Technique Final- All Tests
A radiograph that is more black-and-white in appearance, like a hand X-ray, can be described as having ________ contrast. Low Long scale Short scale
Short scale
Which examination listed below would benefit most from the use of compensating filtration? Knee Abdomen T-spine Hand
T-spine
Radiographic contrast can be described as: The number of photons received by the IR The overall degree of blackening on the radiograph The amount of difference between adjacent IR exposures The exposure indicator for CR and DR
The amount of difference between adjacent IR exposures
A technologist performs a knee x-ray using 60 kVp and 5 mAs on the tabletop. What mAs should be used if the image was taken in the table Bucky, which contains a 6:1 ratio grid? 15 mAs 2 mAs 10 mAs 5 mAs
15 mAs
Generally, kVp should be adjusted in increments of: 5% 50% 15% 30%
15%
A technologist performs an abdomen x-ray using 80 kVp and 20 mAs on a large patient using a 5:1 ratio grid. In order to improve contrast, the technologist repeats the image using a 12:1 ratio grid. What mAs should be used in this instance? 40 mAs 4 mAs 50 mAs 20 mAs
50 mAs
A technologist changes their SID from 40-inches to 60-inches. Assuming that all other technical factors are equal, this will cause a corresponding ___________ in IR exposure. Decrease No change Increase
Decrease
Changing the amount of filtration from 2.5 mm Al eq to 3.0 mm Al eq will _________ contrast Decrease Increase No change
Decrease
Decreasing the amount of OID will cause a corresponding ________ in object magnification. Increase Decrease
Decrease
Increasing OID will cause a corresponding ________ in IR exposure. Increase No change Decrease
Decrease
Increasing SID will produce a corresponding _________ in quantity/IR exposure. SID and quantity/IR exposure are unrelated Decrease Increase
Decrease
Using a small OID will _____ the amount of image unsharpness on the radiograph. Decrease Increase
Decrease
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Check all that apply. The amount of beam filtration is increased from 1 mm Al eq to 2 mm Al eq. This will: Decrease exposure Increase overall beam energy Decrease overall beam energy Increase exposure
Decrease exposure Increase overall beam energy
Which of the following would be associated with increased object magnification? Decreased OID Increased SID Decreased SID
Decreased SID
Cylinder extensions were commonly used for radiography of the: Shoulder Cervical spine Paranasal sinuses Hip
Paranasal sinuses
Foreshortening and elongation can be described as different types of: Size distortion Shape distortion
Shape distortion
On the characteristic curve used in film-screen radiography, what range of optical density (OD) values corresponds to the straight-line portion of the curve, or the diagnostic range of useful densities? 1.0 to 3.0 0.25 to 2.5 0 to 3.0 0.5 to 3.75
0.25 to 2.5
An object is radiographed using the large (1.2 mm) focal spot, a 40-inch SID, and 8-inches of OID. How much geometric unsharpness will be present on the resultant image? 6 mm 267 mm 0.3 mm 0.7 mm
0.3 mm
In diagnostic radiography, the small focal spot size usually has a diameter of: 0.6 mm 0.3 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm
0.6 mm
An increase in kVp: Would increase the amount of photoelectric interactions within the patient's tissue Would increase the overall average energy of the X-ray beam Would increase the speed an energy of the electrons applied across the X-ray tube during X-ray production 1 and 2 only 2 only 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
mAs is set: To maintain the appropriate level of IR exposure According to the size of the body part being radiographed To compensate for changes in part size/thickness from average 2 only 1 only 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
A radiographer is performing a lateral projection of the thoracic spine on a patient. Average technique for a lateral T-spine for the given room is 40 mAs. Wishing to acheive a breathing technique, the radiographer uses 35 mA for the exposure. What exposure time must be utilized to achieve the 40 mAs exposure? 1.8 sec 5.0 sec 0.88 sec 1.14 sec
1.14 sec
An image is radiographed using a 40-inch SID and a 7-inch OID. What is the magnification factor (MF)? 1.21 0.83 5.71 1452
1.21
The minimum response time of most automatic exposure control (AEC) systems is: 60 ms 15 ms 30 ms 10 ms
10 ms
A technologist performs a portable chest x-ray using 85 kVp, 17 mAs using a 16:1 ratio grid. How much mAs should be used if the technologist used a 8:1 ratio grid in this instance? 9 mAs 34 mAs 26 mAs 11 mAs
11 mAs
All other factors being equal, which grid would result in an image having the HIGHEST contrast? 10:1 grid 5:1 grid 8:1 grid 12:1 grid
