Systems Analysis and Design Ch. 4-7

A measure of the number of links between one object and another object in a relationship is called the _______. a. linkups c. associations b. aggregations d. cardinality

cardinality

The number of associations that occur among specific things in an entity relationship diagram is called ____. a. a relationship c. a binary relationship b. an attribution d. cardinality

cardinality

If we modeled a "sale" and the "sale items" with a whole-part relationship, it would best be described as a _______ relationship. a. aggregate c. inherited b. composite d. abstract

composite

To document ____, draw a composite state with the lower portion divided into multiple compartments for each concurrent path of behavior. a. simple nested states c. concurrent behavior of different objects b. concurrent behavior of a single object d. simple paths

concurrent behavior of a single object

Many Service level agreements now provide _____ availability a. 100% c. 98% b. 99% d. varies by provider

100%

Which of the following relationships would NOT be an appropriate way to describe a relationship between an employee and his/her manager? a. Unary relationship b. Binary relationship c. Generalization/Specialization relationship d. Association relationship **double check

Association relationship

Which is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer connection. a. Connected computers must have the same operating system. b. Connected computers do not use a server. c. Connected computers require special software. d. Connected computers must have over 99% availability.

Connected computers do not use a server

The domain model is always used as an input to which design activity? a. Report layout design c. Database design b. Security and controls design d. User interface design

Database design

The key design question, "Have we specified in detail how the users will interact with the system to carry out all the use cases?" is associated with which design activity? a. Design user interfaces c. Design application software b. Design system interfaces d. Design use cases

Design user interfaces

Software (such as typical tax preparation software) which in essence interviews the user is following which user interface metaphor? a. Collaboration metaphor c. Interview metaphor b. Document metaphor d. Dialog metaphor

Dialog metaphor

Load balancing refers to what? a. Spreading the service requests across multiple hours in the day. b. Balancing the amount of work fairly between project team members. c. Configuring the network to provide multiple access paths to the servers. d. Distributing service requests across multiple application servers.

Distributing service requests across multiple application servers.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of a state machine diagram? a. List all the status conditions for an object. b. Identify state exiting transitions. c. Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities. d. Sequence the state-transition fragments.

Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities.

What does XML stand for? a. Extended Module Links c. Extensible Markup Language b. External Machine Language d. Extensible Modern Language

Extensible Markup Language

_____ is based on the idea that people classify things in terms of similarities and differences. a. Aggregation c. Multiplicity b. Composition d. Generalization/Specialization

Generalization/specialization

Managed services refers to what? a. Hosting company provides all the server equipment. b. Hosting service that provides backup and recovery services. c. Hosting company manages the cloud. d. Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software.

Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software

A concept that allows subclasses to share the characteristics of their superclasses is called ____. a. aggregation c. multiplicity b. composition d. inheritance

Inheritance

Which of the following is NOT true about a UML class. a. It is a classification of objects. c. It is similar to a data entity. b. It is a set of objects. d. It has multiplicity.

It has multiplicity

Which is NOT a characteristic of a VPN? a. It uses the Internet. b. Only certain computers can access it. c. It uses HTTPS for security d. It always uses encryption

It uses HTTPS for security

A state machine diagram is used to document the states and transitions of a(n) ________. a. Business process c. Message b. Use case d. Object

Object

Which if the following is NOT considered part of designing the application architecture and software? a. Multilayer design c. Detailed design b. Subsystem definition d. Program security design

Program security design

Users should not be required to keep track of information that they have previously entered. This is an example of what? a. Easy reversal of actions c. Good error handling b. Reduce short term memory load d. Dialogs that yields closure

Reduce short term memory load

In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what? a. A return message c. A lifeline b. An input message d. An event

Return message

Another way to think of a actor using a use case is as a(n) _______. a. external entity c. system b. person d. role

Role

Which design activity that pervades all other design activities? a. Environment design c. Security and controls design b. Database design d. Interface design

Security and controls design

When making a list of nouns to determine what are the important "things" for the new system, there are three question that should be asked about each noun. Which of the following is one of those questions? a. Is it a tangible item? b. Is it an abstract item? c. Who needs information about this item? d. Should it be researched further?

Should it be researched further?

Which of the following documents information about classes that are part of the problem domain of the user? a. Activity diagram c. Use case diagram b. State machine diagram d. System sequence diagram

State machine diagram

Which is correct?

