Synovial Joint Movements

Adduction

The movement of a bone toward the midline.

Lateral flexion

Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist; occurs in the frontal plane and involves the intervertebral joints

Flexion

Results in a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Extension

Results in an increase in the angle between articulating bones.

Gliding

When flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another; no significant alteration of the angle between the bones; Occur at plantar joints

Lateral Rotation

the anterior surface of a bone of the limb is turned away from the midline

Medial Rotation

the anterior surface of a bone of the limb is turned toward the midline

Hyperextension

A continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position and is usually prevented by the arrangement of ligaments and the anatomical alignment of bones

Angular Movements

An increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Abduction

The movement of a bone away from the midline.

Circumduction

The movement of the distal end of a part of the body in a circle; a result of a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction. Condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints

Rotation

a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis; Pivot and ball-and-socket joints permit rotation.