SURG 102 (FINAL)
If using Cidex (Glutaraldehyde) , instruments must be soaked a minimum of _______ for sterility to be achieved. A. 30 minutes B. 2 hours C. 10 hours D. 45 minutes
10 hours
In the Prevacuum flash sterilizer, unwrapped metal instruments without lumens may be flashed at A. 270-275 F for 7 minutes B. 250 F for 10 minutes C. 270-275 for 3 minutes D. 270-275 for 10 minutes
270-275 for 3 minutes
After removal from the steam sterilizer, wrapped instruments should be left untouched on the sterilization cart for ____________. A. 8 hours B. 30-60 minutes C. they can be moved immediatly D. 15 minutes
30-60 minutes
Exposure time in the PreVacuum for wrapped instruments at 270 F are A. none of the above B. 3 minutes, drying time 16 minutes C. 3 minutes with 16 minutes drying time D. 4 minutes, drying time 15-30
4 minutes, drying time 15-30
Terminal cleaning of the O.R. refers to cleaning A. only between cases B. none of the above C. after the patient has left the room and at the end of the day D. only first thing in the morning
After the patient has left the room and at the end of the day
Liquid waste can be disposed in which of the following manners? A. All are correct B. Pouring the liquid down a sanitary sewer C. Adding a solidifying powder to the liquid D. Using a medical liquid waste disposal
All
Which of the following are recommended characteristics for packaging materials? A. Adequate air removal and steam penetration for steam sterilization B. durable to prevent tearing, and puncture of normal handling and withstand the physical condions produced by the sterilzer C. flexible and membory free to prevent folding back along the folding creases D. all of the above
All
Which of the following statements is TRUE of thrush? a. all of the above b. infects mucous membranes of the mouth c. seen commonly in newborns infected by the mother d. caused by common yeast mycosis called Candida albicans
All
Which of the following would be considered noncritical items? A. Blood pressure cuffs B. gel pads for OR beds C. all are considered correct D. stethoscopes
All
_________________ is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate the heat, moisture, and pressure of steam sterilization. A. all of the above B. Peracetic acid C. Ethylene oxide D. Hydrogen Peroxide plasma
All
Select the statement that best represents what should be done with a suction container at the end of case. A. Suction containers can be emptied out in the scrub sink, rinsed with warm tap water and brought back into the room. B. Suction containers can be left in the room until they are completely full, however, use new tubing. C. Suction containers can be left in the room until they are completely full D. All suction containers should be properly sealed and disposed of according to the facility policy.
All suction containers should be properly sealed and disposed of according to the facility policy.
Which of the following is caused by Entameoeba histolytica? a. giardiasis b. amebic dysentery c. malaria d. trichomonas infection
Amebic dysentery
What do roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, and trichinellae have in common? a. are all common bacteria that afflict animals b. are all types of protozoa c. are all common parasites that afflict humans d. are all types of viruses
Are all common parasites that afflict humans
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning helminths? a. are unicellular animal parasites b. are the largest organisms responsible for human disease c. are transmitted through fecal contamination or by eating uncooked meat d. live off nutrients in the host's body
Are unicellular animal parasites
In which type of immunity is an individual administered a vaccine and then the body produces antibodies to the antigen that may or may not last a lifetime? a. artificially acquired active immunity b. artificially acquired natural immunity c. naturally acquired active immunity d. naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Select the correct statement regarding the biological nonpathogenic, spore forming bacteria. A. EtO is not required to have a biological indicatior. B. Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological for only the steam sterilizer C. Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological indicator for EtO and Sterrad D. Bacillus stearothermophilis is the indicator for Steam sterilization and the Sterad
Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological indicator for EtO and Sterrad
Which of these is the non-pathogenic biological indicator used in steam sterilization? A. Bacillus sterothermophilis B. Staphlycoccus albus C. Staphlycoccus sterathermaphilus D. Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus sterothermophilis
The efficacy of stam sterilization depends on lowering and limiting the _________ on the items to be sterilized. A. moisture B. bioburden C. heat D. penetration of the sterilant
Bioburden
The best method for cleaning OR floors at the end of the case is to use A. a one mop method B. both A and B are acceptable methods. C. a wet vac system D. a two mop method
Both A and B are acceptable methods.
