Symbiotic Relationships

Mistletoe and oak tree have a symbiotic relationship. Explain it

Parasitism. Mistletoe sucks nutrients out of trees that it lives on. Oak trees have lots of nutrients (sugars) that it makes via photosynthesis

mutualism

-A relationship in which both species benefit (ex: birds eating bugs of rhinos)

types of symbiosis

-Mutualism -Commensalism -Parasitism

parasitism

-a relationship that involves one organism living with, on, or inside another organism and harming it. (ex: heartworm and a dog)

commensalism

-when one species benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed (ex: bird nest in a tree - bird gets a place to live, tree doesn't get benefits / harm)

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits nor is harmed.

Symbiosis

An ecological interaction between two organisms.

Mutualism

Anemone Hermit Crab and Anemones- The crab attaches several anemones to its shell using them as camouflage and as a deterrent to potential predators. The anemones have a "mobile home" and get more exposure to food than if they remained stationary.

Parasitism

Bed bugs will bite and feed off a human up to 500 times in one night. This causes small red bumps and itchinesss to the human.

Mutualism

Bees and Flowers- Bees fly around to various flowers and gather nectar, which they use to make food. When a bee lands on a flower, it gets some pollen on its body. Then, when the bee lands on the next flower, some of the pollen from the first flower rubs off, pollinating the plant.

Parasitism

Bird mites might happen upon a human when trying to find a new bird to feast on. Instead, it eats the blood of the human, causing the human to develop irritating, itchy bumps.

Commensalism

Bison and Cowbird- As bison walk through the grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by the cowbird.

Parasitism

Black wasp and Aphids- Black wasps plant eggs in aphids. The larvae eat the aphids from the inside.

Explain the mutualistic relationship that exists between a clown fish and a sea anemone.

Clown fish excretes nutritional waste and eats algae and needs a place to hide and be protected. The sea anemone has stinging tentacles, requires nutrients and protection from competition with algae. Clown fish eats algae and the sea anemone protects the clown fish

Barnacle needs a hard, flat, open surface to attach and live on. Scallop makes a hard flat shell to live on. What type of relationship is this?

Commensalism

Cows and cattle egret. Tell and Explain the relationship.

Commensalism. Cows graze in a herd in open fields and the egret eats insects that get stirred up by large herds of animals. Egret is benefited.

Parasitism

Cuckoo and Warbler- A cuckoo may lay its egg in a warbler's nest. The cuckoo's young will displace the warbler's young and the warbler will raise the cuckoo's young.

Explain commensalism in terms of deer and burdock

Deer and Burdock. Deer moves around a lot through forest and burdock have sticky bur that need to be carried around to make new burdock plants

Explain the parasitic relationship between a fish and a leech.

Fish live in water and have blood with nutrients in it. Leech also live in the water and suck blood from animals that live in the water.

Parasitism

Fleas and Cat- Fleas live on the cat's body and eat its blood. They cause irritation to the cat and may transmit disease to the cat.

Commensalism

Hermit Crabs and Snails- Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails.

Mutualism

Honey Guide Bird and Badger - Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to beehives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat.

Mutualism

Wrasse Fish and Black- Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass's body.

Parasitism

Lice and Humans- Lice attach to human hair and enjoy the warmth given off by the human. They eat timy amounts of human blood, causing the human to ave little red bumps that are quite ithcy. They may also transmit disease to the human.

Commensalism

Maribou Stork and Bees-- The stork uses its saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg-laying.

Parasitism

Mistletoe and Oak Tree- Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the oak tree, causing harm to the tree.

Parasitism

Mosquitoes find a human and feast upon their blood. This causes a small reaction on the human's skin, resulting in a red, itchy bump. In addition, mosquitoes can pass along disease to their human host.

Commensalism

Mosses can grow on the trunks or branches of trees. They get light they need as well as nutrients that run down along the trees. The mosses do not affect the trees.