12:1 grid
A given radiographic grid has lead strips that are 8 mm high and spaced 0.5 mm apart. What is the grid ratio? 8:1 16:1 4:1 2:1 12:1
16:1
All other factors being equal, which grid would result in an image having the LOWEST IR exposure? 6:1 grid 12:1 grid 5:1 grid 16:1 grid
16:1 grid
Tube current is determined by: The speed of the electrons crossing from cathode to anode during X-ray production The number of electrons crossing from cathode to anode during X-ray production The duration of time in which electrons are able to cross from cathode to anode during X-ray production 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
When using a variable-kVp exposure system, ________ of part thickness should be used. 5 kVp per cm 2 kVp per cm 1 kVp per cm 10 kVp per cm
2 kVp per cm
Portable chest x-rays in the department are typically performed using 5 mAs at a 72 inch SID. What mAs should be used if a 50 inch SID had to be utilized? 10 mAs 7 mAs 2 mAs 3 mAs
2 mAs
According to NCRP guidelines, all diagnostic X-ray tubes operating at 70 kVp or greater must contain at least __________ of total filtration. 2.5 mm Pb eq 2.5 mm Al eq 1.0 mm Al eq 3.0 mm Al eq 1.0 mm Pb eq
2.5 mm Al eq
A given set of technical factors produces an exposure of 100 mR at a 30-inch SID. Assuming all technical factors remain unchanged, how much exposure would be generated at a 60-inch SID? 50 mR 400 mR 200 mR 25 mR
25 mR
Each single "step" in AEC exposure (density) control adjustment (for example, going from 0 to +1) would result in an approximate _______ change in the mAs delivered by the AEC system. 25% 30% 50% 100%
30%
A given set of technical factors produces an exposure of 11 mR at a 72-inch SID. Assuming all technical factors remain unchanged, how much exposure would be generated at a 40-inch SID? 3 mR 20 mR 36 mR 6 mR
36 mR
Out of the sets of technical factors listed below, which would produce an image with the highest spatial resolution and the least amount of image unsharpness? 40-inch SID, 1-inch OID, small FSS 32" SID, 1-inch OID, small FSS 40-inch SID, 1-inch OID, large FSS 40-inch SID, 5-inch OID, small FSS
40-inch SID, 1-inch OID, small FSS
An object is radiographed using a 36-inch SID and a 9-inch OID. The object is projected to a size of 63 mm. What was the true/actual size of the object? 48 mm 84 mm 16 mm 1.3 mm
48 mm
A given radiographic grid contains lead lines that are 0.2 mm thick and are spaced 0.25 mm apart. What is the grid frequency? 56 lines per inch 64 lines per inch 1 line per inch 27 lines per inch
56 lines per inch
Consider the following scenario: A technologist performs a knee X-ray using 50 kVp and 20 mAs. IR exposure is adequate, but the contrast is too high. What technique would allow the technologist to decrease contrast while maintaining IR exposure? 50 kVp and 10 mAs 58 kVp and 10 mAs 43 kVp and 40 mAs 58 kVp and 20 mAs
58 kVp and 10 mAs
Average technique for an adbominal radiograph is 75 kVp and 30 mAs on a patient measuring 20 cm using a fixed-kVp technique chart. How much mAs would be used on a patient measuring 25 cm at the abdomen? 15 mAs 60 mAs mAs should not be adjusted, and the technologist should use 2 kVp per cm of patient thickness 30 mAs
60 mAs
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply. When using AEC, the backup timer will automatically terminate the exposure once _________________ has been reached. 600,000 heat units 600 total mAs 150 total kVp 6 seconds exposure time
600 total mAs 6 seconds exposure time
Consider the following scenario: A technologist performs and abdomen X-ray using 90 kVp and 10 mAs. IR exposure is adequate, but the contrast is too low. What technique would allow the technologist to increase contrast while maintaining IR exposure? 104 kVp and 5 mAs 77 kVp and 20 mAs 90 kVp and 20 mAs 104 kVp and 10 mAs
77 kVp and 20 mAs
A radiographer sets a technique of 70 kVp, 300 mA, and 0.03 seconds. What was the resultant mAs? 18 mAs 10,000 mAs 9 mAs 4.5 mAs
9 mAs
Upright abdomen x-rays in a department are typically performed using 40 mAs at a 40 inch SID. What mAs should be used if a 60 inch SID had to be utilized? 18 mAs 27 mAs 90 mAs 60 mAs
90 mAs
Which of the following statements is true regarding the 15% rule? To maintain IR exposure, mAs should be halved if kVp is decreased by 15% A 15% increase in kVp will approximately double IR exposure A 15% decrease in kVp will decrease IR exposure by 15% To maintain IR exposure, mAs should be doubled if kVp is increased by 15%
A 15% increase in kVp will approximately double IR exposure
Which type of anode angle would be more common in fluoroscopy, where the x-ray tube is continuously-energeized? A smaller anode angle A larger anode angle
