SURG 102 (FINAL)

If using Cidex (Glutaraldehyde) , instruments must be soaked a minimum of _______ for sterility to be achieved. A. 30 minutes B. 2 hours C. 10 hours D. 45 minutes

10 hours

In the Prevacuum flash sterilizer, unwrapped metal instruments without lumens may be flashed at A. 270-275 F for 7 minutes B. 250 F for 10 minutes C. 270-275 for 3 minutes D. 270-275 for 10 minutes

270-275 for 3 minutes

After removal from the steam sterilizer, wrapped instruments should be left untouched on the sterilization cart for ____________. A. 8 hours B. 30-60 minutes C. they can be moved immediatly D. 15 minutes

30-60 minutes

Exposure time in the PreVacuum for wrapped instruments at 270 F are A. none of the above B. 3 minutes, drying time 16 minutes C. 3 minutes with 16 minutes drying time D. 4 minutes, drying time 15-30

4 minutes, drying time 15-30

Terminal cleaning of the O.R. refers to cleaning A. only between cases B. none of the above C. after the patient has left the room and at the end of the day D. only first thing in the morning

After the patient has left the room and at the end of the day

Liquid waste can be disposed in which of the following manners? A. All are correct B. Pouring the liquid down a sanitary sewer C. Adding a solidifying powder to the liquid D. Using a medical liquid waste disposal

All

Which of the following are recommended characteristics for packaging materials? A. Adequate air removal and steam penetration for steam sterilization B. durable to prevent tearing, and puncture of normal handling and withstand the physical condions produced by the sterilzer C. flexible and membory free to prevent folding back along the folding creases D. all of the above

All

Which of the following statements is TRUE of thrush? a. all of the above b. infects mucous membranes of the mouth c. seen commonly in newborns infected by the mother d. caused by common yeast mycosis called Candida albicans

All

Which of the following would be considered noncritical items? A. Blood pressure cuffs B. gel pads for OR beds C. all are considered correct D. stethoscopes

All

_________________ is used to sterilize objects that cannot tolerate the heat, moisture, and pressure of steam sterilization. A. all of the above B. Peracetic acid C. Ethylene oxide D. Hydrogen Peroxide plasma

All

Select the statement that best represents what should be done with a suction container at the end of case. A. Suction containers can be emptied out in the scrub sink, rinsed with warm tap water and brought back into the room. B. Suction containers can be left in the room until they are completely full, however, use new tubing. C. Suction containers can be left in the room until they are completely full D. All suction containers should be properly sealed and disposed of according to the facility policy.

All suction containers should be properly sealed and disposed of according to the facility policy.

Which of the following is caused by Entameoeba histolytica? a. giardiasis b. amebic dysentery c. malaria d. trichomonas infection

Amebic dysentery

What do roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, and trichinellae have in common? a. are all common bacteria that afflict animals b. are all types of protozoa c. are all common parasites that afflict humans d. are all types of viruses

Are all common parasites that afflict humans

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning helminths? a. are unicellular animal parasites b. are the largest organisms responsible for human disease c. are transmitted through fecal contamination or by eating uncooked meat d. live off nutrients in the host's body

Are unicellular animal parasites

In which type of immunity is an individual administered a vaccine and then the body produces antibodies to the antigen that may or may not last a lifetime? a. artificially acquired active immunity b. artificially acquired natural immunity c. naturally acquired active immunity d. naturally acquired passive immunity

Artificially acquired active immunity

Select the correct statement regarding the biological nonpathogenic, spore forming bacteria. A. EtO is not required to have a biological indicatior. B. Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological for only the steam sterilizer C. Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological indicator for EtO and Sterrad D. Bacillus stearothermophilis is the indicator for Steam sterilization and the Sterad

Bacillus athrophaeus is the biological indicator for EtO and Sterrad

Which of these is the non-pathogenic biological indicator used in steam sterilization? A. Bacillus sterothermophilis B. Staphlycoccus albus C. Staphlycoccus sterathermaphilus D. Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus sterothermophilis

The efficacy of stam sterilization depends on lowering and limiting the _________ on the items to be sterilized. A. moisture B. bioburden C. heat D. penetration of the sterilant

Bioburden

The best method for cleaning OR floors at the end of the case is to use A. a one mop method B. both A and B are acceptable methods. C. a wet vac system D. a two mop method

Both A and B are acceptable methods.

