Sustainable architecture Final Exam
energy benchmarking
Recording and comparing sustained energy consumption against previous time periods and national averages and often uses a metric such as Energy Use Intensity.
urban agriculture
The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.
Embodied Carbon
The total carbon emissions associated with a material or product throughout its life cycle.
environmental control through active systems
building services (HVAC, lighting, controls)
BOMA BEST
Building Owners and Managers Association of Canada a building environmental standard to assess energy and environmental performance for existing buildings
BREEAM
Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method environmental assessment method and rating system for buildings
Green Globes
Building rating protocol with roots in Canada making inroads in the US, designed to be an interactive, flexible, and affordable approach to environmental design is an interactive online tool with automated reporting that reduces time and cost of submissions
LEED Credit Categories
Integrative Process Location and Transportation Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation Regional Priority
microclimates
environmental conditions that vary over small distances
Passive design
A design strategy that uses natural climatic conditions to heat, cool, or light a building.
time-of-use rate
A pricing structure where the cost for electricity varies according to the time when it's consumed. Time-of-use rates can include on/off-peak rates, critical-peak pricing, dynamic pricing, and real-time pricing.
Non-renewable energy
A source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted
thermal control
Air temp, humidity, surface temp, air speed, etc provide thermal insulation for walls, roofs, floors, and basements
Kitchenism
Architecture of hope by Charles Jencks informality of arriving to someone's house or gathering, people tend to gather around the kitchen for discussions or meals architects wanted to bring this informality into the design of Maggie's center
sustainable architecture
Architecture with zero energy consumption (i.e. independent from the energy grid supply) and created using materials that are renewable and local.
zero energy building
Buildings that combine energy efficiency and renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through renewable resources over a specified time period.
Architecture thats Built to Heal
Butaro District Hospital Cholera Treatment Center in Haiti Maternal Waiting village in Malawai Center for Deaf Craft and Culture in Washington Middle Main initiative Memorial in Montgomery
examples of urban agriculture
Fenway Farms Avling Kitchen and Brewing Jardin de la Duche
adaptive reuse in Toronto
Evergreen Brickworks Toy Factory Lofts Summerhill CPR Station Queens Quay Terminal 401 Richmond Market Street / Distillery District
Design that Heals
Haiti Cholera Center Maternity waiting Center
HST
Harmonized Sales Tax 13% HST applies to subtotal amount
lighting
LED has become the standard for new construction delivering energy efficiency and reducing use of hazardous material usage LED reduces energy consumption
LEED certification
LEED, which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a certification system developed by the U.S. Green Building Council as a way of promoting and evaluating environmentally friendly construction projects.
Photobioreactors benefits
Limited contamination, complete environmental control, higher productivity
other green building rating systems
Living Building Challenge Passive House R-2000 Zero Carbon Building Standard International Living Future Institute Zero Tool
what is an example of salutogenic design
Maggie's Center Projoects
Building accessibility in Ontario
Ontario Accessibility for Ontarians with Disability ACT (AODA) all new redeveloped buildings open to public must follow accessibility standatds
How does biomass energy work?
Organic materials are burned to release their energy
Where does our water come from in Toronto
RC Harris Water Treatment Plant Lakewater from Lake Ontario Ashbirdges Sewage Treatment Plant
Biomimicry
The design of materials and products that are created by taking specific plant or animal characteristics to enhance the product
Biophilia
The human desire to affiliate with other life in its many forms
industrial system
Uses most of the periodic table Is linear - transforms materials into products and waste Lack of subsystems that use "waste" as a resource Open loop - Waste destructive of sources on which it depends Indicator of well-being - growth
Principles of New Urbanism
Walkability Connectivity Mixed-use & diversity Mixed housing Quality architecture & urban design Neighborhoods Increased density Green transportation Sustainability Quality of life
what is a circular economy
Where resources are used for as long as possible to regenerate products nothing is wasted products last longer
Lo-TEK
a design movement built on indigenous philosophy and vernacular infrastructure to generate sustainable technology
EnerGuide label
a label that gives details about how much energy an appliance uses in one year of normal use
Green Infrastructure
a soil- and vegetation-based approach to wet weather management that is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
designers must consider interactions between:
building enclosure inhabitants building services site external environment
seven concepts for healthier buildings
air water nourishment light fitness comfort mind
toronto green standard
air quality building energy, emissions and resilience water quality and efficiency ecology and biodiversity waste and circular economy
can aluminum be considered a closed loop?
aluminum slowly degrades in material over time of repurposing and recycling and can be closed loop in some instances
Paris Agreement
an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020.
