TBI Final Exam
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are associated with neuroplasticity and spontaneous recovery. Which of the following time period is associated with the MOST RAPID PERIOD OF RECOVERY?
6 months
Rancho Scale is a commonly used assessment used with clients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). What areas do the first 3 levels correspond with?
1: coma and vegetative state 2: generalized responses 3: localized responses
A prior episode of TBI increases the risk of sustaining a second TBI by _______ times.
3 times
Which of the following scores is representative of minimal consciousness on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
9-14
What are 3 true statements with regard to minimally conscious state?
A person can respond in a nonreflexive manner to an external stimulus., A person may show response to simple commands., A person may show inconsistent patterns of self-awareness.
Attention Process Training (APT) is a structured treatment program for clients with TBIs. What are 3 true statements about APT?
APT program includes different components of attention. APT program is a structured attention program beginning with easy and going to more difficult levels. APT program is used as a series of repetitive drills.
Attention Process Training (APT) is a structured treatment program for clients with TBIs. What are 3 true statements with regard to APT?
APT program is a structured attention program beginning with easy and going to more difficult levels., APT program includes different components of attention. APT program is used as a series of repetitive drills.
People with TBIs may experience deficits in orientation. What are 3 areas associated with orientation skills?
Ability to recall weekday Ability to recall current year Ability to recall current zipcode
Mild TBI may be associated with several symptoms. Which of the following is an example of a cognitive symptom?
Anomia
What are 3 typical assessment tools to assess attention in people with TBIs?
Attention Questionnaire Brock Adaptive Functioning Questionnaire Dysexecutive Questionnaire
What are 3 a typical assessment to assess attention skills in people with TBIs?
Backward Digit Span Brief Test of Attention Forward Digit Span
How are mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and PTSD similar?
Both can include anxiety and cognitive problems.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE about open head injuries?
Brain regions are exposed in open head injuries.
Hypoxia is ______________.
Caused by interruption to blood supply to the brain.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE about closed head injuries (CHIs)?
Cranium is typically intact in CHIs.
Which of the following is an example of acceleration-deceleration injury?
Crash of a speeding vehicle
Rancho Scale is a commonly used assessment used with clients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). What are 3 true statements?
It includes eight possible levels of recovery, It provides information about a person's orientation, self-awarenes, and need for supervision., It can be used to assess people in coma, minimally vegetative, and minimally conscious states.
Mild TBI may be associated with several symptoms. Which of the following is an example of a behavioral symptom?
Disinhibition
People with TBI may experience different stages of recovery specific to dysarthria. Which of the following IS MOST LIKLEY to seen in Stage 4?
Focus on improving intonation, breath-pause pattern, and stress pattern of client's speech.
What are 3 examples of acquired brain injury?
Gunshot wounds Exposure to toxins Brain tumor
Hematomas refer to blood clots found outside the circulatory system. Which of the hematomas are most common in severe TBIs and are also the most difficult to treat?
Intracranial
Which of the following statement IS TRUE about second impact syndrome?
It can cause brain swelling and increased intracranial pressure.
Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (AIDS) is a standardized speech intelligibility test administered to clients with TBI with co-existing dysarthrias. What are 3 true statements about the AIDS?
It includes both a traditional and computerized version. It provides information about a person's speech intellibility and speech rate. It includes both word and sentence-length stimuli.
What are 3 true statements about a complex concussion?
It is associated with loss of consciousness for longer than 1 minute. Some neurological symptoms can develop as follow-up effects. Symptoms can last for more than 10 days.
Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (AIDS) is a standardized speech intelligibility test administered to clients with TBI with co-existing dysarthrias. What are 3 true statements about AIDS
It provides information about a person's speech intellibility and speech rate. It includes both a traditional and computerized version. It includes both word and sentence-length stimuli.
Speech Intelligibility Test is a test often used to measure speech intelligibility. 3 true statements
It provides information about listener effort, fatigue during listening, and acceptance of the speaker by the listener as a communication partner. It is a 7-point scale where listeners rate the effort to listen to a sample. It does not provide a speech intelligibility score for the speaker.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE about a simple concussion?
