Androgen

This drug would be used in the treatment of alcoholism, causing the patient nausea and vomiting if alcohol is consumed, thus deterring it's use.

Antabuse

Select the incorrect statement. Antitussives should be used to treat productive coughs. Codeine is classified as an antitussive. Hard candy often can reduce minor coughing. Expectorants stimulate mucus production and decrease its viscosity.

Antitussives should be used to treat productive coughs.

Performance enhancement (blood doping) would most likely be associated with this group

Athletes

Route of administration by which drugs are held or applied in the in the cheek.

Buccal

This type of therapy helps recovering addicts identify their negative "automatic thoughts." They can then learn new, positive behaviors to replace their drug or alcohol use.

Cognitive therapy

Prescription amphetamines being used inappropriately was noted highest in this group

College Students

Which of the following is not likely to be a significant side effect of narcotics? Diarrhea Drowsiness Nausea Slow breathing

Diarrhea

Antitussive

Dry cough that is uncontrollable

What law identified the separation between prescription and nonprescription drugs

Durham-Humphrey Amendment

This group often abuse drugs by accident because of the sheer higher amounts of medications prescribed for health reasons

Elderly

Narcotics mimic which of the following neurotransmitters?

Endorphins

With the constant pressure of being in the spotlight combined with social media platforms demonstrating use- this group has high uses of cocaine, opiates, and alcohol

Entertainment industry

True or False: A generic drug is usually not as effective as its proprietary counterpart.

False

True or False: According to the additional readings for this week, generic medications do not appear as bioequivalent and therefore cannot produce similar clinical outcomes to brand-name medications.

False

Choose all of the following reasons women may not have a tolerance for alcohol the same as men. Fluctuating hormone levels allow the intoxicating effects of alcohol to set in faster when estrogen levels are high. Fluctuating hormone levels allow the intoxicating effects of alcohol to set in faster when estrogen levels are low. Women have more body fat than men do so there is less fluid to dilute any alcohol that a woman drinks Women have a lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase and as a result, a larger proportion of alcohol enters a woman's bloodstream.

Fluctuating hormone levels allow the intoxicating effects of alcohol to set in faster when estrogen levels are high. Women have more body fat than men do so there is less fluid to dilute any alcohol that a woman drinks Women have a lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase and as a result, a larger proportion of alcohol enters a woman's bloodstream.

The __________ allowed the manufacturer to determine whether a drug was to be labeled prescription or nonprescription

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Barbiturates likely cause their depressant effects by enhancing which transmitter? dopamine GABA acetylcholine endorphin

GABA

LSD, Ecstasy, and PCP would all fall under this category of drugs

Hallucinogens

According to the additional readings, while many consider marijuana a gateway drug, actually which is the correct order in which most individuals rank their order of substance use

I. Alcohol II. Tobacco III. Marijuana IV. Inhalants

Anabolic steroids have been classified in which of the following schedules of the Controlled Substances Act? II IV I III

III

This group is more likely to become addicted to narcotics due to the possibility of getting injured on the job, the access during busts, and due to the fact that physicians will often prescribe since they feel this group should be trusted

Law Enforcement

Choose all the following that would be considered risk factors for substance abuse of MIDDLE AGE individuals as identified in class... Loss of role Loss of positive body image Right of passage into adulthood Illness

Loss of role Loss of positive body image Illness

Expectorant

Lots of build up in chest and you need a productive cough

The range in dose between the amount of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect and a toxic effect

Margin of safety

THC is the primary psychoactive ingredient in

Marijuana

What is the main substance of discussion for "Why" more employers are not requiring a drug test?" as discussed in the article?

Marijuana

What are 4 identified reasons that those who need drug treatment identify as reasons for not obtaining it?

Not being able to afford it Do not have the time Might interfere with work They don't want people in their community to look at them differently

Analgesic

Pain and aching

Antacid

Pain in chest, especially after consuming spicy foods

Patients who use medications to help re-establish normal brain function and decrease cravings are undergoing this type of treatment for drug abuse.

Pharmacological Therapy

Antipyretic

Reduces fever

The easy accessibility with long hours, and it often being used as a reward lead alcohol abuse as one of the highest addictions for this group

Restaurant staff

What is the acronym used when applying first aid to someone who has sustained a drug overdose?

SAVE ME

Heroin is classified as a __________ drug and cannot be used clinically in the United States

Schedule I

Given that ADD/ADHD stimulant prescriptions such as Vyvanse, Adderall, and Ritalin fall within this scheduling of drug classifications, it requires patients to have a written prescription to receive.

Schedule II

__________ drugs have high abuse potential but are approved for medical purposes.

Schedule II

If you are using an SBIRT approach to drug treatment, what does the "S" in the acronym stand for with regard to this process.