SystemSequenceDiagram->Iteration Diagram

The first step in defining a solution in the development of a new software system is to define what? a. The application architecture c. The programming language b. The computing environment d. The details of the business problem

The computing environment

In a fully developed use case description the postcondition data describes what conditions? a. The status condition of the use case. c. The condition of the actor. b. The existence of domain model objects. d. The data that is output by the system.

The existence of domain model objects

____ is used to describe the relationship between two things of the same type, such as one person being married to another person. a. Binary association c. Cardinality b. Unary association d. N-ary association

Unary association

What is the difference between a browser based system and a desktop application system? a. Desktop system never uses a network and browser base always does. b. Browser system always uses the Internet and desktop does not. c. User interface is different between a desktop and browser based. d. Browser based is always three-layer and desktop is not.

User interface is different between a desktop and browser based

In a fully developed use case description the exception conditions represent what? a. What conditions might cause the system to crash. b. What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case. c. What conditions will confuse the actor. d. Where the system might have "bugs" and produce erroneous results.

What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case.

In a fully developed use case description normally the preconditions describe what? a. What objects must exist prior to the use case executes. b. What data the actor must have before the use case executes. c. Who the actors are that invoke the use case. d. What business conditions must occur before the use case is invoked.

What objects must exist prior to the use case executes.

The guard-condition on a transition indicates what? a. Whether the transition fires. c. Whether the object is in the correct state. b. Whether the action-expression executes. d. Whether the trigger message is received.

Whether the transition fires

On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition. a. ( ) c. { } b. [ ] d. *

[ ]

One technique to find the "things" that need to be included in the new system begins by starting with a user and the use cases and then try to identify the necessary informational "things." This technique is called the _______. a. domain analysis technique c. brainstorming technique b. check list technique d. noun technique

brainstorming technique

Which of the following is the best model to use to document the inputs and the outputs to a system? a. State chart diagram c. Activity diagram b. Fully developed use case description d. System sequence diagram

d. System sequence diagram

In the traditional approach to system development, the system stores information about ____. a. objects c. attributes b. data stores d. data entities

data entities

Which one of the six core process can be considered as a "bridge" process. a. Identify the problem and obtain approval. b. Discover and understand the details. c. Design system components. d. Build, test and integrate system components.

design system components

An approach where the visual display is organized into regions and includes an arrangement of common tool icons is called a ____. a. desktop metaphor c. document metaphor b. direct manipulation d. dialog metaphor

desktop metaphor

Low-level design that includes the design of the program modules and algorithm logic is referred to as ____ design. a. detail c. functional b. module d. component

detail

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of object-oriented modeling with several models is that _____. a. developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams. b. developing new models ensures a consistency in the requirements. c. developing new models helps correct previously drawn diagrams d. developing new models helps gain deeper understanding of user requirements.

developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams.

A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which interacting with the computer, is much like carrying on a conversation is called ____. a. desktop metaphor c. document metaphor b. direct manipulation d. dialog metaphor

dialog metaphor

A metaphor of human-computer interaction, in which interaction with the computer involves browsing and entering data on electronic documents, is referred to as a ____ metaphor. a. desktop c. document b. direct manipulation d. dialog

document

The ability to link a summary field to the supporting detail, and to dynamically view that detail on a screen, is called ____. a. exploding report c. dynamic reporting b. windowing a field d. drill down

drill down

Designers should be sure to include cancel buttons on all dialog boxes which allow the user to back up. This is an example of what? a. Easy reversal of actions b. Reduce short term memory load c. Good error handling d. Dialog that yields closure

easy reversal of action

A report that contains only information about nonstandard or out-of-bound conditions is a(n) ____ report. a. runtime c. exception b. error d. executive

exception

A report that is used primarily for strategic decision making is called a(n) ____ report. a. executive c. exception b. key item d. summary

executive

A good design heuristic for menu design is to limit the menu choices to _____ choices. a. four to nine c. three to seven b. never more than seven d. five to ten

five-ten

Electronic reports can provide a(n) ____ on the report to activate a lower-level report, which provides more detailed information. a. cursor link c. mouseover b. activation key d. hot spot hyperlink

hot spot hyperlink

The study of human interaction with machines in general is called ____. a. human factors engineering c. human-computer interaction b. user-centered design d. usability

