Sustainable architecture Final Exam

energy benchmarking

Recording and comparing sustained energy consumption against previous time periods and national averages and often uses a metric such as Energy Use Intensity.

urban agriculture

The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city.

Embodied Carbon

The total carbon emissions associated with a material or product throughout its life cycle.

environmental control through active systems

building services (HVAC, lighting, controls)

BOMA BEST

Building Owners and Managers Association of Canada a building environmental standard to assess energy and environmental performance for existing buildings

BREEAM

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method environmental assessment method and rating system for buildings

Green Globes

Building rating protocol with roots in Canada making inroads in the US, designed to be an interactive, flexible, and affordable approach to environmental design is an interactive online tool with automated reporting that reduces time and cost of submissions

LEED Credit Categories

Integrative Process Location and Transportation Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation Regional Priority

microclimates

environmental conditions that vary over small distances

Passive design

A design strategy that uses natural climatic conditions to heat, cool, or light a building.

time-of-use rate

A pricing structure where the cost for electricity varies according to the time when it's consumed. Time-of-use rates can include on/off-peak rates, critical-peak pricing, dynamic pricing, and real-time pricing.

Non-renewable energy

A source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted

thermal control

Air temp, humidity, surface temp, air speed, etc provide thermal insulation for walls, roofs, floors, and basements

Kitchenism

Architecture of hope by Charles Jencks informality of arriving to someone's house or gathering, people tend to gather around the kitchen for discussions or meals architects wanted to bring this informality into the design of Maggie's center

sustainable architecture

Architecture with zero energy consumption (i.e. independent from the energy grid supply) and created using materials that are renewable and local.

zero energy building

Buildings that combine energy efficiency and renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through renewable resources over a specified time period.

Architecture thats Built to Heal

Butaro District Hospital Cholera Treatment Center in Haiti Maternal Waiting village in Malawai Center for Deaf Craft and Culture in Washington Middle Main initiative Memorial in Montgomery

examples of urban agriculture

Fenway Farms Avling Kitchen and Brewing Jardin de la Duche

adaptive reuse in Toronto

Evergreen Brickworks Toy Factory Lofts Summerhill CPR Station Queens Quay Terminal 401 Richmond Market Street / Distillery District

Design that Heals

Haiti Cholera Center Maternity waiting Center

HST

Harmonized Sales Tax 13% HST applies to subtotal amount

lighting

LED has become the standard for new construction delivering energy efficiency and reducing use of hazardous material usage LED reduces energy consumption

LEED certification

LEED, which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a certification system developed by the U.S. Green Building Council as a way of promoting and evaluating environmentally friendly construction projects.

Photobioreactors benefits

Limited contamination, complete environmental control, higher productivity

other green building rating systems

Living Building Challenge Passive House R-2000 Zero Carbon Building Standard International Living Future Institute Zero Tool

what is an example of salutogenic design

Maggie's Center Projoects

Building accessibility in Ontario

Ontario Accessibility for Ontarians with Disability ACT (AODA) all new redeveloped buildings open to public must follow accessibility standatds

How does biomass energy work?

Organic materials are burned to release their energy

Where does our water come from in Toronto

RC Harris Water Treatment Plant Lakewater from Lake Ontario Ashbirdges Sewage Treatment Plant

Biomimicry

The design of materials and products that are created by taking specific plant or animal characteristics to enhance the product

Biophilia

The human desire to affiliate with other life in its many forms

industrial system

Uses most of the periodic table Is linear - transforms materials into products and waste Lack of subsystems that use "waste" as a resource Open loop - Waste destructive of sources on which it depends Indicator of well-being - growth

Principles of New Urbanism

Walkability Connectivity Mixed-use & diversity Mixed housing Quality architecture & urban design Neighborhoods Increased density Green transportation Sustainability Quality of life

what is a circular economy

Where resources are used for as long as possible to regenerate products nothing is wasted products last longer

Lo-TEK

a design movement built on indigenous philosophy and vernacular infrastructure to generate sustainable technology

EnerGuide label

a label that gives details about how much energy an appliance uses in one year of normal use

Green Infrastructure

a soil- and vegetation-based approach to wet weather management that is cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.

designers must consider interactions between:

building enclosure inhabitants building services site external environment

seven concepts for healthier buildings

air water nourishment light fitness comfort mind

toronto green standard

air quality building energy, emissions and resilience water quality and efficiency ecology and biodiversity waste and circular economy

can aluminum be considered a closed loop?

aluminum slowly degrades in material over time of repurposing and recycling and can be closed loop in some instances

Paris Agreement

an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020.