Which specialized structure of bacteria increases the virulence of bacteria? a. bacillus b. capsules c. flagella d. spores
Capsules
Sterile instruments and supplies are loaded onto the ___________ before surgery and transported to the surgical suite. A. case cart B. personnel C. conveyor D. back table
Case cart
Which of the following statements is false concerning exotoxins? a. cause diptheria b. are the most potent toxins known c. produce most of the characteristic symptoms and lesions of the disease d. cause bacillary dysentery
Cause bacillary dysentery
The ultrasonic cleaner removes debris from instruments by a process called: A. cavitation B. agitation C. osculation D. none of the above
Cavitation
A _________________ is a paper strip or specially treated tape that changes color when exposed to a specific temperature. A. chemical indicator B. biological monitor C. instrument wrap D. litmus paper
Chemical indicator
There are three distinct phases in all types of steam sterilizers. __________ is when air is removed from the chamber and replaced with steam. A. Exposure B. Conditioning
Conditioning
All loaner instruments should be considered __________ and should be __________ before use. A. sterile; examined B. contaminated; sterilized C. sterile; not re-sterilized D. sterile; re-sterilized
Contaminated; sterilized
The purpose of wrapping an item before sterilization is to protect it from _____________ after the sterilization process. A. infection B. contamination C. damage D. light
Contamination
______________ items must be sterile. These items enter sterile tissue or the vascular system. A. Critical B. Noncritical C. Semicritical D. Low critical
Critical
Milking an instrument is part of which surgical supply preparation phase? A. storage B. decontamination or cleaning C. terminal D. assembly and packaging
Decontamination or cleaning
The first step toward reducing the potential hazards associated with contaminated instruments is: A. sterilization B. aeration C. assembly D. decontamination
Decontimination
Patient to patient, or patient to worker, are examples of which type of pathogen transmission? a. direct contact b. fomite contact c. vector contact d. indirect contact
Direct contact
The ______________sterilizer pulls air from the chamber with vacuum force and replaces it with steam. As air is pumped into the chamber, steam enters in pulsed phases. Air is completely removed with positive and negative pressure pulses. As the pressure increases, so does the temperature of the steam inside the sterilizer. A. dynamic air-removal (prevacuum) B. gravity displacement
Dynamic air-removal (prevacuum)
The peracetic acid sterilization system is a self-contained unit most commonly used to sterilize ___________________. A. endoscopes B. liquid medication C. stainelss steel instruments D. wrapped items
Endoscopes
Which type of toxin produced by bacteria are liberated only when the bacterial cell dies and disintegrates, are contained in bacterial cell walls, and cause typhoid fever? a. endotoxin b. amino toxin c. heterotrophic toxin d. exotoxin
Endotoxin
The shelf life of a packaged sterile item is considered: A. sterile for 30 days B. event related C. none of the above D. sterile forever
Event related
The advantages of steam sterilization include being preferred to other methods because it is the least____________, most efficient, and the safest method of processing heat and moisture stable items. A. toxic B. harmful C. expensive D. destructive
Expensive
Alcohol should be used for cleaning and disinfection of large blood spills. True False
False
Bacteria that stain red or pink are considered gram positive. True False
False
Endotoxins are excreted by an organism while it is alive. True False
False
Ethylene oxide is a method of sterilization used for equipment which can withstand the extreme pressure and temperature. a. True b. False
False
Polio, rabies, hepatitis, are all examples of bacterial diseases True False
False
The portal of entry for the bacteria Treponema Pallidum is typically through the dermis. True False
False
Which of the following are specialized structures of bacteria that are hair-like processes that cause the bacteria to move along in liquid by their wave-like rhythmic contractions. a. capsules b. spores c. pathogenic d. flagella
Flagella
Select the statement that indicates the best way to clean casters on OR furniture at the end of the case. A. roll them over the floor after it has been mopped and dried. B. Get down on your hands and knees and wipe each caster with a cloth soaked in a disinfectant solution. C. Flood the floor with a disinfectant detergent solution and roll the casters through the solution D. Take the equipment out of the OR and send it to the decontamination department.