Screening

Decongestant

Sinus pressure

__________ are known to view their drug use as necessary in order to have fun, and they often use drugs in order to escape, postpone personal problems, and relieve stress and anxieties

compulsive users

Used as a medicinal herb with possible antidepressant activity

St. John's Wort

__________ theories tend to view the structural organization of a society, peer group, or subculture as responsible for drug use.

Structural influence

Choose the following options that would be CORRECT ACTIONS to perform for someone with a stimulant overdose. Try to give water by mouth if unconscious. Restrain the patient if they are having a seizure. Sty with the patient and hydrate. For patients with an ongoing seizure, make sure their surrounding is safe.

Sty with the patient and hydrate For patients with an ongoing seizure, make sure their surrounding

Which of the following terms refers to drugs used to relieve anxiety? anxiolytic antipsychotic analgesic hypnotic

anxiolytic

Which of the following is not required by the FDA to be included on OTC drug labels? cautions and warnings approved uses classification of active ingredients (i.e., category I, II, or III) instructions for safe and effective use

classification of active ingredients (i.e., category I, II, or III)

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can include all of the following except: whole-body tremors. constipation. disorientation. anxiousness.

constipation

A condition that can occur during alcohol withdrawal, which includes hallucinations, mental confusion, fever, and a rapid heartbeat, is known as:

delirium tremens

The phase that is synonymous with addiction, where more of the drug is sought despite the presence of negative physical symptoms, is: withdrawal. dependency. relief. preoccupation.

dependency

Which of the following is not a major characteristic of substance dependence? Deviant behavior Tolerance Withdrawal Craving

deviant behavior

It is believed that most drugs with abuse potential enhance pleasure centers by causing the release of

dopamine

Which of the following best describes "antipyretics"? drugs that relieve pain drugs that relieve inflammation drugs that reduce fevers drugs that cause nausea

drugs that reduce fevers

As a rule, it takes __________ the number of hours as the number of drinks consumed to sober up completely.

equal

The consumable type of alcohol that is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages is:

ethanol

True or False: Comorbidity describes two or more disorders or illnesses occurring in different individuals.They can occur at the same time or one after the other.

false

True or False: The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination based on a disability, and prohibits drug screening and testing.

false

__________ drugs refer to types of drugs that lead to the use of other more addictive types of drugs.

gateway

When one repeats a behavior to the point of it becoming established or commonplace, __________ has occurred.

habituation

Usually primary, secondary, and tertiary drug prevention programs are used __________ because, in most settings, all three types of drug users comprise the targeted population

in combination

__________ is characterized by excessive use, constant preoccupation with the availability and supply of the drug, refusal to admit excessive use, and reliance on the drug.

initial drug use

What "model" of addiction best fits this case? Marcia, a housewife and Mom of 3 is a secretive alcohol and pain pill user. She lives in a small Midwest community where she represents the perfect "pastor wife" model. She knows that if discovered that she has turned to substance use she would be considered weak and fault of one's character. She has already witnessed another peer who this happened to in which spiritual direction was treatment.

moral model

Barbiturates are __________ valium-like benzodiazepines

more dangerous than

Which of the following is an opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdoses?

naloxone

Melatonin

not easily able to fall asleep

What "model" of addiction best fits this case? Mark is a 26 year old heroin addict. Aside from withdrawal symptoms, this man is in fairly good physical shape. He has no other adverse medical problems. He was diagnosed with depression and anxiety last year after losing a sibling in a car accident. He has developed some aggression toward his significant other and has turned to alcohol and heroin to fill the void.

personality predisposition

Factors such as strong child-to-parent bonds; open communication; consistent disciplining; consistent high levels of parental warmth, affection, and emotional support; and high levels of supervision are referred to as what type of factors?

protective factors

Substances that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perception are pharmacologically known as:

psychoactive drugs

Which of the following usually causes death resulting from a barbiturate overdose? respiratory or cardiovascular depression seizures heart attack or stroke hemorrhaging

respiratory or cardiovascular depression

Drug prevention at the __________ level refers to casual or occasional drug dependence

secondary prevention

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is connected to sleep, relaxation, and sedation

serotonin

__________ theory assumes that drug use, like any other behavior, is learned.

social learning

A(n) __________ is defined as a subgroup within a population whose members share similar values and patterns of related behaviors that differ from the larger population

subculture

Hospital outpatient programs and methadone clinics would be examples of __________ prevention

tertiary

With regard to women metabolizing alcohol differently than men, all of the following are significant factors except for: amount of body fat. their fewer amounts of metabolizing enzymes. body size. the presence of estrogen and age.

the presence of estrogen and age

True or False: According to the additional readings, participants who were raised in an unstable home environment tried their first substance on average a year earlier than people who had a stable childhood.

true

True or False: Different people carry different variations of the ADH and ALDH enzymes, the enzymes that break down alcohol.

true

The final stage in the stages of drug dependence discussed in class would be:

withdrawal