Salutogenesis

an approach focusing on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease

relevance of green building rating systems

assessment of building sustainability comparative analysis benchmarking competitive sustainable design practices public knowledge / education

Julia Watson

austrialian born lecturer and landscape designer expert of Lo-TEK nature-based technologies for climate-resilience

environment control through passive strategies

building enclosure (comfort, daylighting, natural ventilation)

dominant man-made green house gas

carbon dioxide (factories, power stations, or burning fossil fuels in homes)

man-made climate change (global warming)

caused by the release of certain types of gasses into the atmosphere

natural materials example

chalk silk sand gold coal wood iron wool cotton oil silver rubber leather

municipality specific accessibility requirements

clear turning space clear for space for a front approach clear floor space accessible parking spaces parking signage car control buttons hall call buttons

Biocultural

combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem

passive and active systems

compliment each other for functionality and comfort in all buildings environmental control or moderation of indoor environment

design strategies to promote health

concept of health and salutogenic design hospitals and therapeutic landscapes nature as care architecture as therapy

sustainable siting

concerned with location, orientation, and arrangement/layout of the building on a site

active design

considers climate controls comfort with minimal fuels uses purchased energy includes mechanical systems appliances

photobioreactors

contain a nutrient fluid that is the habitat for microalgae sunlight and Co2 allow algae to grow and heat from the sun is retained in reactors, serving as a heat source for the operation of the building

renewable energy

energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.

daylight

controlled use of natural light in and around buildings process in which direct daylight and diffused daylight are reflected, scattered, admitted/blocked for desired affect

key aspects of biomimicry

copying shape and form mimics the natural processes solutions have a lot of eifficiency

regulator

cost of administering wholesale electricity systems and maintaining reliability of the provincial grid

green building attributes reduce...

damage to natural or sensitive sites need for new infrastructure impacts on natural features and site ecology during construction potential environmental damage from emissions and outflows contributions to global environmental damage resource use - energy, water, materials

less bad

design that is directed to doing less harm

Salutogenic design

design that makes people healthier and happier

sustainable development

development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

bio-replication

direct reproduction of biological structure to realize at least one specific functionality

green building attributes minimize...

discomfort of building occupants harmful substances and irritants with building interiors

habitat

distinct area and environmental conditions where organism or group of organisms live

building enclosures are important because

do all the heavy lifting when it comes to environmental control moderate effects of heat, air, moisture, and solar radiation

when in the lifespan of a building is it important to look at embodied carbon of materials

during the design phase architects look at embodied carbon of materials, breaking down what its made of, and further looking at manufacturers that could have lower carbon rates

what are the limits of recycling

each time you recycle, valuable materials are lost in the process

three principles of circular economy

eliminate waste and pollution circulate products and materials regenerate nature

types of carbon in buildings

embodied carbon operation carbon

operational carbon

emissions from a building's energy consumption

thermal energy demand intensity

encourage better building envelopes, improve occupant comfort and enhance resilience

total energy use intensity

encourage higher efficiency buildings and lower utility costs

greenhouse gas intensity

encourage low-carbon fuel choices and rebuild emissions

ten categories to assess for BOMA BEST

energy water air comfort health and wellness custodial purchasing waste site stakeholder engagement