It resolves on its own after 7-10 day period.
What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid ?
It serves as a buffer between the spinal cord and brain.
Based on the features discussed in Table 3.2, which of the following suggests a Grade 2 Concussion ?
Loss of consciousness and presence of confusion for more than 15 minutes
Based on classification by Ruff and Jurica, Type II injuries typically include
Loss of consciousness for less than 5 minutes
What are 3 typical assessments to assess orientation skills in people with TBIs?
Montreal Cognitive Assessment Agitated Behavior Scale Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
Which are 3 typical assessments to assess orientation skills in people with TBIs?
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Agitated Behavioral Scale, Galveston Orientation & Amnesia Test
What are 3 TYPICAL CHOICEs for assessing dysarthria in clients with TBIs?
Oral mechanism examination Reading tasks Diadochokinetic tasks
Based on classification by Ruff and Jurica, Type I injuries typically include
PTA of 1-60 seconds
Which of the following STATEMENTS IS TRUE about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
PTSD includes avoidance and hyperarousal.
The human cranium consists of several bones. Which of the bones is/are located at the center of the top of the head?
Parietal (right and left)
What are 3 criteria's to confirm presence of a moderate or severe TBI?
Penetrating injury of craniocerebral areas Loss of consciousness for more than 30 minutes Posttraumatic amnesia of more than 24 hours
Paralinguistic communication changes may be seen in people with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). What are 3 true statements with regard to people with TBIs?
People with TBI may have difficulties distinguishing between angry and sad visual, People with TBI may have difficulties in recognizing sad or fearful vocal stimuli., People with TBI may have difficulties in identifying sad, angry, and fearful visual stimuli.
Skull fractures are often associated with traumatic brain injuries. Which of the following statement IS NOT TRUE about skull fractures?
People with mild TBIs are more likely to sustain skull fractures compared to severe TBIs.
Based on the features discussed in Table 3.2, which of the following suggests a Grade 1 Concussion?
Presence of confusion for less than 15 minutes with no loss of consciousness
What are 3 high risk factors for sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBIs)?
Prior TBIs Substance abuse Preexisting medical conditions
Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning is a commonly used assessment tool to determine cognitive functioning of people with TBIs. Which level is typically associated with localized responses to stimuli including eye blinking and turn towards a sound?
Rancho level 3
Activity limitation specific to dysarthria refers to _________________________________________.
Reduced speech intelligibility during a reading task
Jonathan, a college sophomore, had a bike accident and sustained a TBI 2 weeks ago. He was in the acute care hospital for 2 days and then transferred to a long-term nursing home for therapy. Based on the different phases of motor speech assessment, he is most likely in the
Rehabilitation phase
TBI is associated with several different types of cognitive-communication deficits. What are 3 likely deficits seen in clients with TBIs?
Relatively intact long term memory Different severity of attention deficits Relatively intact ability to control emotions
Memory may be assessed with different types of tools. Which of the following memory test is based on real-life events and appropriate to assess moderate to severe clients with TBI?
Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test
Glasgow Coma Scale is a commonly used assessment with clients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). What are 3 true statements about the Glasgow Coma Scale?
Scores of 3-8 indicate coma or vegetative states., Higher scores indicate relatively better levels of functioning., It includes responses related to eye opening, verbal and motor responses.
Traumatic brain injuries may have both primary and secondary mechanisms. What are 3 true statements about secondary mechanisms?
Secondary mechanisms may include several changes including increased intracranial pressure, swelling, and infection. Secondary mechanisms may last from few minutes to several weeks. Secondary mechanisms occur after the primary mechanisms
What are 3 likely speech deficits to be observed as a dysarthric speech characteristic among clients with TBIs?
Slow alternating motion rates Reduced speech intelligibility Either slow or fast rate of speech
Which of the following assessment is a 7-point scale typically used to measure speech intelligibility of dysarthric speakers?