A larger anode angle
Which term below refers to the anode's target- the area that is bombarded by electrons during x-ray production? Actual focal spot Stator Effective focal spot Rotor Focusing cup
Actual focal spot
The mirror of the X-ray collimator assembly contributes approximately 1.0 mm towards the ___________ filtration of the tube. Compensating Compound Inherent Added
Added
Which of the following statements represents the best practice regarding beam restriction? Always collimate to the size of the body part being radiographed Always collimate to the size of the IR Collimate to larger than the size of the body part to ensure that additional anatomy is included Digital shuttering or cropping of the image in post-processing is an adequate substitute for collimation
Always collimate to the size of the body part being radiographed
What is the name of a radiographic exposure system in which the techniques based on an average-sized patient are pre-programmed into the control panel for different positions/projections/body regions? Anatomically programmed radiography Automatic brightness control Automatic exposure control Fixed-kVp
Anatomically programmed radiography
All other factors being equal, which examination would inherently have the highest contrast? Chest Ankle Abdomen Pelvis
Ankle
Which type of beam restriction device consists of a flat sheet of lead with an opening for the passage of the primary beam? Aperture diaphragm Cone Collimator Cylinder
Aperture diaphragm
Which type of beam restriction device resulted in the production of images with a very high amount of image unsharpness (penumbra)? Cone Collimator Aperture diaphragm Cylinder
Aperture diaphragm
The ionization chambers used in AEC: Are located in between the patient and IR Are part of the technologist control panel Are located after the patient and IR Are located before the patient and IR
Are located in between the patient and IR
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply. Spatial resolution on a radiograph can be evaluated by: Assessing the trabecular pattern of bony structures Assessing the gray scale of the image Assessing the image for the presence or absence of motion blur Assessing the sharpness of the cortical outlines of bony structures
Assessing the trabecular pattern of bony structures Assessing the image for the presence or absence of motion blur Assessing the sharpness of the cortical outlines of bony structures
Which of the following statements is true? Brightness, density, and IR exposure are all synonymous with one another Brightness and IR exposure are interchangeable Brightness and density are not interchangeable Density and IR exposure can both be applied to digital imaging
Brightness and density are not interchangeable
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply For which of the following examinations would the use of a high-kVp technique chart be most beneficial? Extremity radiography Abdomen radiography Chest radiography Barium examinations
Chest radiography Barium examinations
At which stage in the development of a technique chart, can the chart be formally adopted for department use? Ongoing fine tuning Clinical trials Clinical fine tuning Phantom testing
Clinical fine tuning
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply Objects described as having a high spatial frequency are: Large Close together Low contrast Small
Close together Small
If a technologist changes their kVp from 60 to 90: Contrast will remain unchanged Contrast will increase Contrast will decrease
Contrast will decrease
If the technologist switches from a 10:1 to a 16:1 grid: Contrast will remain unchanged Contrast will increase Contrast will decrease
Contrast will increase
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Check all that apply. When the central ray is angled for an axial projection: Controlled/expected shape distortion (also called spatial distortion) is created The body part will have increased magnification Structures farther from the IR will be distorted more than structures closer to the IR The SID should be reduced by 1-inch for every 5 degrees of tube angulation to maintain SID
Controlled/expected shape distortion (also called spatial distortion) is created Structures farther from the IR will be distorted more than structures closer to the IR The SID should be reduced by 1-inch for every 5 degrees of tube angulation to maintain SID
Which of the following grid types would have the LEAST amount of centering leeway? Linear Reciprocating Cross-hatch Focused
Cross-hatch
When referring to grid cutoff created by an off-level grid error: Cutoff will be evident on the side up Cutoff will be evident on both sides of the image The miore pattern will be demonstrated on the image Cutoff will be evident on the side down