Which specialized structure of bacteria increases the virulence of bacteria? a. bacillus b. capsules c. flagella d. spores

Capsules

Sterile instruments and supplies are loaded onto the ___________ before surgery and transported to the surgical suite. A. case cart B. personnel C. conveyor D. back table

Case cart

Which of the following statements is false concerning exotoxins? a. cause diptheria b. are the most potent toxins known c. produce most of the characteristic symptoms and lesions of the disease d. cause bacillary dysentery

Cause bacillary dysentery

The ultrasonic cleaner removes debris from instruments by a process called: A. cavitation B. agitation C. osculation D. none of the above

Cavitation

A _________________ is a paper strip or specially treated tape that changes color when exposed to a specific temperature. A. chemical indicator B. biological monitor C. instrument wrap D. litmus paper

Chemical indicator

There are three distinct phases in all types of steam sterilizers. __________ is when air is removed from the chamber and replaced with steam. A. Exposure B. Conditioning

Conditioning

All loaner instruments should be considered __________ and should be __________ before use. A. sterile; examined B. contaminated; sterilized C. sterile; not re-sterilized D. sterile; re-sterilized

Contaminated; sterilized

The purpose of wrapping an item before sterilization is to protect it from _____________ after the sterilization process. A. infection B. contamination C. damage D. light

Contamination

______________ items must be sterile. These items enter sterile tissue or the vascular system. A. Critical B. Noncritical C. Semicritical D. Low critical

Critical

Milking an instrument is part of which surgical supply preparation phase? A. storage B. decontamination or cleaning C. terminal D. assembly and packaging

Decontamination or cleaning

The first step toward reducing the potential hazards associated with contaminated instruments is: A. sterilization B. aeration C. assembly D. decontamination

Decontimination

Patient to patient, or patient to worker, are examples of which type of pathogen transmission? a. direct contact b. fomite contact c. vector contact d. indirect contact

Direct contact

The ______________sterilizer pulls air from the chamber with vacuum force and replaces it with steam. As air is pumped into the chamber, steam enters in pulsed phases. Air is completely removed with positive and negative pressure pulses. As the pressure increases, so does the temperature of the steam inside the sterilizer. A. dynamic air-removal (prevacuum) B. gravity displacement

Dynamic air-removal (prevacuum)

The peracetic acid sterilization system is a self-contained unit most commonly used to sterilize ___________________. A. endoscopes B. liquid medication C. stainelss steel instruments D. wrapped items

Endoscopes

Which type of toxin produced by bacteria are liberated only when the bacterial cell dies and disintegrates, are contained in bacterial cell walls, and cause typhoid fever? a. endotoxin b. amino toxin c. heterotrophic toxin d. exotoxin

Endotoxin

The shelf life of a packaged sterile item is considered: A. sterile for 30 days B. event related C. none of the above D. sterile forever

Event related

The advantages of steam sterilization include being preferred to other methods because it is the least____________, most efficient, and the safest method of processing heat and moisture stable items. A. toxic B. harmful C. expensive D. destructive

Expensive

Alcohol should be used for cleaning and disinfection of large blood spills. True False

False

Bacteria that stain red or pink are considered gram positive. True False

False

Endotoxins are excreted by an organism while it is alive. True False

False

Ethylene oxide is a method of sterilization used for equipment which can withstand the extreme pressure and temperature. a. True b. False

False

Polio, rabies, hepatitis, are all examples of bacterial diseases True False

False

The portal of entry for the bacteria Treponema Pallidum is typically through the dermis. True False

False

Which of the following are specialized structures of bacteria that are hair-like processes that cause the bacteria to move along in liquid by their wave-like rhythmic contractions. a. capsules b. spores c. pathogenic d. flagella

Flagella

Select the statement that indicates the best way to clean casters on OR furniture at the end of the case. A. roll them over the floor after it has been mopped and dried. B. Get down on your hands and knees and wipe each caster with a cloth soaked in a disinfectant solution. C. Flood the floor with a disinfectant detergent solution and roll the casters through the solution D. Take the equipment out of the OR and send it to the decontamination department.

Flood the floor with a disinfectant detergent solution and roll the casters through the solution

What type of immunity does not involve antibodies, is programmed into one's genetic make-up, and varies between individuals? a. passive b. active c. acquired d. genetic

Genetic

The ______________ sterilizer operates on the principle that air is heavier than steam. A. dynamic (pre-vac) B. gravity displacement

Gravity displacement

Two types of steam sterilizers may be used in the clinical setting: A. Gravity displacement and Sterrad B. Sterris and Washer Sterilizer C. Gravity displacement and Pre-vac D. Sterrad and Sterris

Gravity displacement and Pre-vac

Which of the following is a False statement concerning bacteria? a. reproduce by binary fission b. are simple organisms c. has a well defined nucleus d. may produce diseases in humans