Speech Intelligibility Test
Which of the following speech assessments and variables DO NOT match?
Speech Intelligibility Test- Listener effort and speaker acceptance Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech- Speech intelligibility Speech Intelligibility Test- Speaker fatigue=false Communication Effectiveness- Effectiveness of a speaker
What are 3 bones in the skull?
Sphenoid Frontal Ethmoid
Which type of hematoma is typically found in-between the arachnoid mater and dura mater?
Subdural
What are 3 appropriate recommendations while targeting memory deficits among clients with TBIs?
Use a slow and controlled rate of speech during session. Use overlearning and extra rehearsal whenever possible. Use direct and short directions for tasks.
People with TBI may experience different stages of recovery specific to dysarthria. Which of the following IS MOST LIKLEY to seen in Stage 1?
Use of AAC devices as client has no meaningful speech at this time.
People with TBI may experience different stages of recovery specific to dysarthria. Which of the following IS MOST LIKLEY to seen in Stage 2?
Use of AAC devices to supplement client's understandable speech.
Memory can be targeted through different means among people with TBIs. What are 3 typical encoding strategy's used in memory-based treatment programs?
Use of memory cues Use of persistence Effective use of perceptual skills
What are 3 features of extralinguistic skills ?
affect, eye gaze, gestures
Focal damage to perisylvian region of the left hemisphere may lead to TBI and a co-existing
aphasia
A specific gene that is sometimes associated with increased likelihood of Alzheimer's diease is _________.
apoE
A diffuse traumatic injury is caused by ______________.
both translational and rotational forces
Depressed skull fractures are classified as a special case of _______________________ injuries.
closed head
People with TBI may experience changes in language at the level of prosody and consists of macrolinguistic and microlinguistic skills. What are 3 typical changes associated with MACROLINGUISTIC PROCESSING?
coherence of the topic, topic selection, grammatical skills
Which deficit is MOST likely to be seen in moderate to severe stages of TBIs?
deficits in delayed recall, cued recall, and recognition memory
Which of the following layers of brain is located on the outside and is tightly attached to the interior surface of the cranium?
dura mater
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) may be associated with different types of dysarthrias. Which of the following IS LEAST LIKELY to be associated with TBIs?
hyperkinetic!!!!
A post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) of 15 minutes is suggestive of __________ TBI.
mild
The number of total cases of TBI during any point in time would be referred to as its __________ rate.
prevalence
The prognosis of an individual with TBI may primarily depend on
location of brain damage and length of unconsciousness
The symptom of excessive and repetitive speech production or talking is called _____________.
logorrhoea
Glasgow Coma Scale is a common assessment to measure the initial severity of TBIs. What are 3 domains in assesses?
motor, verbal, and eye opening responses
A poor recall after the initial word presentation on the California Verbal Learning Test is indicative of
possible attention deficits
Sensory stimulation program is a multimodality program used to prevent sensory deprivation, facilitate recovery for arousal and responsiveness, and prevent sensory load among individuals with TBIs. Which are 3 stimuli you would use for visual sensory stimulation?
printed words, family pictures, mirrors
Sensory stimulation program is a multimodality program used to prevent sensory deprivation, facilitate recovery for arousal and responsiveness, and prevent sensory load among individuals with TBIs. What are 3 stimuli you would use for auditory stimulation?
recordings of envrio sounds, spoken commands, voices of fam members
A post-traumatic amnesia of 5 days is suggestive of _________ TBI.
severe
The procedure used to withdraw excess cerebrospinal fluid to help relieve the intracranial pressure is called __________.
spinal tap
Cerebrospinal fluid is typically produced in _____________________.
subarachnoid space
Contrecoup injuries occur when _________________________________.
the opposite points to the original sites of impact is affected
Palatal lifts may be considered as a prosthetic management to specifically reduce ___________________ deficits among people with TBI and co-existing dysarthria.
velopharyngeal