Salutogenesis
an approach focusing on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease
relevance of green building rating systems
assessment of building sustainability comparative analysis benchmarking competitive sustainable design practices public knowledge / education
Julia Watson
austrialian born lecturer and landscape designer expert of Lo-TEK nature-based technologies for climate-resilience
environment control through passive strategies
building enclosure (comfort, daylighting, natural ventilation)
dominant man-made green house gas
carbon dioxide (factories, power stations, or burning fossil fuels in homes)
man-made climate change (global warming)
caused by the release of certain types of gasses into the atmosphere
natural materials example
chalk silk sand gold coal wood iron wool cotton oil silver rubber leather
municipality specific accessibility requirements
clear turning space clear for space for a front approach clear floor space accessible parking spaces parking signage car control buttons hall call buttons
Biocultural
combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem
passive and active systems
compliment each other for functionality and comfort in all buildings environmental control or moderation of indoor environment
design strategies to promote health
concept of health and salutogenic design hospitals and therapeutic landscapes nature as care architecture as therapy
sustainable siting
concerned with location, orientation, and arrangement/layout of the building on a site
active design
considers climate controls comfort with minimal fuels uses purchased energy includes mechanical systems appliances
photobioreactors
contain a nutrient fluid that is the habitat for microalgae sunlight and Co2 allow algae to grow and heat from the sun is retained in reactors, serving as a heat source for the operation of the building
renewable energy
energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
daylight
controlled use of natural light in and around buildings process in which direct daylight and diffused daylight are reflected, scattered, admitted/blocked for desired affect
key aspects of biomimicry
copying shape and form mimics the natural processes solutions have a lot of eifficiency
regulator
cost of administering wholesale electricity systems and maintaining reliability of the provincial grid
green building attributes reduce...
damage to natural or sensitive sites need for new infrastructure impacts on natural features and site ecology during construction potential environmental damage from emissions and outflows contributions to global environmental damage resource use - energy, water, materials
less bad
design that is directed to doing less harm
Salutogenic design
design that makes people healthier and happier
sustainable development
development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations
bio-replication
direct reproduction of biological structure to realize at least one specific functionality
green building attributes minimize...
discomfort of building occupants harmful substances and irritants with building interiors
habitat
distinct area and environmental conditions where organism or group of organisms live
building enclosures are important because
do all the heavy lifting when it comes to environmental control moderate effects of heat, air, moisture, and solar radiation
when in the lifespan of a building is it important to look at embodied carbon of materials
during the design phase architects look at embodied carbon of materials, breaking down what its made of, and further looking at manufacturers that could have lower carbon rates
what are the limits of recycling
each time you recycle, valuable materials are lost in the process
three principles of circular economy
eliminate waste and pollution circulate products and materials regenerate nature
types of carbon in buildings
embodied carbon operation carbon
operational carbon
emissions from a building's energy consumption
thermal energy demand intensity
encourage better building envelopes, improve occupant comfort and enhance resilience
total energy use intensity
encourage higher efficiency buildings and lower utility costs
greenhouse gas intensity
encourage low-carbon fuel choices and rebuild emissions
ten categories to assess for BOMA BEST
energy water air comfort health and wellness custodial purchasing waste site stakeholder engagement
BuiltGreen categories
energy and envelope materials and methods indoor air quality ventilation waste management water conservation building practices
vernacular design
evolves over time reflecting characteristics of local.... environment climate culture natural materials technology experience of centuries of community building
what makes vernacular architecture sustainable
exhibits the consideration of environmental, social, cultural and economic factors
what happens in urban areas
fewer native species disturbed habitats altered ecosystem functionality
urban ecology
field of study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities interaction between organism and urban system
natural systems
focus on structure and function of nature
daylighting design
form of a building and solar orientation how a building faces the street
contemporary indigenous architecture examples
gathering circle wiki aami
carbon-free and renewable
geothermal biomass and biowaste eligible hydroelective solar wind
types of urban agriculture and farming
green roofs green houses vertical farming strategies
Energy Star improvements and critera
hidden-better insulation high preformace windows tighter air sealing
indoor generation
home became places we don't want to live artificial light replaces daylight when air turns bad inside, make it better with chemicals
building integrated renewable energy systems
hydro solar wind tidal geothermal biomass
Bioinspiration
inspiration from nature to create innovative products
solar energy storage
installing a battery for solar power
if an existing building doesn't have accessible features, visitors with disabilities can explain whether staff...