Cutoff will be evident on the side down
mAs has a ________ relationship to tube current. Inverse Direct Directly proportional Inversely proportional
Directly proportional
mAs has a ______________ relationship with IR exposure. Directly proportional No relationship exists between mAs and IR exposure Direct Inverse
Directly proportional
Generally, mAs should be adjusted in increments of: 30% 10% 15% Doubles or halves
Doubles or halves
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply. Motion artifact can severely degrade image quality. Which techniques can the radiographer employ to decrease the amount of motion artifact present on a radiograph, thereby improving spatial resolution? Effective patient communication Increased mAs Immobilization Increased exposure time
Effective patient communication Immobilization
Which type of shape distortion will occur if the image receptor is misaligned? Foreshortening Elongation
Elongation
Which term describes the range of exposures (techniques) over which the IR will respond with a diagnostic-quality image? HINT: This can also be described as the amount of "leeway" or flexibility that a technologist has when setting his/her techniques. DQE MTF Dynamic range Exposure latitude
Exposure latitude
Which term describes the range of exposures over which the IR will respond with a diagnostic-quality image? HINT: This is the amount of "leeway" or "flexibility" that you have when setting technique. IR exposure Exposure latitude Long-scale Window level
Exposure latitude
Which of the following technical parameters is controlled by the AEC system? Focal spot size kVp Exposure time mA
Exposure time
Variable-kVp exposure systems are most useful for: Fluoroscopy Torso imaging Spine imaging Extremity imaging
Extremity imaging
The upper set of shutters in the collimator assembly are fully-adjustable and control the field size. True False
False
Which of the following image acuqisition methods has the lowest detector quantum efficiency (DQE)? Computed radiography (CR) Film-screen radiography Direct-digital radiography (DR)
Film-screen radiography
Which of the following is both a quantitative AND qualitative factor? mAs Distance Filtration
Filtration
Which of the following is not one of the prime factors? Distance Kilovoltage peak (kVp) Milliampere-seconds (mAs) Focal spot size (FSS)
Focal spot size (FSS)
Which of the following scenarios would cause a severe/abrupt loss of IR exposure on both sides of the image? Lateral decentering Off-level grid Focused grid upside-down Vertical distance decentering
Focused grid upside-down
Which type of shape distortion will occur if the part is not aligned to the central ray and IR? Foreshortening Elongation
Foreshortening
The relationship of the height of the lead strips in a grid compared to the distance between the lead strips (interspace width) is an expression of: Grid cutoff Grid ratio Grid focus Grid frequency
Grid ratio
An image that has few shades of gray and is black and white in appearance can be described as being: Low contrast High contrast
High contrast
Which of the following is related to long-scale contrast? Few gray shades High kVp More black and white image Narrow exposure latitude
High kVp
A larger/increased image matrix will produce an image with _________ spatial resolution Lower Higher
Higher
All other factors being equal, x-raying which type of patient would produce an image with the lowest IR exposure? Hyposthenic Asthenic Hypersthenic Sthenic
Hypersthenic
Which term below describes the number of photons received by the image receptor? IR exposure Quantity Contrast Quality Density
IR exposure
If more x-ray photons are available to strike the IR" IR exposure will decrease IR exposure will be unchanged IR exposure will increase
IR exposure will increase
Which of the folliowing scenarios would cause the miore pattern to be evident on a radiograph? Improper use of a grid, such as the grid being off-level/tilted Insufficient mAs Off-focus radiation If grid lines are present on the image, and the CR reader scans the IR in a direction parallel to the grid lines
If grid lines are present on the image, and the CR reader scans the IR in a direction parallel to the grid lines
If a technologist changes from a 10:1 grid to a 5:1 grid, this will ________ IR exposure. Increase No change Decrease
Increase
Increasing OID will ________ contrast Increase Decrease No change
Increase
Using an increased SID will _______ spatial resolution. Decrease Increase
Increase
Using the small focal spot will _______ spatial resolution. Decrease Increase
Increase
According to the Inverse Square Law, a change in SID from 80-inches to 40-inches would: Decrease exposure by one half (50%) Increase exposure by two times (double) Decrease exposure by a factor of 4 Increase exposure by a factor of 4