Nile crocodile has leeches in its mouth and needs to get rid of them and the Egyptian Plover eats leeches and need to find a reliable source to eat them from. What type of relationship is that?

Mutualism

Shark and Cleaner fish. Explain the relationship.

Mutualism. Shark has food scraps and parasites in its mouth needs to get rid of parasites. Cleaner Fish eats food scrapes and parasites. Needs to find food scraps and parasites to eat. (they both win)

Mutualism

Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plants- The fungus invades the roots of some plants and gets nutrients from that plant. The fungus helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also secrete antibiotics, which can help protect the plant from parasitic fungi and bacteria.

Commensalism

Orchids and Trees - Orchids grow on the trunks or branches of the trees. They receive light they need and nutrients that run down along the trees. The orchids do not affect the trees.

Mutualism

Ostrich and Gazelle- Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because the visual abilities of the two species are different, they each can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily.

Mutualism

Otters float and sleep on forests fo kelp in the water. The kelp provides them a place to anchor in the moving water. The otters eat sea urchins, which normally feed on the kelp

Mutualism

Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on a rhinoceros. In addition, if they sense danger, the oxpecker will fly up and scream out as warning to the rhinoceros.

Pigs have lots of digested food in the intestine, tapeworm need to eat food that is already digested. What is this relationship?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Remora Fish and Shark-- Remoras attach themselves to a shark's body. They then travel with the shark and feed on the leftover food scraps form the shark's meal.

Commensalism

Some birds follow army ant raids on forest floors. When the army ant colony travels along the forest floor, it stirs up numerous flying insects. As the insects flee from the army ants, the birds following the ants catch the insect.

Mutualism

Spider crap and algae- Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor. Greenish-brown algae lives on the crab's back, helping the crabs blend in with their enviroment, which makes them less noticeable to predators. the algae provided with a good place to live while the crab receives camouflage.

Commensalism

The cattle egret follows cattle or horses and preys on the insects the animals stir up as they graze.

Commensalism

The clownfish lives within the tentacles of the sea anemone. This provides protection to the clownfish and the clownfish also feeds on the food scraps of the sea anemone.

lichen

The combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship

Parasitism

The downy mildew fungus invades a host plant and feeds off it. This often causes discoloration or stunted growth in the plant.

Mutualism

The honeypot ants get food by stroking the aphid for their sweet honeydew secretions. The ants provide protection for the aphid by aggressively fighting off predators such as ladybugs.

Commensalism

The pearl fish spends its day in the intestines of the sea cucumber and emerges at night to feed on small crustaceans. This does not appear to harm the sea cucumber.

Parasitism

The wasp lays its eggs inside the hornworm. As they hatch, they eat their way out, killing the hornworm in the process.

Parasitism

Ticks feed on deer blood, causing irritation to the deer and potentially giving it various diseases such as Lyme disease.

Commensalism

Whales and Barnacles- Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales.

Mutualism

Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds.

mutualism

algae and fungi (lichen). algae and fungi can live together , forming lichen. the algae produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis, providing nutrients to both the algae and the fungi. the fungi provide moisture for the algae.

symbiosis

any relationship in which two species live closely together

Mutualism

boxer crab and anemone The boxer crab carries a pair of small anemones in its claws. When a predator approaches, it waves the anemones around which presents its stinging tentacles and deters the predator. the anemones get small particles of food from the crab when it eats.

Commensalism

certain bacteria live within the digestive system of humans and feed on various things within the human. this is not detrimental to the human

Mutualism

relationship in which both organisms benefit

parasitism

tapeworm and dog, the tapeworm feeds off the dogs nutrients

Commensalism

the man-of-war fish lives amongst the Portuguese man of war jellyfish and are provided protection from their predators

host

the one being harmed in parasitism

parasite

the organism (the one doing the harm) that benefits in parasitsm

Parasitism

the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal )

Commensalism

the relationship between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it