Flood the floor with a disinfectant detergent solution and roll the casters through the solution
What type of immunity does not involve antibodies, is programmed into one's genetic make-up, and varies between individuals? a. passive b. active c. acquired d. genetic
Genetic
The ______________ sterilizer operates on the principle that air is heavier than steam. A. dynamic (pre-vac) B. gravity displacement
Gravity displacement
Two types of steam sterilizers may be used in the clinical setting: A. Gravity displacement and Sterrad B. Sterris and Washer Sterilizer C. Gravity displacement and Pre-vac D. Sterrad and Sterris
Gravity displacement and Pre-vac
Which of the following is a False statement concerning bacteria? a. reproduce by binary fission b. are simple organisms c. has a well defined nucleus d. may produce diseases in humans
Has a well defined nucleus
Although instruments should be dry when placed in the autoclave, anything with a lumen should A. have instrument milk in the lumen. B. have a small residual amount of water in the lumen C. be completely blown out with compressed air to make sure it is dry. D. have a small residual amount of sterile saline in the lumen
Have a small residual amount of water in the lumen
____________ bacteria require living or dead organic matter for food and are pathogenic. a. Aerobic b. Heterotrophic c. Autotrophic d. Microaerophilic
Heterotrophic
Which of the following is a true statement regarding Ethylene oxide (EO)? A. Highly dried bacterial spores are resistant to ethylene oxide gas, therefore they must be hydrated for the gas to be effective. B. EO is most commonly used for sterilizing commercial goods. C. EO is the least expensive of all sterilization methods. D. The aeration time after an EO cycle is 30-60 minutes.
Highly dried bacterial spores are resistant to ethylene oxide gas, therefore they must be hydrated for the gas to be effective.
Prior to opening sterile supplies for the first case of the day, all ___________ surfaces should be ____________dusted. A. vertical, damp B. vertical, damp C. horizontal, damp D. horizontal, dry
Horizontal, damp
The phrase flash sterilization has been replaced by _____________ sterilization, in which unwrapped surgical equipment is sterilized by a steam sterilization method just before use. A. quick B. right on time C. immediate-use D. just-in-time
Immediate use
Concurrent disinfection is the _____________ process following discharge of infectious material from the body of an _________________ person A. delayed, healthy B. immediate, infected
Immediate, infected
An invasion of the body by organisms and the reaction of the body to the presence of those organisms and to the toxins they produce is called__________ a. antibodies b. portal of entry c. droplet nuclei d. infection
Infection
70-90% isopropyl alcohol, and sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) are examples of which type of disinfectant? A. intermediate level B. high level C. low level D. central level
Intermediate level
Which of the following is NOT a growth requirement of bacteria? a. darkness b. food c. moisture d. light
Light
A _________ infection involves only one organ or site of a hosts body. a. mixed b. primary c. systemic d. localized
Localized
The type of white blood cells, including T and B cells, that assist in immunity are__________ a. serocyte b. monocyte c. lymphocytes d. macrophage
Lymphocytes
Squirrels and songbirds that live in the same tree are examples of which type of microbial relationship? a. symbiosis b. commensalism c. neutralism d. antibiosis
Neutralism
The Spaulding classification of reprocessing instruments and patient materials assigns three risk levels based on the specific region of the body where the device will be used. These levels are critical, semicritical, and ________. A. uncritical B. noncritical C. low-critical D. ultra-critical
Noncritical
The flash sterilizer, or 'immediate use sterilizer' is used to rapidly sterilize clean, decontaminated equipment for immediate use. This method is used only when no other method is available. Implants are ___________ sterilized except in an emergency and must be monitored with a biological control system. A. right-on-time B. not flash C. quick D. just-in-time
Not flash
Which of the following factors is true concerning the ability of a malarial organism to cause an infection when it has entered through the alimentary tract? a. Organisms are more virulent if they produce hemolysis b. Organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection c. Resistance determine whether or not an infection will take place d. All organisms cause infection
Organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection
The Steris sterilization system utilizes ______________ and an anticorrosive agent, as a sterilant to destroy microbes reacting with various cellular systems. A. ionizing radiation B. peracetic acid C. hydrogen peroxide gas plasma D. ethylene oxide
Peracetic acid
Viral pneumonia is an example of what type of virus that affects the respiratory tract? a. viscerotrophic b. immunotrophic c. neurotrophic d. pneumotropic
Pneumotropic
A specific pathway by which microorganisms enter the body that result in infection is known as___________ a. portal of entry b. portal of exit c. infection pathway d. contamination
Portal of entry
The ________________ sterilizer pulls air out of the chamber by a vacuum from the sterilizing chamber and replaces it with steam that immediately penetrates the wrapped items. A. gravity displacement B. pre-vacuum C. Sterrad D. ethylene oxide
Pre-vacuum
What is the stage of acute infection that involves a short period, usually a day or less, when symptoms are vague? a. convalescent b. acute c. incubation d. prodromal
Prodromal