Increase exposure by a factor of 4
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply A technologist makes an exposure, and on the finished image contrast is acceptable, but the image is underexposed. For the repeat image, the technologist should: Decrease kVp Decrease mAs Increase mAs Increase kVp
Increase mAs
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply A technologist makes an exposure, and on the finished image contrast is too low, but the image is adequately exposed. For the repeat image, the technologist should Increase mAs Increase kVp Decrease mAs Decrease kVp
Increase mAs Decrease kVp
Which of the following would correspond to increased spatial resolution? Large focal spot size Increased OID Increased SID Increased motion
Increased SID
Which law governs the relationship between SID and IR exposure? Direct square law Ohm's law Inverse square law Reciprocity law
Inverse square law
Off-focus radiation: Is the same thing as leakage radiation Is produced within the patient, and is one of the interactions with matter Is caused by photons produced at a location in the x-ray tube other than the anode target
Is caused by photons produced at a location in the x-ray tube other than the anode target
For a fixed-kVp exposure system, the optimum kVp: Is the kVp level that would permit higher mAs values to be utilized Is the kVp value that will produce an image having the highest contrast Is the highest practial kVp that will still produce a diagnostic-quality contrast scale Is the kVp value that will produce the overall best-looking image out of a series of images
Is the highest practial kVp that will still produce a diagnostic-quality contrast scale
What is the rationale of using a reciprocating (oscillating) grid? It moves during the exposure, reducing the appearance of grid lines on the image It requires less kVp, further increasing image contrast They can be used on studies performed both inside and outside the Bucky tray It requires less mAs, which reduces patient dose
It moves during the exposure, reducing the appearance of grid lines on the image
An image with many gray tones can be described as: High contrast Low contrast
Low contrast
Which term refers to the shortest possible exposure time that can be acheived while using AEC? Backup time Minimum response time Termination time Cell energization time
Minimum response time
Which term describes the ability of an imaging system to resolve high-spatial frequency objects? Characteristic curve Detector quantum efficiency Contrast-detail curve Modulation transfer function Contrast-detail curve
Modulation transfer function
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply Which of the following errors would cause unilateral grid cutoff? Off-level grid Vertical distance decentering Lateral decentering Focused grid upside down
Off-level grid Lateral decentering
Which of the following is the principal advantage of utilizing a fixed-kVp exposure system? Overall higher scale of contrast Ability to make fine adjustments to technique Improved spatial resolution Overall lower patient dose
Overall lower patient dose
What is the name of the area of blurriness/unsharpness that occurs around the periphery of the radiographic image? Umbra Ghosting Vignetting Penumbra
Penumbra
Which of the following terms refers to "automatic collimation? Positive beam limitation Active beam restriction Automatic collimation control Automatic exposure control
Positive beam limitation
Which of the following terms would describe the energy level or penetrability of the photons comprising the X-ray beam? Exposure Quality Intensity Quantity
Quality
Which law states that differing combinations of mA and time will produce an equivalent IR exposure as long as the resultant mAs is the same? Inverse square law Reciprocity law Exposure maintenance law 15% law Ohm's law
Reciprocity law
What is the primary advantage of focused grids over parallel grids? Reduced appearance of the miore pattern on the image Reduced appearance of grid lines on the image Higher image contrast Reduced bilateral grid cutoff because the angle of the lead strips matches the divergence of the primary beam
Reduced bilateral grid cutoff because the angle of the lead strips matches the divergence of the primary beam
Which of the following units of distance is important in radiography from a radiation protection standpoint, especially as it relates to the patient's skin dose (entrance skin exposure/ESE)? Source-to-image receptor distance (SID) Source-to-object distance (SOD) Object-to-image receptor distance (OID)
Source-to-object distance (SOD)
