Survey of the music business (Test 2)

Labels generally prefer that artists have weak personal managers, so that the label can better influence the direction of the artist's career.

F

Legal ethics requires that when negotiating on behalf of a band, each member of the group must have an attorney representing his or her interests as an individual.

F

Most albums recoup the expenses advanced to artists.

F

The record label staff that tries to interest radio stations in programming music and get songs on popularity charts also works to arrange promotional appearances, interviews, giveaways, and contests with radio stations.

F

A disadvantage of publicity-which solicits the press and others for coverage in media-is that it costs more to mount than promotions such as tie-ins with third parties.

False

A personal manager for an established touring act typically attends nearly every performance.

False

Because modern studio recording is entirely digital, artists and engineers no longer use any analog equipment.

False

Because of conflict-of-interest rules, it is illegal for an artist's attorney to manage the artist's publishing company.

False

Even a strong manager cannot expect to earn, over the long term, an income comparable to one of his or her successful clients.

False

For those who want to start their own independent record labels, the big expenses are in actual recording of albums, while promotion and marketing are not a big financial concern.

False

If a major label licenses a master from a DIY artist, no one will end up obligated to pay union scale to backup singers.

False

Independent record labels always spread their resources nationally and are not satisfied with simply getting regional hits.

False

It is the custom not to increase or decrease marketing expenditures for a recording release once a plan is set.

False

It is virtually impossible for a label to make a profit for itself on a recording that does not recoup the advances made to the artist.

False

Most producers never "pad" their recording budget to create some excess to apply to unexpected overages because padding would irk labels that dole out money.

False

Most recordings at major music labels turn a profit.

False

Music consumers fit neatly into segmented categories with little or no overlap.

False

Musicians who establish themselves as star performers generally don't have to join a union as their career progresses.

False

Radio is no longer important in the promotion of recordings, because it has been replaced by music TV and social media.

False

Recording studios are mostly booked on a project basis, which means the reservation is automatically open-ended until songs or an album is finished, and not on an hourly basis.

False

Songwriters, whether or not they are performers, are required to be members of AFM to have their songs performed in a venue that uses union musicians.

False

The "4As" is a group of performers' unions organized as a rival to the AFL-CIO.

False

The famous Billboard music charts don't consider streaming play by online services Spotify and Rhapsody when calculating the flagship Hot 100 songs.

False

The music business always spends more to market recordings in North America than in the rest of the world.

False

Though social media activity and fan pages are great for the ego, they are generally a waste of time for an artist trying to impress potential personal managers.

False

To save time and legal fees for beginning artists, most experts advise having one experienced attorney represent both parties in a negotiation.

False

Tracking or overdubbing is forbidden in recording sessions subject to AFTRA jurisdiction.

False

When a record bombs in the marketplace, artist royalty contracts typically require the artist to return the production money advanced by the label.

False

A "sunset clause" in an artist management contract provides a roadmap for an orderly winding up of the financial obligations between the artist and manager.

T

As the recorded music industry declined after 2000 due to the digital revolution, many performers no longer looked at major-label deals as a career necessity for the first time.

T

Unfortunately, the insights from music business research are available only to the big, deep pocket organizations, because there's no data from online about consumer activity readily available to emerging local artists.

T

An artist may work on a nonexclusive basis with an agency contracted to work with the artist in a limited or specific territory or kind of performance.

True

As a practical matter, successful booking agents serve the interests of two different parties, the artist and the talent buyer.

True

Besides indicating where it's beneficial to focus marketing resources, music business research conversely provides insight where marketing spending would be wasted.

True

Despite their fame and clout in negotiations, most big stars remain subject to the rules set forth in collective bargaining agreements negotiated by a union.

True

If a song becomes popular in one geographic area, the recording label might double marketing efforts there to try to cultivate a regional hit.

True

In an all-in deal between an artist and label, the producer's royalty comes out of the artist's royalty.

True

In an open shop, employees who are not members of a union are subject to the same wages and conditions as those employees whose union negotiated a collective bargaining agreement.

True

In recent years, it has become increasingly uncommon for an artist's recording deal to require the use of a label's in-house producer.

True

In the AFM, dues assessed members are related at least partially to a percentage of earnings on jobs subject to union jurisdiction.

True

It's common for an album to be made at more than one recording studio.

True

Nearly every category of music has its own popularity chart.

True

Negative tour support is the money the label has advanced to make up for deficits the artist incurs while on tour.

True

Recent years have been hard times for traditional recording studios because they are squeezed by both spending cutbacks at economically battered record labels and also increased competition from semi-pro/home recording equipment that delivers decent quality.

True

Self-contained groups recording for a major label are typically subject to union contracts that deal with issues not addressed in royalty artist contracts.

True

Some specialty labels, particularly in classical music, sidestep conventional distribution through stores to instead go direct to buyers and via online.

True

The listening public is fickle about contemporary music and music history is dotted with instances of abrupt swings in popularity of various music genres.

True

Typically an artist seeks a term of no more than 2 years for the initial term of a personal management contract.

True

When a song is created unexpectedly during a recording session, it is recommended that authorship and ownership be established immediately at the end of the session, and not weeks later.

True