Implants are foreign bodies and they increase the risk of surgical site infection. Therefore, implants should be __________ and not released until the rapid-action biological indicator provides a __________ result. A. sterilized; dynamic B. sterilized; positive C. quarantined; status quo D. quarantined; negative
Quarantined; negative
Disposable straps on stirrups should be _____________ A. left to dry completely if they have blood or prep solution on them. B. replaced only if they have prep solution on them C. replaced only if they have blood on them. D. replaced after each patient
Replaced after each patient
Which of the following is a true statement concerning bacteria? a. are multicellular b. anaerobic species require that oxygen be present in order to reproduce c. only about 200 species produce disease in human beings d. reproduce by binary fission
Reproduce by binary fission
Whether or not an infection will take place and the severity of the disease is determined by the___________ a. type of organisms b. resistance of the host c. chemical barriers d. local tissue reaction
Resistance of the host
Which of the following illnesses is caused by Rickettsia ricketsii? a. Epidemic typhus b. Rocky mountain spotted fever c. Endemic typhus d. Flea-borne typhus
Rocky mountain spotted fever
What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause? a. severe wound infections b. gas gangrene c. whooping cough d. tetanus
Severe wound infection
Which of the following diseases is NOT an example of a neurotrophic disease? a. Encephalitis b. Polio c. Rabies d. Shingles
Shingles
Which of the following are specialized structures of bacteria that are inactive, are not reproductive forms, and resist drying and most chemical disinfectants? a. spores b. pathogenic c. capsules d. flagella
Spores
What organism is responsible for a number of post-operative wound infections? a. escherichia coli b. streptococcus c. pseudomonas aeruginosa d. staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following processes destroys all microorganisms on inanimate objects including spore bearing ones? A. sterilization B. sanitation C. disinfection D. antisepsis
Sterilization
What type of bacteria ae characterized by chain formation? a. diplococci b. staphylococci c. streptococci d. diplobacill
Streptococci
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the advantages of gas/plasma (Sterrad) sterilization systems? A. No toxic residue is left on the sterilized items. B. The system is environmentally safe C. no aeration time is necessary D. The by-products are extremely toxic
The by-products are extremely toxic
Cleaning and decontamination of instruments should begin when: A. the instruments are selected for the procedure B. the instrument falls off the sterile field C. the instruments are taken to the sterile processing department D. the instrument is first used
The instrument is first used
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the inflammatory response? a. to maintain homeostasis b. to localize infection c. to destroy pathogens d. to heal and repair damaged tissue
To maintain homeostasis
Deeper tissues in the human body are considered sterile True False
True
Ethylene oxide is highly flammable. a. True b. False
True
Helper T-cells are capable of activating both T and B cells True False
True
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae infects the mucus membranes True False
True
The method of asexual reproduction in which the organism splits in two is called binary fission. True False
True
The presence of an antibody may indicate that a person has had a particular disease. True False
True
Transplanted tissue from one person to another would be considered an antigen. True False
True
When cleaning the OR bed after a procedure A. Unlock the bed, move it so that you can see the floor underneath, pay special attention to underneath the pads and to the cracks and crevices on the bed B. don"t unlock the bed, it should remain in the same place throughout the day C. only wipe the top of the pads because turn-over times are the main priority D. change the sheets, it is not necessary to wipe the bed since the sheets will protect it.
Unlock the bed, move it so that you can see the floor underneath, pay special attention to underneath the pads and to the cracks and crevices on the bed
Which of the following a dermotrophic virus? a. Varicella virus b. Rabies c. AIDS d. Coryza
Varicella virus
What are curved forms of bacteria called? a. spore b. streptobacilli c. vibrio d. diplococci
Vibrio
Which class of microorganism is subcellular and reproduces as a parasite within other organisms? a. fungus b. protozoan c. bacterium d. virus
Virus
Mumps is an example of what type of virus? a. immunotrophic b. neurotrophic c. viscerotrophic d. pneumotrophic
Viscerotrophic
The ________________ sterilizer uses agitated water and high temperature with a neutral detergent cleaning agent to dissolve and loosen blood debris. A. pre-vacuum B. washer-sterilizer C. ethylene oxide D. high-speed
Washer-sterilizer
What does Bordetella pertussis cause? a. tuberculosis b. pneumonia c. typhoid fever d. whooping cough
Whooping cough
What is the common name for helminths? a. yeast b. worms c. mold d. bugs
Worms
Which of the following would be a rod or cylinder shaped bacteria? a. diplobacillus b. staphlococcus c. streptococcus d. sprilla
diplobacillus
What is the laboratory technique used to identify bacteria which consists of staining bacteria with a violet stain and then counterstaining called? a. alph-chymar stain b. culture c. gram-positive staining d. gram stain
gram-stain
What is a relationship between two organisms that have close contact with each other called? a. antibiosis b. commensalism c. symbiosis d. actuary
symbiosis
