Telecommunication Exam 1

HTTP

protocol used for websites

UTP

stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair (example: phone line, Ethernet)

$ pwd

stands for print working directory and its a command when you're lost then type this

$ cat

the command that displays the content of your file on the monitor.

Web2

the current state of online technology as it compares to the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels.

Root

top level directory ( the god of unix)

Dynamic IP

Addressing assigns a different IP address each time the ISP customer logs on to their computer.

Static IP

Addressing is for one customer on one IP address.

Internet2

Advanced networking consortium of more than 350 member institution working in partnership to facilitate the development, deployment, and use of revolutionary internet technologies. Provides a next-generation, nationwide 100 Gbps network.

Fiber-optic cable

Consists of up to hundreds of strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit data.

Browser cookies

Cookies are text files retained on computers by browsers containing various information in regards to a specific website visit.

IPconfig

Gives you IP number of your machine one works on Microsoft

Backbone

High bandwidth fiber optic cable that transports data across the internet.

WiMAX

High-speed, medium range broadband wireless metropolitan area network. Stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on WWW pages.

HTTP

Hypertext transfer protocol and is defined as the beginning of most website addresses used to signal request to receive or transmit files over the internet.

SMTP

Simple mail transfer protocol is used when email is delivered from an email client, such as Outlook Express, to an email server or when email is delivered from one email server to another.

Innovation

Stages of the Internet 1961-1974

Institutionalization

Stages of the Internet 1975-1995

Commercialization

Stages of the Internet 1995

XML

Stands for Extensible Markup Language. Programming language but better than HTML.

URL

Stands for Uniform Resource Locater which is the address used by a web browser to identify the location of the web.

DHCP server

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a network protocol used to assign IP addresses and provide configuration information to devices such as servers, desktops or mobile devices, so they can communicate on a network using the Internet Protocol(IP)

Disadvantage of cloud computing

The disadvantage is that firms become totally dependent on their cloud service providers.

Topology

The physical and logical structure of a network. The arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.

Wifi

The range is a radius of 100 meters. High-speed, fixed broadband wireless.

T1

They are large pipes used to transport digital voice and data signals from a business location to the internet of dedicated destination. A dedicated server and is 1.5 Mbps.

Local Network Access Protocol (NAP) Layer

This is the part of your system that is concerned with how you communicate with your local network, whether is Ethernet or token ring.

Physical Layer

This is the physical connection whether is using a Network Interface Card or with a modem to connect to the local network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) layer

This layer concerns how data can be reliably transferred over the network.

Internet Protocol (IP) Layer

This layer handles address and routing of the network.

Circuit switching

Use a methodology of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a "dedicated" communication line through the network before the nodes may be communicated. Example is a phone line.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Use of the internet to connect a wide variety of devices, machines, and sensors.

Centralized Computing

Using your computer as a terminal to a central computer.

VOIP

Voice over IP means packet switching. (Comcast, skype, cell phone apps) Your voice gets converted to packet switching.

3G

Cellular networks that have data rates of 384kbit/s and more.

GUI

A graphical user interface is a human-computer interface that uses windows, icons and menus and which can be manipulated by a mouse (and often to a limited extent by a keyboard as well).

XML

A markup language specification developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that is designed to describe data and information.

Packet switching

A mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of sequences that are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination. It has headers and data section decided by the protocol and it directed by the router.

Telnet

A network protocol that allows a user on one computer to log onto another computer that is part of the same network.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A service offered on the internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links. (HTTP protocol).

Multi-User operating system

A term describing an operating system of application program that can be used by several people concurrently.

Operating system

Allows you to control all the resources of the machine

Protocol

An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. When computers communicate with each other, there needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows.

Intranet

An internal use, private network inside an organization that uses the same kind of software which would also be found on the internet

Application Layer

Application layer defines generic available network application or services the Internet can support.

Resource

Applications Keyboards Hard disk Mouse

IP addresses

Are assigned as part of connecting to a network, is also assigned to every device on a network so that device can be located on that network.

Mac addresses

Are assigned at the time hardware is manufactured and is best thought of as kind of serial number assigned to every network adapter.

2G

Are the first digital cellular systems launched the early 1990s, offering improved sound quality, better security and higher total capacity.

Node

Device on the network (go into/out of the network).

T3

Digital dedicated wire the speed is 45 mbps.

Router

Directing trafficking behind the scene on the internet. Sends packets one step closer to the destination.

Wi-Fi

Wireless standard for Ethernet networks with greater speed and range than Bluetooth

IPv6

Internet address is 128 bit (2^128), it can support more addresses than IPv4

DSL

Is a wireline transmission technology that transmits data faster over traditional copper telephones lines already installed to homes and business. Use your own phone line for the internet to give you higher speed.

Command line o/s interface

Is means of interacting with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text (command lines).

TCP

Is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, it enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. It's in charge of applications, it makes the packets as well.

IP

Is the protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. It transfers packets.

Advantages of cloud computing

It reduces the cost of building and operating websites because firms can obtain these firms can obtain these services through the internet for a fraction of the cost of owning.

Domain name system

It's a system that expresses numeric IP addresses in natural language.

Internet

World's largest public network (TCP/IP protocol).

Bandwidth

Measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time and is usually expressed in bits per second(bps). 1000 bits per second is 1 kilobit per second. The speed in bps is equal to the number of bits transmitted or received each second.

Cloud computing

Model of computing in which firms and individual obtain computing power and software over the internet.

Cable

Modem service enables cable operators to provide broadband using this same coaxial cables that deliver pictures and sound to your TV set.

Without operating systems

Nothing will work on your machine

Ping

Packet InterNet Groper is a utility program that allows you to check the connection between a client computer and a TCP/IP. Sends packet to a machine to see if its connected.

Domain name server

Physical machine, that has a database that converts the IP address to domain name.

Extranet

Private network that uses the internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, and other business.

Satellite

Provide links for broadband, is another form of wireless broadband, is also useful for serving remote or sparsely populated areas.

Services

Provide the services for the client.

Bluetooth

Provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles over a secure, globally unlicensed short-range radio frequency (10 meters).

Broadband

Refers to any communication technology that permits clients to play streaming audio and files at acceptable speeds generally above 100 kps which are faster than narrow band. Example is DSL, cable internet

4G

Refers to the fourth generation of mobile phone communication standards. (Example: LTE and WiMax)

Client

Request service, always asked for services.

Routing

Send packets one step closer to their destination

$ who am i

Show who you are (user)

Working Directory

Where you were at the moment

Home directory

Where you were when you login

$ who

Who's into your system, how many is in the system. Show all the users.

$ cd ..

change directory going up

$ cd

command back home

$ cp

command that copies the original file with a new name

$ cd /filename

command that goes to the absolute file

$ ls

command that list all files and folders

$ ls -al

command that show files in long format

$ ls -a

command that shows all files including hidden files

$ cd (name of Directory)

command to go back down a directory

IPv4

internet address is a 32-bit number (2^32) that appears as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods.

HTML

is a computer language devised to allow website creation.

Internet

is a network which is for public

Router

is a special purpose computer that interconnects the different computer networks that make up the internet and routes packets along to their ultimate destination as they travel.

Tracert

is one of several route tracing utilities that allow you to follow the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the internet.

Narrowband

is the traditional telephone modem connection operating at 56.6 kps. Example is telephone cable

Remote login

login from a computer to another computer.