knew what accessible features the premise had or didn't have invited them to receive service in an accessible place retrieved items when aisles or shelves were not accessible helped them navigate if signs or elevator buttons were not accessible served them remotely if entrances or hallways were not accessible
toronto ravine system
known as the Mothership (where everything is) home to environmentally significant areas a natural expressway that threads water, wildlife and people preserves historical spaces and artifacts green life lines that are critical for health connect people with nature in a safe way
June Kosimar
known in Toronto for contributions to sustainable architecture studies and practices urban agriculture projects co-wrote Carrot City book
consequences of urbanization
land disturbance increased temperatures production of carbon dioxide removal of native vegetation change water and nutrient cycles light pollution birds flying into buildings
sense of place: activity
land uses pedestrian flow noise vehicle flow
how do we design for daylight?
learn from experience measure using illuminance meters understand standards and guidelines scale models all white interiors skylights
sense of place: meaning
legibility cultural associations
climate change
long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns
benefits of solar energy storage
make the most of your power greater energy security reduce your homes carbon footprint no noise pollution reduced electricity bills
enclosures must...
manage precipitation, heat, air, and moisture for durability, efficiency and comfort provide views and access to light and air be more resilient in view of climate change provide secure shelter through extreme weather events
natural materials
materials found in nature
natural materials
materials found in nature any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals or the ground often used as building materials and in clothing
industrial materials
materials that are used to make products machinery and equipment produced for industry and consumers
carbon footprint
measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced
fields of application for biomimicry
medicine research industry economy architecture urban planning agriculture ecosystem management and development
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
example of zero waste packaging
membrane made of seaweed that is biodegradable and edible
other greenhouse gases
methane and nitrous oxide
passive systems role
moderate the environment for safety, health, and wellbeing of occupants with as little non-renwable energy as possible
BuiltGreen Canada
national certification program focused on residential buildings single-family homes and high density buildings as well as renovations are included
what is light
natural agent that stimulates and makes things visible
Three types of environment
natural, physical and built
biomimicry philosophy
nature always functions on a principles economy of optimal efficiency without waste part of a global strategy of responsible development
Maggie's Centers
non-clinical environment uses architecture as therapy committed to helping cancer sufferers while inspiring carers to care more all with architecture supporting it
what are ontarios primary energy sourcese
nuclear hydro natural gas
Urban Density
number of people living in a specified area of a city
man-made materials example
nylon synthetic rubber concrete paper glass steel plastic polyester
building system integration
structure (dead, live, wind, and seismic loads) interior (fixtures and finishes) services (HVAC, plumbing, lighting) enclosure (heat, air, moisture, solar radiation)
active systems role
supplement the passive systems to achieve level of environmental control and functionality through renewable energy or minimal input of non-renewable energy
Dr. Terri Peters
teaches healthy housing, building science, biophilic design, wellbeing design for health guest-edited Design for Health book
Passive Design Strategies
orientation for good solar exposure site design and landscaping internal layout window design appropriate shading daylighting plants within buildings
sense of place
physical setting meaning activity
urbanization
population shift from rural to urban areas gradual increase in proportion of people living n urban areas and the ways in which society adapts to these changes
upfront embodied carbon
proactive approach to sourcing, transporting, and handling building materials prior to and during construction process work with sustainable suppliers, vendors, and manufacturers
adaptive reuse
process of adapting old structures for purposes other than those initially intended while retaining their historic features
carbon-free
produces energy using a resource that generates no carbon emission
building renovations
projects where existing buildings are restored to create a better state or condition refers to structure, interior, systems, exterior, size