Any time penumbra is decreased: Spatial resolution is increased Spatial resolution is decreased Spatial resolution and penumbra are unrelated
Spatial resolution is increased
Consider the following scenario: A technologist is performing an AP projection of the lumbar spine on a patient, with the patient laying supine on the radiographic table. The technologist positions the patient accurately and selects the middle AEC cell. However, an upright chest x-ray was performed in the room previously, and the technologist forgets to switch the control panel from wall Bucky to table Bucky. The technologist makes the exposure. In this scenario, what would be the most likely outcome regarding the quality of the resultant radiograph? The image contrast would be too high Recorded detail would be too low The image would be underexposed The image would be overexposed The image contrast would be too low
The image would be overexposed
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply. Consider the following scenario: A technologist is performing an AP projection of the left hip on an average-sized patient, with the patient laying supine on the radiographic table. The technologist centers the patient correctly, collimates to the body part, and selects the middle AEC cell and table Bucky selection prior to making the exposure. However, the technologist wasn't aware that this patient had a left hip arthroplasty using a titanium hip replacement. What would likely occur in this scenario? The image would be overexposed Nothing; the image would have a sufficient amount of IR exposure and scale of contrast The image would have too many grays The AEC system would reach its backup time threshold The AEC system would terminate the exposure before its minimum response time can be reached The image would be underexposed
The image would be overexposed The AEC system would reach its backup time threshold
Consider the following scenario: A technologist is performing an upright lateral projection of the chest on an asthenic patient. The technologist selects the wall Bucky, positions the patient correctly, collimates to the body part, and selects the outer two AEC cells. In this scenario, what would be the most likely outcome regarding the quality of the resultant radiograph? The image would be too black-and-white Nothing; the image would be exposed sufficiently The image would have too many grays The image would be overexposed The image would be underexposed
The image would be underexposed
The Inverse Square Law states that: IR exposure can be reduced by decreasing SID, and vice-versa I1 / I2 = D1^2 / D2^2 OID and IR exposure have an inversely proportional relationship The intensity of the primary beam at a given point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source of radiation
The intensity of the primary beam at a given point is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source of radiation
The term quantity refers to: The number of scattered photons after the primary beam has interacted with matter The speed of the primary beam photons The number of photons in the primary beam The energy level of the primary beam photons
The number of photons in the primary beam
In digital imaging, the resolution or matrix size of the monitor being used can have a profound effect on spatial resolution. What is the definition of the matrix size of the monitor? The effective focal spot size The number of pixels being used to display the image The number of line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) The overall size of the monitor
The number of pixels being used to display the image
For focused radiographic grids, the focal range represents: The range of SIDs within which the grid can be used without causing grid cutoff The grid ratio The contrast improvement factor of the grid The number of lines per inch within the grid
The range of SIDs within which the grid can be used without causing grid cutoff
Image unsharpness can never be completely eliminated on a radiograph due to: The rounded shape of the majority of anatomical structures within the body The line focus principle The limited range of SIDs used in diagnostic radiography The divergence of the x-ray beam
The rounded shape of the majority of anatomical structures within the body
Spatial resolution can be best described as: Magnification of the body part The amount of differences between adjacent IR exposures on the radiograph The sharpness or accuracy of the structural lines recorded on the image The overall brightness of the image
The sharpness or accuracy of the structural lines recorded on the image