BuiltGreen categories

energy and envelope materials and methods indoor air quality ventilation waste management water conservation building practices

vernacular design

evolves over time reflecting characteristics of local.... environment climate culture natural materials technology experience of centuries of community building

what makes vernacular architecture sustainable

exhibits the consideration of environmental, social, cultural and economic factors

what happens in urban areas

fewer native species disturbed habitats altered ecosystem functionality

urban ecology

field of study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities interaction between organism and urban system

natural systems

focus on structure and function of nature

daylighting design

form of a building and solar orientation how a building faces the street

contemporary indigenous architecture examples

gathering circle wiki aami

carbon-free and renewable

geothermal biomass and biowaste eligible hydroelective solar wind

types of urban agriculture and farming

green roofs green houses vertical farming strategies

Energy Star improvements and critera

hidden-better insulation high preformace windows tighter air sealing

indoor generation

home became places we don't want to live artificial light replaces daylight when air turns bad inside, make it better with chemicals

building integrated renewable energy systems

hydro solar wind tidal geothermal biomass

Bioinspiration

inspiration from nature to create innovative products

solar energy storage

installing a battery for solar power

if an existing building doesn't have accessible features, visitors with disabilities can explain whether staff...

knew what accessible features the premise had or didn't have invited them to receive service in an accessible place retrieved items when aisles or shelves were not accessible helped them navigate if signs or elevator buttons were not accessible served them remotely if entrances or hallways were not accessible

toronto ravine system

known as the Mothership (where everything is) home to environmentally significant areas a natural expressway that threads water, wildlife and people preserves historical spaces and artifacts green life lines that are critical for health connect people with nature in a safe way

June Kosimar

known in Toronto for contributions to sustainable architecture studies and practices urban agriculture projects co-wrote Carrot City book

consequences of urbanization

land disturbance increased temperatures production of carbon dioxide removal of native vegetation change water and nutrient cycles light pollution birds flying into buildings

sense of place: activity

land uses pedestrian flow noise vehicle flow

how do we design for daylight?

learn from experience measure using illuminance meters understand standards and guidelines scale models all white interiors skylights

sense of place: meaning

legibility cultural associations

climate change

long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns

benefits of solar energy storage

make the most of your power greater energy security reduce your homes carbon footprint no noise pollution reduced electricity bills

enclosures must...

manage precipitation, heat, air, and moisture for durability, efficiency and comfort provide views and access to light and air be more resilient in view of climate change provide secure shelter through extreme weather events

natural materials

materials found in nature

natural materials

materials found in nature any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals or the ground often used as building materials and in clothing

industrial materials

materials that are used to make products machinery and equipment produced for industry and consumers

carbon footprint

measure of the impact human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced

fields of application for biomimicry

medicine research industry economy architecture urban planning agriculture ecosystem management and development

sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

example of zero waste packaging

membrane made of seaweed that is biodegradable and edible

other greenhouse gases

methane and nitrous oxide

passive systems role

moderate the environment for safety, health, and wellbeing of occupants with as little non-renwable energy as possible

BuiltGreen Canada

national certification program focused on residential buildings single-family homes and high density buildings as well as renovations are included

what is light

natural agent that stimulates and makes things visible

Three types of environment

natural, physical and built

biomimicry philosophy

nature always functions on a principles economy of optimal efficiency without waste part of a global strategy of responsible development

Maggie's Centers

non-clinical environment uses architecture as therapy committed to helping cancer sufferers while inspiring carers to care more all with architecture supporting it

what are ontarios primary energy sourcese

nuclear hydro natural gas

Urban Density

number of people living in a specified area of a city

man-made materials example

nylon synthetic rubber concrete paper glass steel plastic polyester

building system integration

structure (dead, live, wind, and seismic loads) interior (fixtures and finishes) services (HVAC, plumbing, lighting) enclosure (heat, air, moisture, solar radiation)

active systems role

supplement the passive systems to achieve level of environmental control and functionality through renewable energy or minimal input of non-renewable energy

Dr. Terri Peters

teaches healthy housing, building science, biophilic design, wellbeing design for health guest-edited Design for Health book