what are the importance of trees
provide shade and protection aesthetic desire provide habitats for animals and natural side of cities hold carbon
why urban farming
provides benefits to green a city improves biodiversity produces food closer to home builds community enhances local food economy by creating green jobs (food retail, distribution and processing)
ontario electricity rebate
provides eligible customers with a percentage reduction on the amount of their bill before HST
Standards for accessibility in public building
ramps, lifts, or elevators where there is a change in level automatic doors and wide doorways to common spaces lighting accessible washroom facilities barrierr-free paths of tarvel accessible seating and auditoriums visual fire alarms in auditoriums and hallways
role of green building rating system
rating systems are a type of building certification system that rates or rewards relative levels of performance with specific environmental goals and requirements
Thermal Bridging
reduces effective thermal resistance of walls, roofs and windows movement of heat across materials degrades thermal effectiveness of enclosures
nature
refers to what humans have not made or altered
building as a system
relates to modern systems theory and application of building science principles to building behavior and performance
enclosure design
responds to spatial organization and uses according to solar orientation within the context of climate and weather
What can we do to conserve water
retrofit faucets and showerheads with tap aerator use broom to clean driveway instead of a hose water garden in the morning to avoid excessive loss by evaporation turn off tap when not needed
how can we reduce embodied carbon looking from a building scale?
reuse buildings instead of constructing new ones specify low-carbon materials choose lower carbon alternatives choose carbon sequestering materials reuse materials maximize structural efficiency minimize waste
example of cultural landscape
rice terraces in Japan understands tradition and deep connection with the land
tiered rates
separates electricity consumption into two price tiers customers are charged one rate for electricity usage up to a certain amount of consumption per month and a higher rate for electricity used above that amount
green infrastructure examples
separating roadways and pedestrians using plants garden city movement permeable paving parks stormwater ponds green roofs
biomimetics
the application of methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology
ENERGY STAR for Homes
the basis of the requirements for energy efficiency in a LEED Homes and Multifamily Lowrise project.
missing middle
the gradual disappearance of the middle class as the nation becomes increasingly polarized into rich and poor
traditional vernacular design examples
the great mosque mud and stud home turf home castle combe igloo
why does it matter if building are health promoting?
the indoor generation indoor air pollution, artificial lighting, chemicals in the air to make it smell better indoor and outdoor environment of a building improve wellbeing of people
traditional indigenous architecture examples
the longhouse wigwam tipi pit house plank house igloo tupiq sweat lodge
contemporary vernacular design examples
the nest soori bali wadden sea center
cultural landscape
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape increased urbanization preserve spaces, but seek to acknowledge relationships between culture and the environment
what are the importance of birds, bees and bats
they are pollinators that affect 35% of the worlds crops provide essential service (pollination) green roofs provide habitat for bats
three primary metrics of new developments in toronto
total energy use intensity (EUI) thermal energy demand intensity (TEDI) greenhouse gas intensity (GHG)
sense of place: physical setting
townscape built form permeability microclimate landscape furniture
Taking the Cure
transforming houses to connect indoor outdoor spaces to help people in cure cottages feel better
five strategies to achieve a net zero building
upfront embodied carbon lighting heating and cooling renewable on-site energy generation technology
natural ecosystem
uses few elements cyclic - materials are able to circulate and transform continuously closed loop - no waste
how can biomimicry contribute to sustainable architecture
using nature as inspiration for aesthetics deeply study and apply construction principles found in natural environments and species emulation
BREEAM categories
water health and well being pollution transport materials waste land-use innovation management processes
Cultural approaches to water use
water is a valuable resource of life has an impact on communities: culturally, socially, ecologically and politically conserving water is imperative need
examples of natural materials
wood (mass timber) rammed earth adobe bamboo masonry straw bales recycled materials