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply. Which of the following affects the production of scattered radiation? The tissue composition and size of the body part being imaged The kilovoltage level selected The grid ratio selected for the procedure The amount of collimation used
The tissue composition and size of the body part being imaged The kilovoltage level selected The amount of collimation used
The majority of diagnostic x-ray tubes in use today are dual focus x-ray tubes, meaning: kVp levels can be adjusted over two orders of magnitude mA levels can be adjusted over two orders of magnitude They have two filaments- one for each focal spot size They have detents for 40-inch and 72-inch SIDs
They have two filaments- one for each focal spot size
Before a new technique chart can be used on patients, test exposures are first made by taking images of: The staff technologists in the department Tissue-equivalent phantoms The director of the radiology department The manakin that we use for lab
Tissue-equivalent phantoms
kVp is set: To achieve the appropriate scale of contrast for the body part being radiographed In accordance to the size of the body part being imaged To compensate for variations in part thickness from average To maintain appropriate IR exposure
To achieve the appropriate scale of contrast for the body part being radiographed
Which of the following describes the proper usage of AEC exposure (density) controls? To compensate for the thickness of the body part being radiographed To compensate for additive or destructive pathology To compensate for an X-ray generator that is not producing the appropriate radiation output To compensate for the tissue composition of the body part being radiographed
To compensate for additive or destructive pathology
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply In digital imaging, mAs should be adjusted: To achieve the appropriate scale of contrast for the body part To provide the appropriate number of photons to the image receptor In accordance with the size of the body part being imaged In increments of 15% to 30% In increments of doubles or halves
To provide the appropriate number of photons to the image receptor In accordance with the size of the body part being imaged In increments of doubles or halves
What is the primary reason why the X-ray beam needs to be filtered? To provide a more uniform scale of contrast To prevent the IR from being overexposed by too many photons To generate an adequate amount of image signal To reduce the patient's skin dose
To reduce the patient's skin dose
Digital imaging systems do not automatically correct for a radiographer's error in selecting an appropriate mAs True False
True
Increasing the amount of beam restriction will reduce patient dose. True False
True
Minification of the object is impossible in diagnostic radiography True False
True
Overall scale of contrast is variable when using a variable-kVp exposure system. True False
True
Overall, part measurement with calipers is less critical for fixed-kVp exposure systems than for variable-kVp True False
True
kVp affects both the quantity and quality of the x-ray beam. True False
True
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Select all that apply Check all of the choices below that are true when referencing a fixed-kVp exposure system. Tube heat loading is lower compared to variable kVp There is an overall longer contrast scale on images Part measurement is absolutely critical Overall patient dose is higher compared to variable kVp Radiographic contrast is standardized (for a given part)
Tube heat loading is lower compared to variable kVp There is an overall longer contrast scale on images Radiographic contrast is standardized (for a given part)
Which of the following would result in an image exhibiting decreased spatial resolution? Using an x-ray tube with a larger anode angle Changing the amount of tube filtration from 2.0 mm Al eq to 3.0 mm Al eq Changing from the large focal spot to the small focal spot Changing the SID from 36-inches to 48-inches
Using an x-ray tube with a larger anode angle
MULTIPLE ANSWER: Check all that apply Radiographic grids should be used: When larger IR sizes and collimation are used (example: 14 X 17) When the mAs used for the examination exceeds 30 mAs When the large focal spot is selected When the size of the part being imaged exceeds 10 cm When the kVp used for an examination exceeds 60 kVp
When the size of the part being imaged exceeds 10 cm When the kVp used for an examination exceeds 60 kVp
AEC ionization chambers are filled with a highly-pressurized form of ________ gas. Neon Xenon Oxygen Nitrogen
Xenon
15.) Which of the following digital imaging tests need to be performed monthly? a. Inspect and clean IRs b. General inspection c. QC for the laser printer d. Calibration of CRT monitors if they are still being used.