Passive Design Strategies

orientation for good solar exposure site design and landscaping internal layout window design appropriate shading daylighting plants within buildings

sense of place

physical setting meaning activity

urbanization

population shift from rural to urban areas gradual increase in proportion of people living n urban areas and the ways in which society adapts to these changes

upfront embodied carbon

proactive approach to sourcing, transporting, and handling building materials prior to and during construction process work with sustainable suppliers, vendors, and manufacturers

adaptive reuse

process of adapting old structures for purposes other than those initially intended while retaining their historic features

carbon-free

produces energy using a resource that generates no carbon emission

building renovations

projects where existing buildings are restored to create a better state or condition refers to structure, interior, systems, exterior, size

what are the importance of trees

provide shade and protection aesthetic desire provide habitats for animals and natural side of cities hold carbon

why urban farming

provides benefits to green a city improves biodiversity produces food closer to home builds community enhances local food economy by creating green jobs (food retail, distribution and processing)

ontario electricity rebate

provides eligible customers with a percentage reduction on the amount of their bill before HST

Standards for accessibility in public building

ramps, lifts, or elevators where there is a change in level automatic doors and wide doorways to common spaces lighting accessible washroom facilities barrierr-free paths of tarvel accessible seating and auditoriums visual fire alarms in auditoriums and hallways

role of green building rating system

rating systems are a type of building certification system that rates or rewards relative levels of performance with specific environmental goals and requirements

Thermal Bridging

reduces effective thermal resistance of walls, roofs and windows movement of heat across materials degrades thermal effectiveness of enclosures

nature

refers to what humans have not made or altered

building as a system

relates to modern systems theory and application of building science principles to building behavior and performance

enclosure design

responds to spatial organization and uses according to solar orientation within the context of climate and weather

What can we do to conserve water

retrofit faucets and showerheads with tap aerator use broom to clean driveway instead of a hose water garden in the morning to avoid excessive loss by evaporation turn off tap when not needed

how can we reduce embodied carbon looking from a building scale?

reuse buildings instead of constructing new ones specify low-carbon materials choose lower carbon alternatives choose carbon sequestering materials reuse materials maximize structural efficiency minimize waste

example of cultural landscape

rice terraces in Japan understands tradition and deep connection with the land

tiered rates

separates electricity consumption into two price tiers customers are charged one rate for electricity usage up to a certain amount of consumption per month and a higher rate for electricity used above that amount

green infrastructure examples

separating roadways and pedestrians using plants garden city movement permeable paving parks stormwater ponds green roofs

biomimetics

the application of methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology

ENERGY STAR for Homes

the basis of the requirements for energy efficiency in a LEED Homes and Multifamily Lowrise project.

missing middle

the gradual disappearance of the middle class as the nation becomes increasingly polarized into rich and poor

traditional vernacular design examples

the great mosque mud and stud home turf home castle combe igloo

why does it matter if building are health promoting?

the indoor generation indoor air pollution, artificial lighting, chemicals in the air to make it smell better indoor and outdoor environment of a building improve wellbeing of people

traditional indigenous architecture examples

the longhouse wigwam tipi pit house plank house igloo tupiq sweat lodge

contemporary vernacular design examples

the nest soori bali wadden sea center

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape increased urbanization preserve spaces, but seek to acknowledge relationships between culture and the environment

what are the importance of birds, bees and bats

they are pollinators that affect 35% of the worlds crops provide essential service (pollination) green roofs provide habitat for bats

three primary metrics of new developments in toronto

total energy use intensity (EUI) thermal energy demand intensity (TEDI) greenhouse gas intensity (GHG)

sense of place: physical setting

townscape built form permeability microclimate landscape furniture

Taking the Cure

transforming houses to connect indoor outdoor spaces to help people in cure cottages feel better

five strategies to achieve a net zero building

upfront embodied carbon lighting heating and cooling renewable on-site energy generation technology

natural ecosystem

uses few elements cyclic - materials are able to circulate and transform continuously closed loop - no waste

how can biomimicry contribute to sustainable architecture

using nature as inspiration for aesthetics deeply study and apply construction principles found in natural environments and species emulation

BREEAM categories

water health and well being pollution transport materials waste land-use innovation management processes

Cultural approaches to water use

water is a valuable resource of life has an impact on communities: culturally, socially, ecologically and politically conserving water is imperative need

examples of natural materials

wood (mass timber) rammed earth adobe bamboo masonry straw bales recycled materials