Has a well defined nucleus

Although instruments should be dry when placed in the autoclave, anything with a lumen should A. have instrument milk in the lumen. B. have a small residual amount of water in the lumen C. be completely blown out with compressed air to make sure it is dry. D. have a small residual amount of sterile saline in the lumen

Have a small residual amount of water in the lumen

____________ bacteria require living or dead organic matter for food and are pathogenic. a. Aerobic b. Heterotrophic c. Autotrophic d. Microaerophilic

Heterotrophic

Which of the following is a true statement regarding Ethylene oxide (EO)? A. Highly dried bacterial spores are resistant to ethylene oxide gas, therefore they must be hydrated for the gas to be effective. B. EO is most commonly used for sterilizing commercial goods. C. EO is the least expensive of all sterilization methods. D. The aeration time after an EO cycle is 30-60 minutes.

Highly dried bacterial spores are resistant to ethylene oxide gas, therefore they must be hydrated for the gas to be effective.

Prior to opening sterile supplies for the first case of the day, all ___________ surfaces should be ____________dusted. A. vertical, damp B. vertical, damp C. horizontal, damp D. horizontal, dry

Horizontal, damp

The phrase flash sterilization has been replaced by _____________ sterilization, in which unwrapped surgical equipment is sterilized by a steam sterilization method just before use. A. quick B. right on time C. immediate-use D. just-in-time

Immediate use

Concurrent disinfection is the _____________ process following discharge of infectious material from the body of an _________________ person A. delayed, healthy B. immediate, infected

Immediate, infected

An invasion of the body by organisms and the reaction of the body to the presence of those organisms and to the toxins they produce is called__________ a. antibodies b. portal of entry c. droplet nuclei d. infection

Infection

70-90% isopropyl alcohol, and sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) are examples of which type of disinfectant? A. intermediate level B. high level C. low level D. central level

Intermediate level

Which of the following is NOT a growth requirement of bacteria? a. darkness b. food c. moisture d. light

Light

A _________ infection involves only one organ or site of a hosts body. a. mixed b. primary c. systemic d. localized

Localized

The type of white blood cells, including T and B cells, that assist in immunity are__________ a. serocyte b. monocyte c. lymphocytes d. macrophage

Lymphocytes

Squirrels and songbirds that live in the same tree are examples of which type of microbial relationship? a. symbiosis b. commensalism c. neutralism d. antibiosis

Neutralism

The Spaulding classification of reprocessing instruments and patient materials assigns three risk levels based on the specific region of the body where the device will be used. These levels are critical, semicritical, and ________. A. uncritical B. noncritical C. low-critical D. ultra-critical

Noncritical

The flash sterilizer, or 'immediate use sterilizer' is used to rapidly sterilize clean, decontaminated equipment for immediate use. This method is used only when no other method is available. Implants are ___________ sterilized except in an emergency and must be monitored with a biological control system. A. right-on-time B. not flash C. quick D. just-in-time

Not flash

Which of the following factors is true concerning the ability of a malarial organism to cause an infection when it has entered through the alimentary tract? a. Organisms are more virulent if they produce hemolysis b. Organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection c. Resistance determine whether or not an infection will take place d. All organisms cause infection

Organisms must enter in a specific pathway to cause infection

The Steris sterilization system utilizes ______________ and an anticorrosive agent, as a sterilant to destroy microbes reacting with various cellular systems. A. ionizing radiation B. peracetic acid C. hydrogen peroxide gas plasma D. ethylene oxide

Peracetic acid

Viral pneumonia is an example of what type of virus that affects the respiratory tract? a. viscerotrophic b. immunotrophic c. neurotrophic d. pneumotropic

Pneumotropic

A specific pathway by which microorganisms enter the body that result in infection is known as___________ a. portal of entry b. portal of exit c. infection pathway d. contamination

Portal of entry

The ________________ sterilizer pulls air out of the chamber by a vacuum from the sterilizing chamber and replaces it with steam that immediately penetrates the wrapped items. A. gravity displacement B. pre-vacuum C. Sterrad D. ethylene oxide

Pre-vacuum

What is the stage of acute infection that involves a short period, usually a day or less, when symptoms are vague? a. convalescent b. acute c. incubation d. prodromal

Prodromal

Implants are foreign bodies and they increase the risk of surgical site infection. Therefore, implants should be __________ and not released until the rapid-action biological indicator provides a __________ result. A. sterilized; dynamic B. sterilized; positive C. quarantined; status quo D. quarantined; negative