human-computer interaction

One effective way to present large volumes of data is to summarize it and present it ____. a. in tabular form c. with control totals b. in graphical chart or diagram d. on a computer screen

in graphical chart or diagram

"When subsequent processing is delayed by more than a second or two, users may repeatedly press controls or reenter information, resulting in processing errors and user frustration" is an example of what? a. Lack of error handling c. Lack of closure b. Lack of feedback d. Lack of consistency

lack of feedback

As association class is frequently required for what kind of relationship? a. zero to one c. many to many b. one to many d. zero to many

many to many

A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is ____. a. relationship c. unary relationship b. multiplicity d. inheritance

multiplicity

One technique for finding "things" that need to be in the new system is done by the analyst starts making lists of "things." He may do this from information and even without talking to the users extensively. This technique is called the _______. a. domain analysis technique c. brainstorming technique b. check list technique d. noun technique

noun technique

In a state machine diagram, a state is represented by a(n) ____. a. oval c. square b. black dot d. arrow

oval

The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______. a. use cases c. functional requirements b. user specifications d. problem domain

problem domain

The primary objective of using automated input devices is to _______. a. produce error-free data c. increase throughput b. reduce costs d. eliminate human input

produce error free data

A unique set of internal activities within a use case which represents a unique path through the use case is called a(n) _______. a. workflow c. scenario b. sequence of activities d. critical path

scenario

The domain model class diagram is used to _______ . a. show the software classes in the problem domain layer of the system b. show the things involved in the user's work that are important c. show the data entities for the new system d. show the relationships among the data entities **double check

show the things involved in the user's work that are important

Numbering exception conditions, which often uses hierarchical numbering, in a fully developed use case description is helpful to _______. a. tie exception conditions to other diagrams or descriptions b. show which exception conditions are subordinate to other exceptions c. provide an identifier for each exception condition d. tie the exception condition to a processing step

tie the exception condition to a processing step

A message event causes what to happen? a. An activity to finish. c. A guard condition to be evaluated. b. A message to fire. d. A transition to fire.

transition to fire

Which of the following is NOT an element in a transition label? a. trigger c. guard condition b. transition name d. action expression

trigger

Which of the following is NOT a form of system interface? a. Turn-around document c. Function call b. File transfer d. Transaction interchange

turn around document

An external output that includes a portion that is returned to the system as an input is a(n) ____. a. output-input document c. return document b. turn-around document d. tear off and return document

turn-around doc

The association shown on the above image is a(n) ________ association. 0..* 0..* both on customer a. unary c. n-ary b. binary d. undefined

unary

The ____ are the primary models from which other models draw information. a. statechart diagram and the problem domain class diagram. b. system sequence diagram and the activity diagram c. use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram d. use case description and the use case diagram

use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram

In a sequence diagram the message-name is usually given in what format? a. verb-noun c. action-object b. noun-verb d. object-action

verb-noun

A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI) that states that all controls should be noticeable and provide an indication that the control is responding to the user's action, is called ____. a. informative feedback c. consistency b. affordance d. visibility

visibility

Which of the following is NOT considered a design model? a. Package diagram c. User interface screen layouts b. Sequence diagram d. Activity diagram

Activity diagram

A relationship between a "sports team" and the players, coaches, and sponsor would be described as what kind of relationship? a. Aggregation c. Generalization/Specialization b. Composition d. Binary

Aggregation

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of user-centered design? a. Focus early on the users and their work. b. Evaluate design to ensure usability. c. Business requirements drive development. d. Use iterative development.

Business requirements drive development

The crows feet notation on an ERD is a type of _______ constraint. a. cardinality c. many-to-many b. multiplicity d. relationship

Cardinality

In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a(n) ______ class. a. composite c. concrete b. association d. abstract

abstract

In UML terminology in a sequence diagram, a message refers to a(n) _______. a. input data c. event b. communication between actors d. action

action

Reports that are not predefined by a programmer, but are designed as needed, are called ____ reports. a. one-time c. business b. quick and dirty d. ad hoc

ad hoc

A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI), that states that the appearance of any control should suggest its functionality, is called ____. a. informative feedback c. consistency b. affordance d. visibility

affordance

In UML the constraint denoted by "0..*" indicates what? a. an optional relationship c. only a many maximum relationship b. a mandatory relationship d. never only one allowed

an optional relationship

A piece of information about a particular object is called a(n) _______. a. identifier c. field b. attribute d. data value

attribute