a
6.) A spinning top test is desired to be performed on a 3Ǿ, 12-pulse x-ray generator. The exposure is made and the film is processed; the arc produced is 74 degrees when measured with a protractor. The actual exposure time for the given exposure is a. 0.2 sec b. 2.0 sec c. 4.8 sec d. 0.02 sec e. 0.15 sec
a
For most types of focal spot size testing, the ____________ test tool should be sufficient. a. Star-pattern b. Line pair resolution tool c. Densitometer d. Both "a" and "c" are correct
a
Using a beam alignment test tool, the x-ray beam should be within ________ of perpendicular. a. 1 degree b. 2 degrees c. 5 degrees d. 10 degrees
a
"Full inspection" testing for digital imaging is performed by: a. The QC technologist b. A medical physicist c. Vendor service personnel
b
A spinning top test is desired to be performed on a 1Ǿ, half-wave rectified x-ray generator. The exposure time is set on the control panel as 0.5 sec. This means that _______ dots should appear on the image if the generator is functioning properly. a. 20 b. 30 c. 200 d. 300
b
Light field-to-radiation field congruence must be congruent to within ________ of the SID. a. +/- 1% b. +/- 2% c. +/- 5% d. +/- 10 %
b
The monitor for digital image viewing can be evaluated with: a. A spinning top test b. The SMPTE pattern c. Boston CR test tool d. NERO device
b
A spinning top test is performed on a 1Ǿ, full-wave rectified x-ray unit. It was determined that a pattern of 40 dots should have appeared on the image. The test was performed and the film processed, however, only 20 dots appeared on the image. This is indicative of a/an a. Transformer failure. b. Autotransformer failure. c. Rectification assembly failure. d. Filament circuit failure.
c
For a given x-ray tube, an technique of 15 mAs produces an exposure of 40 mR. If the x-ray generator is functioning properly, this means that an increase in technique to 30 mAs should produce an exposure of a. 20 mR b. 50 mR c. 80 mR d. 100 mR
c
Lead aprons should be examined under fluoroscopy every: a. Week b. Month c. 6 months d. Year
c
The distance measurement on the x-ray tube's display must be within ________ of the measured SID. a. +/- 2% b. +/- 5% c. +/- 10% d. +/- 15%
c
A spinning top test is performed to test the accuracy of the a. kVp level. b. Focal spot size. c. mAs reproducibility. d. Exposure timer.
d
The backup timer of the AEC system MUST terminate the exposure one technical factors of ________ have been reached. a. 600 mAs b. 6 sec c. 150 kVp d. Both "a" and "b" are correct
d
What is the controlling factor of radiographic contrast? kVp mAs Filtration OID
kVp
Which of the following is the controlling factor of IR exposure? mAs Filtration SID kVp
mAs