Quarantined; negative

Disposable straps on stirrups should be _____________ A. left to dry completely if they have blood or prep solution on them. B. replaced only if they have prep solution on them C. replaced only if they have blood on them. D. replaced after each patient

Replaced after each patient

Which of the following is a true statement concerning bacteria? a. are multicellular b. anaerobic species require that oxygen be present in order to reproduce c. only about 200 species produce disease in human beings d. reproduce by binary fission

Reproduce by binary fission

Whether or not an infection will take place and the severity of the disease is determined by the___________ a. type of organisms b. resistance of the host c. chemical barriers d. local tissue reaction

Resistance of the host

Which of the following illnesses is caused by Rickettsia ricketsii? a. Epidemic typhus b. Rocky mountain spotted fever c. Endemic typhus d. Flea-borne typhus

Rocky mountain spotted fever

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause? a. severe wound infections b. gas gangrene c. whooping cough d. tetanus

Severe wound infection

Which of the following diseases is NOT an example of a neurotrophic disease? a. Encephalitis b. Polio c. Rabies d. Shingles

Shingles

Which of the following are specialized structures of bacteria that are inactive, are not reproductive forms, and resist drying and most chemical disinfectants? a. spores b. pathogenic c. capsules d. flagella

Spores

What organism is responsible for a number of post-operative wound infections? a. escherichia coli b. streptococcus c. pseudomonas aeruginosa d. staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following processes destroys all microorganisms on inanimate objects including spore bearing ones? A. sterilization B. sanitation C. disinfection D. antisepsis

Sterilization

What type of bacteria ae characterized by chain formation? a. diplococci b. staphylococci c. streptococci d. diplobacill

Streptococci

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the advantages of gas/plasma (Sterrad) sterilization systems? A. No toxic residue is left on the sterilized items. B. The system is environmentally safe C. no aeration time is necessary D. The by-products are extremely toxic

The by-products are extremely toxic

Cleaning and decontamination of instruments should begin when: A. the instruments are selected for the procedure B. the instrument falls off the sterile field C. the instruments are taken to the sterile processing department D. the instrument is first used

The instrument is first used

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the inflammatory response? a. to maintain homeostasis b. to localize infection c. to destroy pathogens d. to heal and repair damaged tissue

To maintain homeostasis

Deeper tissues in the human body are considered sterile True False

True

Ethylene oxide is highly flammable. a. True b. False

True

Helper T-cells are capable of activating both T and B cells True False

True

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae infects the mucus membranes True False

True

The method of asexual reproduction in which the organism splits in two is called binary fission. True False

True

The presence of an antibody may indicate that a person has had a particular disease. True False

True

Transplanted tissue from one person to another would be considered an antigen. True False

True

When cleaning the OR bed after a procedure A. Unlock the bed, move it so that you can see the floor underneath, pay special attention to underneath the pads and to the cracks and crevices on the bed B. don"t unlock the bed, it should remain in the same place throughout the day C. only wipe the top of the pads because turn-over times are the main priority D. change the sheets, it is not necessary to wipe the bed since the sheets will protect it.

Unlock the bed, move it so that you can see the floor underneath, pay special attention to underneath the pads and to the cracks and crevices on the bed

Which of the following a dermotrophic virus? a. Varicella virus b. Rabies c. AIDS d. Coryza

Varicella virus

What are curved forms of bacteria called? a. spore b. streptobacilli c. vibrio d. diplococci

Vibrio

Which class of microorganism is subcellular and reproduces as a parasite within other organisms? a. fungus b. protozoan c. bacterium d. virus

Virus

Mumps is an example of what type of virus? a. immunotrophic b. neurotrophic c. viscerotrophic d. pneumotrophic

Viscerotrophic

The ________________ sterilizer uses agitated water and high temperature with a neutral detergent cleaning agent to dissolve and loosen blood debris. A. pre-vacuum B. washer-sterilizer C. ethylene oxide D. high-speed

Washer-sterilizer

What does Bordetella pertussis cause? a. tuberculosis b. pneumonia c. typhoid fever d. whooping cough

Whooping cough

What is the common name for helminths? a. yeast b. worms c. mold d. bugs

Worms

Which of the following would be a rod or cylinder shaped bacteria? a. diplobacillus b. staphlococcus c. streptococcus d. sprilla

diplobacillus

What is the laboratory technique used to identify bacteria which consists of staining bacteria with a violet stain and then counterstaining called? a. alph-chymar stain b. culture c. gram-positive staining d. gram stain

gram-stain

What is a relationship between two organisms that have close contact with each other called? a. antibiosis b. commensalism c. symbiosis d. actuary

symbiosis